{\rtf1\adeflang1025\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\adeff1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}
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{\f45\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 02030609000101010101}@GungsuhChe;}{\f46\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010101010101010101}DaunPenh;}{\f47\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}DokChampa;}
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{\f51\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609000101010101}GulimChe;}{\f52\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609000101010101}@GulimChe;}{\f53\fswiss\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600000101010101}@Dotum;}
{\f54\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609000101010101}DotumChe;}{\f55\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609000101010101}@DotumChe;}{\f56\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0806030902050204}Impact;}
{\f57\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Iskoola Pota;}{\f58\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Kalinga;}{\f59\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Khmer UI;}
{\f60\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Lao UI;}{\f61\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609040504020204}Lucida Console;}{\f62\fswiss\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020000020004}Malgun Gothic;}
{\f63\fswiss\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020000020004}@Malgun Gothic;}{\f64\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Meiryo;}{\f65\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}@Meiryo;}
{\f66\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Meiryo UI;}{\f67\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}@Meiryo UI;}{\f68\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 01010100010101010101}Microsoft Himalaya;}
{\f69\fswiss\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}Microsoft JhengHei;}{\f70\fswiss\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}@Microsoft JhengHei;}{\f71\fswiss\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020204020204}Microsoft YaHei;}
{\f72\fswiss\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020204020204}@Microsoft YaHei;}{\f73\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02020509000000000000}@MingLiU;}{\f74\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}@PMingLiU;}
{\f75\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}MingLiU_HKSCS;}{\f76\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}@MingLiU_HKSCS;}{\f77\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}MingLiU-ExtB;}
{\f78\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}@MingLiU-ExtB;}{\f79\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}PMingLiU-ExtB;}{\f80\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}@PMingLiU-ExtB;}
{\f81\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB;}{\f82\froman\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02020500000000000000}@MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB;}{\f83\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03000500000000000000}Mongolian Baiti;}
{\f84\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}@MS Gothic;}{\f85\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS PGothic;}{\f86\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS PGothic;}
{\f87\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}MS UI Gothic;}{\f88\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600070205080204}@MS UI Gothic;}{\f89\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}@MS Mincho;}
{\f90\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}MS PMincho;}{\f91\froman\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 02020600040205080304}@MS PMincho;}{\f92\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000500030200090000}MV Boli;}
{\f93\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Microsoft New Tai Lue;}{\f94\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000504070300020003}Nyala;}{\f95\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Microsoft PhagsPa;}
{\f96\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602070100000000}Plantagenet Cherokee;}{\f97\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020000000003}Segoe Script;}{\f98\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI;}
{\f99\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0702040204020203}Segoe UI Semibold;}{\f100\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI Light;}{\f101\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Segoe UI Symbol;}
{\f102\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}@SimSun;}{\f103\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}NSimSun;}{\f104\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609030101010101}@NSimSun;}
{\f105\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}SimSun-ExtB;}{\f106\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}@SimSun-ExtB;}{\f107\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Microsoft Tai Le;}
{\f108\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Shonar Bangla;}{\f109\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03000500000000000000}Microsoft Yi Baiti;}{\f110\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Microsoft Sans Serif;}
{\f111\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Aparajita;}{\f112\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000000000000000000}Ebrima;}{\f113\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}Gisha;}
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{\f117\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0100010101010101}MoolBoran;}{\f118\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Utsaah;}{\f119\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Vijaya;}
{\f120\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Andalus;}{\f121\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020402040406030203}Arabic Typesetting;}{\f122\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Simplified Arabic;}
{\f123\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Simplified Arabic Fixed;}{\f124\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02000000000000000000}Sakkal Majalla;}{\f125\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Traditional Arabic;}
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{\f129\fbidi \fnil\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 02010502060101010101}Levenim MT;}{\f130\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502050101010101}Miriam;}{\f131\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509050101010101}Miriam Fixed;}
{\f132\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502050101010101}Narkisim;}{\f133\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1{\*\panose 02030509050101010101}Rod;}{\f134\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}FangSong;}
{\f135\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}@FangSong;}{\f136\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}@SimHei;}{\f137\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609060101010101}KaiTi;}
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{\f141\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}BrowalliaUPC;}{\f142\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0304020202020204}CordiaUPC;}{\f143\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}DilleniaUPC;}
{\f144\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}EucrosiaUPC;}{\f145\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}FreesiaUPC;}{\f146\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}IrisUPC;}
{\f147\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}JasmineUPC;}{\f148\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}KodchiangUPC;}{\f149\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}LilyUPC;}
{\f150\fscript\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 03000509000000000000}DFKai-SB;}{\f151\fscript\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 03000509000000000000}@DFKai-SB;}{\f152\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020204}Lucida Sans Unicode;}
{\f153\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a04020102020204}Arial Black;}{\f154\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri;}{\f155\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria;}
{\f156\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040503050406030204}Cambria Math;}{\f157\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030303020204}Candara;}{\f158\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030f0702030302020204}Comic Sans MS;}
{\f159\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609020204030204}Consolas;}{\f160\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030602050306030303}Constantia;}{\f161\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020204020204}Corbel;}
{\f162\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020102020204}Franklin Gothic Medium;}{\f163\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040605051002020d02}Gabriola;}{\f164\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050405020303}Georgia;}
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{\f177\fswiss\fcharset129\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502040204020203}@kor_boot;}{\f178\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020504020200}wgl4_boot;}{\f179\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020202020204}Agency FB;}
{\f180\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020705040a02060702}Algerian;}{\f181\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0704030504030204}Arial Rounded MT Bold;}{\f182\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}@Arial Unicode MS;}
{\f183\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602080505020303}Baskerville Old Face;}{\f184\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030905020b02020c02}Bauhaus 93;}{\f185\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020503060305020303}Bell MT;}
{\f186\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0602020502020306}Berlin Sans FB;}{\f187\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050806060905020404}Bernard MT Condensed;}{\f188\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020505051007020d02}Blackadder ITC;}
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{\f192\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070706080601050204}Bodoni MT Poster Compressed;}{\f193\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050305030304}Book Antiqua;}{\f194\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050604050505020204}Bookman Old Style;}
{\f195\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070402050302030203}Bradley Hand ITC;}{\f196\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903060703020204}Britannic Bold;}{\f197\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040905080b02020502}Broadway;}
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{\f201\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0402060406010301}Castellar;}{\f202\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030504050205020304}Centaur;}{\f203\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020202020204}Century Gothic;}
{\f204\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040604050505020304}Century Schoolbook;}{\f205\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020404031007020602}Chiller;}{\f206\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020805060202030203}Colonna MT;}
{\f207\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0208090404030b020404}Cooper Black;}{\f208\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0705020206020404}Copperplate Gothic Bold;}{\f209\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0507020206020404}Copperplate Gothic Light;}
{\f210\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040404050702020202}Curlz MT;}{\f211\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030303020407070d0804}Edwardian Script ITC;}{\f212\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020904090505020303}Elephant;}
{\f213\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02090707080505020304}Engravers MT;}{\f214\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0907030504020204}Eras Bold ITC;}{\f215\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0805030504020804}Eras Demi ITC;}
{\f216\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0402030504020804}Eras Light ITC;}{\f217\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020804}Eras Medium ITC;}{\f218\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04060505060202020a04}Felix Titling;}
{\f219\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0204060206030a020304}Footlight MT Light;}{\f220\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902040502070203}Forte;}{\f221\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020102020204}Franklin Gothic Book;}
{\f222\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0703020102020204}Franklin Gothic Demi;}{\f223\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0706030402020204}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond;}{\f224\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903020102020204}Franklin Gothic Heavy;}
{\f225\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606030402020204}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond;}{\f226\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030804020302050b0404}Freestyle Script;}{\f227\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020402040607040605}French Script MT;}
{\f228\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020404030301010803}Garamond;}{\f229\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040504061007020d02}Gigi;}{\f230\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0902020104020203}Gill Sans MT Ext Condensed Bold;}
{\f231\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020104020203}Gill Sans MT;}{\f232\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506020104020203}Gill Sans MT Condensed;}{\f233\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a02020104020203}Gill Sans Ultra Bold;}
{\f234\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a06020104020203}Gill Sans Ultra Bold Condensed;}{\f235\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030808020601010101}Gloucester MT Extra Condensed;}
{\f236\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502050305020303}Goudy Old Style;}{\f237\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0202090407030b020401}Goudy Stout;}{\f238\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0706040902060204}Haettenschweiler;}
{\f239\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030604020f02020d02}Harlow Solid Italic;}{\f240\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040505050a02020702}Harrington;}{\f241\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050506030303}High Tower Text;}
{\f242\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020605060303030202}Imprint MT Shadow;}{\f243\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04090605060d06020702}Jokerman;}{\f244\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040403040a02020202}Juice ITC;}
{\f245\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202030202}Kristen ITC;}{\f246\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030304020206070d0d06}Kunstler Script;}{\f247\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050505020304}Lucida Bright;}
{\f248\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Calligraphy;}{\f249\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060602050505020204}Lucida Fax;}{\f250\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Handwriting;}
{\f251\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020204}Lucida Sans;}{\f252\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509030504030204}Lucida Sans Typewriter;}{\f253\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010100010000000000}MS Outlook;}
{\f254\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030805050802020d02}Magneto;}{\f255\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030308020204}Maiandra GD;}{\f256\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020802060602070202}Matura MT Script Capitals;}
{\f257\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03090702030407020403}Mistral;}{\f258\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070704070505020303}Modern No. 20;}{\f259\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010201010101}Monotype Corsiva;}
{\f260\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020502070703030202}Niagara Engraved;}{\f261\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020502070702020202}Niagara Solid;}{\f262\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02010509020102010303}OCR A Extended;}
{\f263\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040902040508030806}Old English Text MT;}{\f264\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04050602080702020203}Onyx;}{\f265\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030303020206070c0b05}Palace Script MT;}
{\f266\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502060502030205}Papyrus;}{\f267\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040708040804}Parchment;}{\f268\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060401020303}Perpetua;}
{\f269\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060505020804}Perpetua Titling MT;}{\f270\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040506030a0602020202}Playbill;}{\f271\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02080502050505020702}Poor Richard;}
{\f272\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060402040406080204}Pristina;}{\f273\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502040507070304}Rage Italic;}{\f274\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040805050809020602}Ravie;}
{\f275\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060603020205020403}Rockwell;}{\f276\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060603050405020104}Rockwell Condensed;}{\f277\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060903040505020403}Rockwell Extra Bold;}
{\f278\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030604020304060b0204}Informal Roman;}{\f279\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040607080904}Script MT Bold;}{\f280\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020904020102020604}Showcard Gothic;}
{\f281\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040a07060a02020202}Snap ITC;}{\f282\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040409050d0802020404}Stencil;}{\f283\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602020104020603}Tw Cen MT;}
{\f284\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606020104020203}Tw Cen MT Condensed;}{\f285\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020404030d07020202}Tempus Sans ITC;}{\f286\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502030502020203}Viner Hand ITC;}
{\f287\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020602050506090804}Vivaldi;}{\f288\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050402040407070305}Vladimir Script;}{\f289\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0a07050505020404}Wide Latin;}
{\f290\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020102010507070707}Wingdings 2;}{\f291\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05040102010807070707}Wingdings 3;}{\f292\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0802020502020306}Berlin Sans FB Demi;}
{\f293\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010101010101010101}Bookshelf Symbol 7;}{\f294\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}MS Reference Sans Serif;}{\f295\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000500000000000000}MS Reference Specialty;}
{\f296\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0803020202020204}Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold;}{\f297\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010205020202}MT Extra;}{\f298\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606020202030204}Arial Narrow;}
{\f299\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0609000104060307}OCR-A II;}{\f300\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509000102020203}OCR B MT;}{\f301\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506030403020203}QuickType II Condensed;}
{\f302\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509020104020203}QuickType II Mono;}{\f303\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0600020000000001}QuickType II Pi;}{\f304\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020004020203}QuickType II;}
{\f305\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF;}{\f306\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\f307\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\f309\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}
{\f310\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\f311\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\f312\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\f313\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\f314\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\f316\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f317\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f319\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}{\f320\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}
{\f321\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f322\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f323\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f324\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}
{\f326\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f327\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f329\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f330\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f331\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f332\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f333\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f334\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f418\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Mincho Western{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f416\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Mincho CE{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f417\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f419\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f420\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}{\f423\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f428\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Batang Western{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}{\f426\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Batang CE{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}{\f427\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Batang Cyr{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}
{\f429\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Batang Greek{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}{\f430\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Batang Tur{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}{\f433\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Batang Baltic{\*\falt \'a9\'f6UAA};}
{\f438\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 SimSun Western{\*\falt ??\'a8\'ac?};}{\f448\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 PMingLiU Western{\*\falt \'a1\'50s2OcuAe};}{\f458\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MS Gothic Western{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f456\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 MS Gothic CE{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f457\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 MS Gothic Cyr{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f459\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 MS Gothic Greek{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f460\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 MS Gothic Tur{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f463\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 MS Gothic Baltic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}{\f468\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Dotum Western{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}
{\f466\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Dotum CE{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}{\f467\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Dotum Cyr{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}{\f469\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Dotum Greek{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}
{\f470\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Dotum Tur{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}{\f473\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Dotum Baltic{\*\falt \'a5\'ec\'a2\'ac\'a2\'afo};}{\f478\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 SimHei Western{\*\falt o\'a8\'b2\'a8\'ac?};}
{\f488\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 MingLiU Western{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}{\f508\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Gulim Western{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}{\f506\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Gulim CE{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}
{\f507\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Gulim Cyr{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}{\f509\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Gulim Greek{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}
{\f510\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Gulim Tur{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}{\f513\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Gulim Baltic{\*\falt \'a1\'be\'a8\'f9\'a2\'ac\'a9\'f7};}{\f516\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century CE;}
{\f517\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Cyr;}{\f519\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Greek;}{\f520\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Tur;}{\f523\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Baltic;}{\f535\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 Angsana New (Thai);}
{\f545\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Cordia New (Thai);}{\f566\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Sylfaen CE;}{\f567\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Sylfaen Cyr;}{\f569\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Sylfaen Greek;}{\f570\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Sylfaen Tur;}
{\f573\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Sylfaen Baltic;}{\f658\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f656\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS CE;}{\f657\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}
{\f659\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f660\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f661\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}{\f662\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}
{\f663\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f664\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f665\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}{\f666\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Tahoma CE;}
{\f667\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Tahoma Cyr;}{\f669\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Tahoma Greek;}{\f670\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Tahoma Tur;}{\f671\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Tahoma (Hebrew);}{\f672\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Tahoma (Arabic);}
{\f673\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Tahoma Baltic;}{\f674\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Tahoma (Vietnamese);}{\f675\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Tahoma (Thai);}{\f698\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Batang Western;}{\f696\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Batang CE;}
{\f697\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Batang Cyr;}{\f699\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Batang Greek;}{\f700\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Batang Tur;}{\f703\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Batang Baltic;}{\f708\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 BatangChe Western;}
{\f706\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 BatangChe CE;}{\f707\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 BatangChe Cyr;}{\f709\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 BatangChe Greek;}{\f710\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 BatangChe Tur;}{\f713\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 BatangChe Baltic;}
{\f718\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @BatangChe Western;}{\f716\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @BatangChe CE;}{\f717\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @BatangChe Cyr;}{\f719\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @BatangChe Greek;}{\f720\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @BatangChe Tur;}
{\f723\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @BatangChe Baltic;}{\f728\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 Gungsuh Western;}{\f726\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Gungsuh CE;}{\f727\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Gungsuh Cyr;}{\f729\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Gungsuh Greek;}
{\f730\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Gungsuh Tur;}{\f733\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Gungsuh Baltic;}{\f738\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @Gungsuh Western;}{\f736\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @Gungsuh CE;}{\f737\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @Gungsuh Cyr;}
{\f739\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @Gungsuh Greek;}{\f740\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @Gungsuh Tur;}{\f743\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @Gungsuh Baltic;}{\f748\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 GungsuhChe Western;}{\f746\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 GungsuhChe CE;}
{\f747\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 GungsuhChe Cyr;}{\f749\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 GungsuhChe Greek;}{\f750\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 GungsuhChe Tur;}{\f753\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 GungsuhChe Baltic;}{\f758\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @GungsuhChe Western;}
{\f756\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @GungsuhChe CE;}{\f757\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @GungsuhChe Cyr;}{\f759\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @GungsuhChe Greek;}{\f760\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @GungsuhChe Tur;}{\f763\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @GungsuhChe Baltic;}
{\f785\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 DokChampa (Thai);}{\f808\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Gulim Western;}{\f806\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Gulim CE;}{\f807\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Gulim Cyr;}{\f809\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Gulim Greek;}
{\f810\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Gulim Tur;}{\f813\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Gulim Baltic;}{\f818\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 GulimChe Western;}{\f816\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 GulimChe CE;}{\f817\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 GulimChe Cyr;}
{\f819\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 GulimChe Greek;}{\f820\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 GulimChe Tur;}{\f823\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 GulimChe Baltic;}{\f828\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @GulimChe Western;}{\f826\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @GulimChe CE;}
{\f827\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @GulimChe Cyr;}{\f829\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @GulimChe Greek;}{\f830\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @GulimChe Tur;}{\f833\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @GulimChe Baltic;}{\f838\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Dotum Western;}
{\f836\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Dotum CE;}{\f837\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Dotum Cyr;}{\f839\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Dotum Greek;}{\f840\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Dotum Tur;}{\f843\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Dotum Baltic;}
{\f848\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 DotumChe Western;}{\f846\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 DotumChe CE;}{\f847\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 DotumChe Cyr;}{\f849\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 DotumChe Greek;}{\f850\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 DotumChe Tur;}
{\f853\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 DotumChe Baltic;}{\f858\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @DotumChe Western;}{\f856\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @DotumChe CE;}{\f857\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @DotumChe Cyr;}{\f859\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @DotumChe Greek;}
{\f860\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @DotumChe Tur;}{\f863\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @DotumChe Baltic;}{\f866\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Impact CE;}{\f867\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Impact Cyr;}{\f869\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Impact Greek;}
{\f870\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Impact Tur;}{\f873\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Impact Baltic;}{\f916\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Lucida Console CE;}{\f917\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Lucida Console Cyr;}{\f919\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Lucida Console Greek;}
{\f920\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Lucida Console Tur;}{\f928\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Malgun Gothic Western;}{\f938\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Malgun Gothic Western;}{\f948\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Meiryo Western;}{\f946\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Meiryo CE;}
{\f947\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Meiryo Cyr;}{\f949\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Meiryo Greek;}{\f950\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Meiryo Tur;}{\f953\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Meiryo Baltic;}{\f958\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Meiryo Western;}
{\f956\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Meiryo CE;}{\f957\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Meiryo Cyr;}{\f959\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Meiryo Greek;}{\f960\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Meiryo Tur;}{\f963\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Meiryo Baltic;}
{\f968\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Meiryo UI Western;}{\f966\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Meiryo UI CE;}{\f967\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Meiryo UI Cyr;}{\f969\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Meiryo UI Greek;}{\f970\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Meiryo UI Tur;}
{\f973\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Meiryo UI Baltic;}{\f978\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Meiryo UI Western;}{\f976\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Meiryo UI CE;}{\f977\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Meiryo UI Cyr;}{\f979\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Meiryo UI Greek;}
{\f980\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Meiryo UI Tur;}{\f983\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Meiryo UI Baltic;}{\f998\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Microsoft JhengHei Western;}{\f999\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft JhengHei Greek;}
{\f1008\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Microsoft JhengHei Western;}{\f1009\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Microsoft JhengHei Greek;}{\f1018\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 Microsoft YaHei Western;}{\f1016\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft YaHei CE;}
{\f1017\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft YaHei Cyr;}{\f1019\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft YaHei Greek;}{\f1020\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft YaHei Tur;}{\f1028\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Microsoft YaHei Western;}
{\f1026\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Microsoft YaHei CE;}{\f1027\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Microsoft YaHei Cyr;}{\f1029\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Microsoft YaHei Greek;}{\f1030\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Microsoft YaHei Tur;}
{\f1038\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MingLiU Western;}{\f1048\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @PMingLiU Western;}{\f1058\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 MingLiU_HKSCS Western;}{\f1068\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @MingLiU_HKSCS Western;}
{\f1078\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 MingLiU-ExtB Western;}{\f1088\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @MingLiU-ExtB Western;}{\f1098\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 PMingLiU-ExtB Western;}{\f1108\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @PMingLiU-ExtB Western;}
{\f1118\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB Western;}{\f1128\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB Western;}{\f1148\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Gothic Western;}{\f1146\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Gothic CE;}
{\f1147\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Gothic Cyr;}{\f1149\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Gothic Greek;}{\f1150\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Gothic Tur;}{\f1153\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1158\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 MS PGothic Western;}{\f1156\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 MS PGothic CE;}{\f1157\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f1159\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 MS PGothic Greek;}{\f1160\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 MS PGothic Tur;}
{\f1163\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f1168\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS PGothic Western;}{\f1166\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS PGothic CE;}{\f1167\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS PGothic Cyr;}{\f1169\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS PGothic Greek;}
{\f1170\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS PGothic Tur;}{\f1173\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS PGothic Baltic;}{\f1178\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Western;}{\f1176\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 MS UI Gothic CE;}
{\f1177\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f1179\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Greek;}{\f1180\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f1183\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 MS UI Gothic Baltic;}
{\f1188\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Western;}{\f1186\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic CE;}{\f1187\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Cyr;}{\f1189\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Greek;}
{\f1190\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Tur;}{\f1193\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS UI Gothic Baltic;}{\f1198\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @MS Mincho Western;}{\f1196\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 @MS Mincho CE;}
{\f1197\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 @MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f1199\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 @MS Mincho Greek;}{\f1200\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 @MS Mincho Tur;}{\f1203\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 @MS Mincho Baltic;}
{\f1208\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 MS PMincho Western;}{\f1206\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 MS PMincho CE;}{\f1207\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f1209\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 MS PMincho Greek;}{\f1210\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 MS PMincho Tur;}
{\f1213\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f1218\froman\fcharset0\fprq2 @MS PMincho Western;}{\f1216\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 @MS PMincho CE;}{\f1217\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 @MS PMincho Cyr;}{\f1219\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 @MS PMincho Greek;}
{\f1220\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 @MS PMincho Tur;}{\f1223\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 @MS PMincho Baltic;}{\f1246\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Nyala CE;}{\f1250\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Nyala Tur;}{\f1253\fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Nyala Baltic;}
{\f1276\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe Script CE;}{\f1277\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe Script Cyr;}{\f1279\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe Script Greek;}{\f1280\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe Script Tur;}
{\f1283\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe Script Baltic;}{\f1286\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI CE;}{\f1287\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Cyr;}{\f1289\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Greek;}{\f1290\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Tur;}
{\f1292\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Segoe UI (Arabic);}{\f1293\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Baltic;}{\f1294\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI (Vietnamese);}{\f1296\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold CE;}
{\f1297\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold Cyr;}{\f1299\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold Greek;}{\f1300\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold Tur;}{\f1303\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold Baltic;}
{\f1304\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI Semibold (Vietnamese);}{\f1306\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe UI Light CE;}{\f1307\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe UI Light Cyr;}{\f1309\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe UI Light Greek;}
{\f1310\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe UI Light Tur;}{\f1313\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe UI Light Baltic;}{\f1314\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Segoe UI Light (Vietnamese);}{\f1328\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2 @SimSun Western;}
{\f1338\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 NSimSun Western;}{\f1348\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @NSimSun Western;}{\f1358\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 SimSun-ExtB Western;}{\f1368\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @SimSun-ExtB Western;}
{\f1406\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif CE;}{\f1407\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Cyr;}{\f1409\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Greek;}{\f1410\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Tur;}
{\f1411\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Hebrew);}{\f1412\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Arabic);}{\f1413\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif Baltic;}
{\f1414\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Vietnamese);}{\f1415\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Microsoft Sans Serif (Thai);}{\f1426\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Ebrima CE;}{\f1430\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Ebrima Tur;}
{\f1433\fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Ebrima Baltic;}{\f1441\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Gisha (Hebrew);}{\f1465\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Leelawadee (Thai);}{\f1472\fbidi \fnil\fcharset178\fprq2 Microsoft Uighur (Arabic);}
{\f1512\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Andalus (Arabic);}{\f1516\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Arabic Typesetting CE;}{\f1520\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Arabic Typesetting Tur;}{\f1522\fbidi \fscript\fcharset178\fprq2 Arabic Typesetting (Arabic);}
{\f1523\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Arabic Typesetting Baltic;}{\f1532\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Simplified Arabic (Arabic);}{\f1542\fbidi \fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Simplified Arabic Fixed (Arabic);}{\f1546\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Sakkal Majalla CE;}
{\f1550\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Sakkal Majalla Tur;}{\f1552\fbidi \fnil\fcharset178\fprq2 Sakkal Majalla (Arabic);}{\f1553\fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Sakkal Majalla Baltic;}{\f1562\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Traditional Arabic (Arabic);}
{\f1648\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 FangSong Western;}{\f1658\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @FangSong Western;}{\f1668\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @SimHei Western;}{\f1678\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 KaiTi Western;}{\f1688\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1 @KaiTi Western;}
{\f1705\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 AngsanaUPC (Thai);}{\f1715\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 Browallia New (Thai);}{\f1725\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 BrowalliaUPC (Thai);}{\f1735\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 CordiaUPC (Thai);}
{\f1745\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 DilleniaUPC (Thai);}{\f1755\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 EucrosiaUPC (Thai);}{\f1765\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 FreesiaUPC (Thai);}{\f1775\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 IrisUPC (Thai);}
{\f1785\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 JasmineUPC (Thai);}{\f1795\froman\fcharset222\fprq2 KodchiangUPC (Thai);}{\f1805\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 LilyUPC (Thai);}{\f1808\fscript\fcharset0\fprq1 DFKai-SB Western;}
{\f1818\fscript\fcharset0\fprq1 @DFKai-SB Western;}{\f1826\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode CE;}{\f1827\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Cyr;}{\f1829\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Greek;}
{\f1830\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Tur;}{\f1831\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode (Hebrew);}{\f1833\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Lucida Sans Unicode Baltic;}{\f1836\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial Black CE;}
{\f1837\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Black Cyr;}{\f1839\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Black Greek;}{\f1840\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Black Tur;}{\f1843\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Black Baltic;}{\f1846\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}
{\f1847\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}{\f1849\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\f1850\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\f1853\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}{\f1854\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}
{\f1856\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\f1857\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}{\f1859\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\f1860\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\f1863\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\f1864\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\f1866\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria Math CE;}{\f1867\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Math Cyr;}{\f1869\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Math Greek;}
{\f1870\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Math Tur;}{\f1873\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Math Baltic;}{\f1874\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria Math (Vietnamese);}{\f1876\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Candara CE;}
{\f1877\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Candara Cyr;}{\f1879\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Candara Greek;}{\f1880\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Candara Tur;}{\f1883\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Candara Baltic;}{\f1884\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Candara (Vietnamese);}
{\f1886\fscript\fcharset238\fprq2 Comic Sans MS CE;}{\f1887\fscript\fcharset204\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Cyr;}{\f1889\fscript\fcharset161\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Greek;}{\f1890\fscript\fcharset162\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Tur;}
{\f1893\fscript\fcharset186\fprq2 Comic Sans MS Baltic;}{\f1896\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Consolas CE;}{\f1897\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Consolas Cyr;}{\f1899\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Consolas Greek;}{\f1900\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Consolas Tur;}
{\f1903\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Consolas Baltic;}{\f1904\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Consolas (Vietnamese);}{\f1906\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Constantia CE;}{\f1907\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Constantia Cyr;}
{\f1909\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Constantia Greek;}{\f1910\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Constantia Tur;}{\f1913\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Constantia Baltic;}{\f1914\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Constantia (Vietnamese);}{\f1916\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Corbel CE;}
{\f1917\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Corbel Cyr;}{\f1919\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Corbel Greek;}{\f1920\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Corbel Tur;}{\f1923\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Corbel Baltic;}{\f1924\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Corbel (Vietnamese);}
{\f1926\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium CE;}{\f1927\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cyr;}{\f1929\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Greek;}{\f1930\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Tur;}
{\f1933\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Baltic;}{\f1936\fdecor\fcharset238\fprq2 Gabriola CE;}{\f1937\fdecor\fcharset204\fprq2 Gabriola Cyr;}{\f1939\fdecor\fcharset161\fprq2 Gabriola Greek;}{\f1940\fdecor\fcharset162\fprq2 Gabriola Tur;}
{\f1943\fdecor\fcharset186\fprq2 Gabriola Baltic;}{\f1946\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Georgia CE;}{\f1947\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Georgia Cyr;}{\f1949\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Georgia Greek;}{\f1950\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Georgia Tur;}
{\f1953\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Georgia Baltic;}{\f1956\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Palatino Linotype CE;}{\f1957\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Cyr;}{\f1959\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Greek;}
{\f1960\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Tur;}{\f1963\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Palatino Linotype Baltic;}{\f1964\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Palatino Linotype (Vietnamese);}{\f1966\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2 Segoe Print CE;}
{\f1967\fnil\fcharset204\fprq2 Segoe Print Cyr;}{\f1969\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2 Segoe Print Greek;}{\f1970\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2 Segoe Print Tur;}{\f1973\fnil\fcharset186\fprq2 Segoe Print Baltic;}{\f1976\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Trebuchet MS CE;}
{\f1977\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Cyr;}{\f1979\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Greek;}{\f1980\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Tur;}{\f1983\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Trebuchet MS Baltic;}{\f1986\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Verdana CE;}
{\f1987\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Verdana Cyr;}{\f1989\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Verdana Greek;}{\f1990\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Verdana Tur;}{\f1993\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Verdana Baltic;}{\f1994\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Verdana (Vietnamese);}
{\f2008\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 chs_boot Western;}{\f2018\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @chs_boot Western;}{\f2028\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 cht_boot Western;}{\f2038\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @cht_boot Western;}{\f2048\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 jpn_boot Western;}
{\f2046\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 jpn_boot CE;}{\f2047\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 jpn_boot Cyr;}{\f2049\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 jpn_boot Greek;}{\f2050\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 jpn_boot Tur;}{\f2053\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 jpn_boot Baltic;}
{\f2058\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @jpn_boot Western;}{\f2056\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @jpn_boot CE;}{\f2057\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @jpn_boot Cyr;}{\f2059\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @jpn_boot Greek;}{\f2060\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @jpn_boot Tur;}
{\f2063\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @jpn_boot Baltic;}{\f2068\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 kor_boot Western;}{\f2066\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 kor_boot CE;}{\f2067\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 kor_boot Cyr;}{\f2069\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 kor_boot Greek;}
{\f2070\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 kor_boot Tur;}{\f2073\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 kor_boot Baltic;}{\f2078\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @kor_boot Western;}{\f2076\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @kor_boot CE;}{\f2077\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @kor_boot Cyr;}
{\f2079\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @kor_boot Greek;}{\f2080\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @kor_boot Tur;}{\f2083\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @kor_boot Baltic;}{\f2086\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 wgl4_boot CE;}{\f2087\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 wgl4_boot Cyr;}
{\f2089\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 wgl4_boot Greek;}{\f2090\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 wgl4_boot Tur;}{\f2128\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Western;}{\f2126\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS CE;}
{\f2127\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Cyr;}{\f2129\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Greek;}{\f2130\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Tur;}{\f2131\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Hebrew);}
{\f2132\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Arabic);}{\f2133\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS Baltic;}{\f2134\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Vietnamese);}{\f2135\fswiss\fcharset222\fprq2 @Arial Unicode MS (Thai);}
{\f2230\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bodoni MT Poster Compressed Tur;}{\f2236\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Book Antiqua CE;}{\f2237\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Book Antiqua Cyr;}{\f2239\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Book Antiqua Greek;}
{\f2240\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Book Antiqua Tur;}{\f2243\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Book Antiqua Baltic;}{\f2246\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Bookman Old Style CE;}{\f2247\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Cyr;}
{\f2249\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Greek;}{\f2250\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Tur;}{\f2253\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Bookman Old Style Baltic;}{\f2336\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Gothic CE;}
{\f2337\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Gothic Cyr;}{\f2339\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Gothic Greek;}{\f2340\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Gothic Tur;}{\f2343\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Gothic Baltic;}
{\f2346\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Century Schoolbook CE;}{\f2347\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Century Schoolbook Cyr;}{\f2349\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Century Schoolbook Greek;}{\f2350\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Century Schoolbook Tur;}
{\f2353\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Century Schoolbook Baltic;}{\f2516\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book CE;}{\f2517\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Cyr;}{\f2519\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Greek;}
{\f2520\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Tur;}{\f2523\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Book Baltic;}{\f2526\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi CE;}{\f2527\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cyr;}
{\f2529\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Greek;}{\f2530\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Tur;}{\f2533\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Baltic;}{\f2536\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cond CE;}
{\f2537\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Cyr;}{\f2539\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Greek;}{\f2540\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Tur;}
{\f2543\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Demi Cond Baltic;}{\f2546\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Heavy CE;}{\f2547\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Heavy Cyr;}{\f2549\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Heavy Greek;}
{\f2550\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Heavy Tur;}{\f2553\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Heavy Baltic;}{\f2556\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond CE;}{\f2557\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Cyr;}
{\f2559\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Greek;}{\f2560\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Tur;}{\f2563\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Franklin Gothic Medium Cond Baltic;}{\f2586\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Garamond CE;}
{\f2587\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Garamond Cyr;}{\f2589\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Garamond Greek;}{\f2590\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Garamond Tur;}{\f2593\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Garamond Baltic;}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Report Information from ProQuest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par April 12 2013 08:45
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 1. Bold On Both Ends}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 1 of 90
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Brooks, David
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 12 Apr 2013: A.27.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 11 Apr 2013: A.22.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Broad, William J
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 10 Apr 2013: A.15.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, John
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Apr 2013: BU.15.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Apr 2013: A.10.
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6. As Federal Furloughs Loom, Self-Sacrifice Is All the Rage in Washington}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 6 of 90
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Peters, Jeremy W
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Apr 2013: A.14.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Reuters
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Apr 2013: B.8.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Apr 2013: A.16.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Baker, Peter; Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stockman, David A
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Peters, Jeremy W
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Mar 2013: A.17.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Parker, Ashley
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Mar 2013: A.18.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Mar 2013: A.26.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Mar 2013: A.16.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 18. It's Lose-Lose vs. Win-Win-Win-Win-Win}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Friedman, Thomas L
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Mar 2013: SR.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Preston{\*\xmlclose}, Julia
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: A.20.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 21. Economy Rolls Along, Despite Cuts And Taxes}}}
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, Nelson D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: B.1.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 22. Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend}}}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pear, Robert
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 14 Mar 2013: A.22.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 23. Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military}}}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sanger, David E; Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 11 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, Nelson D; Appelbaum, Binyamin
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 09 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Johnson, Kirk
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 26. A Budget Delayed, to Little G.O.P. Sympathy}}}
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Mar 2013: A.17.
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27. House G.O.P. Plans a Budget That Retains Tax Increases and Medicare Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 27 of 90
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 28. Amid Cuts, Does a President Dare Tee Off?}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.26.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Mar 2013: A.8.
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Parker, Ashley
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Mar 2013: A.16.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.24.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.25.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stevenson, Richard W
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.12.
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37. As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 37 of 90
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.13.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Trip Gabriel
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 03 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Harwood, John
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Blow, Charles M
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Parker, Ashley
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Many Steps to Be Taken When 'Sequester' Is Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Mar 2013: A.12.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.1.
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46. Obama Aims to Make G.O.P. Seem at Fault for Stalemate's Pain}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 46 of 90
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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47. Budget Cuts Are Just the First Shots in a Long Battle Ahead}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 47 of 90
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Battle{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Ahead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stevenson, Richard W
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 48. Nearing D-Day on the Budget Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Nearing D-Day on the Budget Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.28.
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49. As Budget Cuts Loom, Austerity Has Killed Off Government Jobs}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 49 of 90
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Appelbaum, Binyamin
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Semple, Kirk
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Broder, John M
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Brooks, David
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.25.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sharkey, Joe
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: B.6.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 58. Quotation of the Day}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.2.
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op in Aid to States}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 59 of 90
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pear, Robert
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 60. In Impasse, New York Would Face Steep Cuts}}}
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Would Face Steep Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Hernandez, Raymond
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 62. Fault-Finding Grows Intense As Cuts Near}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 63. Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare 
To Detail Reductions}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 63 of 90
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare To Detail Reductions}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.18.
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 64. White House Uses Air Delays As Budget Prod}}}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 White House Uses Air Delays As Budget Prod}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 65. Fear of U.S. Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cooper, Michael
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Blow, Charles M
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Zeleny, Jeff; Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.22.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Krugman, Paul
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Appelbaum, Binyamin; Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Feb 2013: B.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
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76. Dire Forecast on Effects of Budget Cuts, but Timing Is Disputed}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 76 of 90
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Dire Forecast on Effects of Budget Cuts, but Timing Is Disputed}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Cooper, Michael
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.22.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 78. Old and Rich? Less Help for You}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Levin, Yuval
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 79. Talk of a Retailer Merger Cheers Markets}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Associated Press
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: B.9.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 80. Jumping Aboard the Train, As if There Won't Be Another}
}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 80 of 90
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sommer, Jeff
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16530451 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Feb 2013: BU.5.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Friedman, Thomas L
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Feb 2013: SR.1.
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Feb 2013: SR.10.
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83. Senate Democrats Offer a Proposal to Head Off Automatic Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 83 of 90
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 15 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 14 Feb 2013: B.1.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 85. Kick That Can}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Krugman, Paul
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Feb 2013: A.27.
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\ltrch\fcs0 \v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 86. President Urges Congress to Act to Stave Off Cuts}}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Report Information from ProQuest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par April 12 2013 08:32
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 1. Bold On Both Ends}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 1 of 90
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Brooks, David
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 12 Apr 2013: A.27.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Here, too, we could build on the ideas in the Obama budget, like chained Consumer Price Index for Social Security and the expansion of means-testing for Medicare. Combine Medicare Parts A and B and further limiting Medigap plans in 
order to induce seniors to make more cost-conscious decisions. 
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%20Commentary&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-04-12&volume=&issue=&spage=A.27&au=Brooks,%20David&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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0051}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 It's time t
o entertain the possibility that President Obama is a right-wing extremist. After all, look at where he's taking the country over his second term. We're living in a country where 53 percent of children born to women under 30 are born out of wedlock, accor
d
ing to government data. Millions of people, especially men, are dropping out of the labor force. Nearly half the students who begin college are unable to graduate within six years. The social fabric for people without college degrees is in shambles. Yet P
r
esident Obama is not offering proposals commensurate with those problems. Under his budget, domestic discretionary spending would be lower as a share of G.D.P. than it was under Reagan, both Bushes and Nixon. When it comes to this category, Obama's budget
 would take us back to Eisenhower levels. The president is increasing total revenues to a historically high 20 percent of G.D.P. by 2023. Federal spending would remain at a way-above-average 22 percent of G.D.P. But {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Washington{\*\xmlclose} still can't seem to devote enough money to address the challenges faced by the less-educated and ease the segmentation of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. That's true even after you account for the domestic programs that are outside the discretionary budget category and have their own 
funding stream, like the new early childhood initiative. I generally come to celebrate, not criticize, this budget. Obama has the guts to take on special interests in his own party. He works hard to reduce inequality. He understands that entitlement progr
a
ms represent a fundamental threat to the sustainability of the welfare state. He understands that politics can only work if the president transcends his base and builds a majority coalition. His budget should put to rest those crazy claims that he is some
 sort of Norwegian socialist. But being moderate means throwing away ideological blinders and facing reality. Right now, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 faces two giant problems: social unraveling today and cataclysmic debt tomorrow. This budget takes small step
s to address both problems when big strides are needed. So where do we go from here? That's easy. First, we have the same kabuki debate we've been having for the past few decades. This debate is organized around the following trade-off: more revenue in ex
c
hange for more spending cuts. This debate will probably go nowhere. Republicans feel as if they've already given away the store on new revenue, so they are not going to be compromising. President Obama needs to show Democrats that this budget is the endpo
i
nt, not a starting point, for a further rightward drift. He doesn't have much room to compromise either. The kabuki debate will probably end, as it usually does, with gridlock and name-calling. But then we can move on to Debate B. This debate would be org
a
nized around a different trade-off -- not a balance between taxing and spending, but a balance between greater discretionary spending in exchange for structural entitlement reform. In this framework, Democrats would get a lot of the good ideas that are in
 
the Obama budget, but they'd be bigger and more aggressive. We'd take the pre-k initiative, the spending on scientific research and the infrastructure spending. But then we'd throw on top other programs. Make more men marriageable (by helping them earn a 
r
eliable wage). Rebind the social fabric in atomized communities (social entrepreneurship funds). Maybe expand a national service program to give more young adults discipline, orientation and connections. Republicans would get structural entitlement reform
.
 Here, too, we could build on the ideas in the Obama budget, like chained Consumer Price Index for Social Security and the expansion of means-testing for Medicare. Then we could throw on other modest structural reforms: Combine Medicare Parts A and B and 
f
urther limiting Medigap plans in order to induce seniors to make more cost-conscious decisions. Repair federal pensions and the disability system. Means test Social Security and raise the Medicare eligibility age for affluent workers. This deal wouldn't r
e
present the moderation of the mushy middle. It would represent muscular moderation that is bold on both ends. Persuade majorities that discretionary spending is not just foreign aid and earmarks. It's the government's best shot at boosting social mobility
. Remind Americans that their country can't be a rising nation if we have an entitlements system fit for an aging and declining one. Right now, we are the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}North Korea
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} of fiscal policy. We're living under the insane sequester that cuts tho
se programs we should be increasing and spares exactly those old-age programs we should be reforming. Both parties should have incentive to get to a new fiscal regime. Party leaders could postpone the debate about tax revenues. They could accept higher de
ficits short term. Most important, they could embrace a deal-making framework that would direct attention toward urgent needs: discretionary programs for now, structural entitlement reforms that accumulate over time. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Social entrepreneurship; Presidents; Medicare
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.27
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Apr 12, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The President's Budget}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 11 Apr 2013: A.22.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
President Obama knew full well that many Democrats and liberals would be sharply critical of his decision to prop
ose reducing the Social Security cost-of-living adjustment, one of the centerpieces of his 2014 budget, which was released on Wednesday. In fact, he was counting on it. He wanted to show that he was willing to antagonize his supporters to get a budget com
p
romise, putting Republicans on the spot to do the same. Naturally, Republicans refused. Curbing the rise of Social Security benefits and raising Medicare premiums for higher-income people were two of the highest priorities for Republican leaders just a fe
w
 months ago. Senator Mitch McConnell, the minority leader, said last fall that if Mr. Obama proposed them, he would consider allowing tax revenue to go up. But, on Wednesday, when the president actually did so, Mr. McConnell dismissed the budget as unseri
o
us. Not a single Congressional Republican could be found to consider a budget that combines twice as much in spending cuts as it raises in tax revenues. The Social Security proposal remains a bad idea, and, as this page has explained, it could hurt vulner
a
ble retirees and stymie better ideas to improve the system, like raising the wage cap subject to the payroll tax. But it seems unlikely to happen if Mr. Obama holds to his demand for more revenues in exchange, given the Republican intransigence. For now, 
i
t has served its purpose -- no one will be able to accuse Mr. Obama of refusing to touch entitlements, and no one can credit Republicans for being at all serious about a deficit-reduction compromise. Rejecting the president's budget also means passing ove
r
 a host of good ideas -- chief among them, replacing the arbitrary and damaging sequestration cuts with more sensible reductions, along with ways to make the rich pay a larger share of revenues. The plan would cut spending by about $1.2 trillion over a de
c
ade, which is more than is necessary and more than Mr. Obama previously offered. The cuts include $306 billion from Medicare providers by relying more on generic drugs and demanding greater efficiencies from doctors and hospitals. Drug companies would hav
e
 to pay a much larger share of the costs borne by low-income Medicare recipients. Farm subsidies would be cut by $38 billion, and spending on the military, the State Department and homeland security would also be reduced. Couples with incomes starting at 
a
bout $170,000 a year would have to pay about 5 percentage points more for Medicare premiums. And there would be several other significant tax increases: The carried-interest tax break used by wealthy hedge fund operators would rise to ordinary-income leve
l
s, overall tax breaks for couples making more than $250,000 would be reduced, and a "Buffett Rule" that would ensure that millionaires pay at least 30 percent of their income in taxes. The federal cigarette tax would almost double to $1.95 a pack. Collect
i
vely, new revenues would bring in about $600 billion in a decade. Much of that would help pay for needed new spending, including $166 billion for public works and $77 billion for early-childhood education. Mr. Obama reiterated his call to use investments 
i
n research and manufacturing to spur growth, particularly in high-skill jobs. It is clear that the incessant demands by Republicans for entitlement cuts were always hollow; some have already said the budget hurts older people. The growing impact of the se
quester cuts will also make it clear that Republicans are rejecting a far more rational way to govern. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Social security; Medicare; Budgets; Cost of living adjustments
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 McConnell, Mitch
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.22
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Apr 11, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Editorial
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Broad, William J
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 10 Apr 2013: A.15.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
President Obama stressed this importance in his State of the Union address, the letter said, adding that Representative Eric Cantor of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the R
epublican majority leader, emphasized it in a recent speech at the American Enterprise Institute. 
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
More than 50 Nobel laureates are urging Congress to spare the federal science establishment from the looming budget cuts known as the sequester, saying that research has endured years of budget reductions and that additional c
uts could endanger "the innovation engine that is essential to our economy." The open letter was written by Burton Richter, a 1976 Nobel laureate in physics at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Stanford{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Linear{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Accelerator{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California
{\*\xmlclose}, and organized by the Federation of American Scientists, a private group in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. The group is making the letter public on Wednesday. The Nobel laureates said their concern was not for themselves, since they would have the upper hand in any c
ompetition for scarce federal dollars, but for younger scientists who might be poised to produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow. "We urge you," they wrote Congress, "to keep the budgets of the agencies that support science at a level that will keep the pip
elines full." The next generation, they added, will determine "our economic vitality" in the future. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} is the pre-eminent sponsor of basic research in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, disbursing billions of dollars to universities, contra
ctors and federal centers. The Defense Department receives the largest share of the overall research financing, followed by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Energy Department. Between 2009 and 2012, the federal financing of research and
 
development dropped 18 percent, to $140.6 billion from $172.5 billion, according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The science association says the budget cuts would lower this year's research and development budget an additional
 6 percent, to about $131 billion. The letter from Dr. Richter and the other laureates gave no budget numbers but said the overall federal science budget "has steadily fallen over the years, while our rivals in Europe and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}Asia{\*\xmlclose} invest more." It added that traditional partisans in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 had agreed on the importance of federal financing of long-term scientific research. President Obama stressed this importance in his State of the Union address, the letter said, adding that Representative Eric Cantor of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the Republican majority leader, emphasized it in a recent speech at the American Enterprise Institute. "The agreement exists," the letter said, "because of recognition that this sort of research fuels the innovation engine t
hat is essential to our economy." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Research & development--R&D; State of the Union Address; Budgets; Defense contracts

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}California
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Burton{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Cantor, Eric
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research; NAICS: 541720; Name: American Association for the Advancement of Science; NAICS: 813920; Name: Department of Health & Human Services; NAICS: 923120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.15
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 4. The Kitchen-Table Sequester}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Kitchen-Table Sequester}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, John
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Apr 2013: BU.15.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Representative Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican, was so angry about the suspension of White House tours that he tried to amend a measure to keep the president from spending federal money on his golf out
ings unless the tours were restored. First things first: I canceled tours of our home. 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 KNOW who's really great? Our elected representatives in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, that's who. Like almost everyone else, I'm thrilled by the way things are going in our nation's capital, and wish that I could fashion myself to more closely resemble 
those paragons of -- What? You don't agree? Let me check the polling data. Whoa. Well, well. It seems that almost nobody agrees with me. Last month, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} measured the approval rating of Congress at 13 percent; for all of last year, the average was 15 percent. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 oh-so-politely notes that such figures "leave little room for a further drop." We believers in Congress don't much outnumber those who believe the moon landings were faked. So maybe it's just me -- and, apparently it is -- bu
t I just love what these folks in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 have done with the budgetary process. Especially the sequestration part! You know how it happened: the White House and Congress were deadlocked on ways to reduce budget deficits, so they agreed to a wa
y to break the logjam. Across-the-board spending cuts would go into effect this year if they couldn't finally get to Yes. The idea was that such cuts would be unthinkable -- so dire a threat that the players would eventually come to some kind of agreement
. But, of course, they didn't. So the unthinkable became the unstoppable, because, apparently, nothing is unthinkable in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 any more. Or maybe nothing is thought through. It's hard to say. Today, the effects of this so-called sequester are
 being felt in big and small ways nationwide. Some 70,000 children could be bounced from the Head Start program. White House tours have been suspended. The Blue Angels and other military demonstration teams have been ordered to stand down, causing many ai
r
 shows to be canceled. Not everyone agrees with all decisions made under sequestration. Representative Louie Gohmert, a Texas Republican, was so angry about the suspension of White House tours that he tried to amend a measure to keep the president from sp
e
nding federal money on his golf outings unless the tours were restored. The idea didn't succeed, but you have to admire the statesmanship. This sequestration business is boldness. This is leadership. It's like a taste of the raw excitement of being ruled 
b
y Kim Jong-un. That's why I've decided to take the logical next step, by applying the wonders of sequestration to my own life and home. I want that kind of boldness in my own finances. As any investment adviser will tell you, it can be more profitable to 
l
imit what you spend than to increase your income by a moderate amount, since you've already paid taxes on the money you spend. And our spending, especially on the family equivalent of entitlements, is certainly out of control. Between college loans and a 
m
ortgage, we may not be in the hole for trillions, the way the government is, but it sure feels close to us. Still, rather than planning, budgeting and carefully balancing income against expenses, I've decided to live like Washington and just drive the fam
i
ly car along the edge of the fiscal cliff, unilaterally imposing cuts on almost everything we do. First things first: I canceled tours of our home. It's no White House -- it's actually kind of beige -- and nobody has ever asked for a tour. But our little 
h
ome has always drawn a fair amount of interest in the neighborhood. (People ask, "You actually bought that house?") If they want to see it now, they'll have to wait till the end of the fiscal year. To please Representative Gohmert, I've also canceled all 
g
olf outings. (I've never played golf, but it's the principle of the thing.) Then I called Bank of America, to unilaterally inform it that we would pay less on our mortgage. I ended up speaking with Dan Frahm, a senior vice president at the company. But he
 
did not seem impressed with my genius plan. "If somebody is experiencing hard times, and that can be documented, then there are options available to help them potentially reduce their payments," he explained. To him, though, what I was proposing sounded d
i
fferent. "If somebody is just making an across-the-board decision that they are going to make a lower payment than they have a contractual agreement to do," he said, "that leads down another path, potentially leading to foreclosure." That didn't sound muc
h like the patriotic spirit I had been hoping to encounter. After all, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 had made decisions and commitments on all of its spending, and was now cutting back. Why couldn't I? Where was my ability to wave some kind of fiscal magic wand? Cle
arly, there's more to this sequester business than I have understood. I went back to my abacus. So much for the easy cuts. It was time to get serious. I explained the situation to my younger son, Joseph, and told him, "You're going to have to find a way t
o
 be 18 percent shorter." "Good plan," Joseph smirked. He is 17, and about 5-foot-10. He declined to take part in the Procrustean initiative I had devised. "I so enjoy towering over you," he said. Next, I tried to make the cats understand that they'd have 
t
o make sacrifices via kibble and a less luxurious litter, but they ignored me. I might as well have tried herding them, the spendthrifts. Then I told my wife that there would have to be some changes in our spending habits. She recently noted that the top 
r
ack in the dishwasher was broken, and had considered calling a repair service. Instead, I figured out exactly which part of the dishwasher was broken -- an oddly shaped piece of plastic that kept the rack on its sliding track -- ordered a replacement onli
ne and installed it myself. Budget preserved! This won't work for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, of course, because that piece of plastic, if ordered by the Pentagon, would cost several hundred thousand dollars. But I felt good about making a dent in our own spendin
g habits. Besides, we already try to live frugally. We go by my wife's rule on spending: "We can't afford things unless I really want them." I WAS getting frustrated, though. The real savings have not emerged. Where was our cooperative resolve? Why weren'
t we moving forward? Why couldn't we be more like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}? That's when I realized the truth: we're already a lot like 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Maybe the whole country is. Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Glynis Sweeny) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Head Start project; Budget deficits; Presidents
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Kim Jong Un, Gohmert, Louie
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: National Head Start Association; NAICS: 813910, 624120, 624410
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-04-08
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 F.A.A. Delays Closings of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Towers{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Forced by Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Apr 2013: A.10.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
[...]some pilots said that in its plans to close the towers, the F.A.A. was risking safety in a way that had not occurred since 1981, when t
he agency was forced to close towers because President Ronald Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers who had gone on strike. 
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00}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 LEESBURG, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}
}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The Federal Aviation Administration said Friday that it would delay closing control towers at 149 airpor
ts until June to allow for safety analyses and "to attempt to resolve multiple legal challenges." The closings had been planned as part of a $637 million spending reduction at the agency required under the across-the-board budget cuts known as the sequest
e
r. The towers identified for closing are at fields that handle mostly private planes, corporate jets, aviation schools and minimal airline traffic. The towers' long-term fate is not yet clear. The F.A.A. said that about 50 airport authorities and municipa
l
ities had indicated that if necessary, they would pick up the cost of running the towers themselves. In a statement, Ray LaHood, the transportation secretary, said, "This has been a complex process, and we need to get this right." "Safety is our top prior
i
ty," he said. "We will use this additional time to make sure communities and pilots understand the changes at their local airports." Craig Fuller, the president of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, a group that represents non-airline, nonmilitar
y
 fliers, praised the delay. The F.A.A. announced in March that it was closing towers at the 149 airports, a decision that met with strong protests. Since then, pilots said that their concern was not so much landing and taking off without a tower -- most s
m
all airports never had one in the first place -- as getting used to operating without one. At a "non-towered" airport, pilots announce their intentions on a pre-established radio frequency and listen to other pilots do the same thing, and then are able to
 
maintain a mental map of other traffic. They fly a set pattern to approach the runway, usually in a "U" shape, at an altitude of about 1,000 feet, with the last turn lining up their aircraft with the runway. At an airport with a tower, a controller assign
s a pilot a specific path so there so there is no need to keep track of the other traffic. "None of these towers are there by happenstance," said Jamie Beckett, a flight instructor in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}Winter Haven{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Fla.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} "A risk was identified." The risk could 
be because of traffic volume or the mix of traffic; Mr. Beckett compared it to the driveway of a school with "20 kids on bicycles, 50 moms in S.U.V.'s and 12 school buses." "You probably need somebody there to direct traffic," he said. At 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Leesburg{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Executive{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which opened 49 years ago and has never had a tower, pilots on Friday described a detailed, almost formulaic etiquette of radioing in at certain stages, and behaving in predictable ways, almost li
ke participants in a square dance. They said operating without a tower worked well as long as everyone cooperated. But some pilots said that in its plans to close the towers, the F.A.A. was risking safety in a way that had not occurred since 1981, when th
e agency was forced to close towers because President Ronald Reagan fired thousands of air traffic controllers who had gone on strike. Some instructors at Leesburg said that there were some nearby airports, like the one in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Frederick{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Md.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, wher
e instructors would not send a student on a solo flight if the tower were shut down. On the tarmac at Leesburg, John A. Somiak, an assistant chief flight instructor at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Av-Ed
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Flight{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}School{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and the chairman of the airport's su
bcommittee on safety, said that at times, he wished his airport had a tower, so that pilots would not have to manage the task of agreeing on a sequence of landings or takeoffs. "It would give us some order on crazy days," he said. "But I don't know who wo
uld pay for it." Photograph Flight Instructors at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Leesburg{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Executive{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Are Used to Operating Without Controllers in a Tower to Guide Them. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Airports; Aviation; Pilots; Etiquette
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 LaHood, Ray
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Federal Aviation Administration--FAA; NAICS: 926120; Name: 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Leesburg{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Executive{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
; NAICS: 488119
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-04-07
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6. As Federal Furloughs Loom, Self-Sacrifice Is All the Rage in Washington}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 6 of 90
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 As Federal Furloughs Loom, Self-Sacrifice Is All the Rage in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Peters, Jeremy W
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Apr 2013: A.14.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
(Like the president and cabinet secretaries, salaries of the House and Senate are set by law.) Eleanor Holmes Norton, who represents the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}District of Columbia{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} and its hundreds of thousands of federal employees, said last month that she would stop collecting her pay for each day federal employees are furloughed. 
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ghs%20Loom,%20Self-Sacrifice%20Is%20All%20the%20Rage%20in%20Washington:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-04-05&volume=&issue=&spage=A.14&au=Peters,%20Jeremy%20W&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:er
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The rush started on Tuesday when the flush new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, announced that he would give back a share of his salary for each day that Pentagon employees are furloughed. On Wednesday, P
resident Obama jumped in with his own show of solidarity by pledging to return to the Treasury 5 percent of his $400,000 salary. By Thursday, the Obama administration's stampede to embrace the politics of self-sacrifice was on. Cabinet secretaries practic
a
lly tripped over themselves to hand over parts of their paycheck as federal workers brace for furloughs because of the across-the-board budget cuts known as the sequester. Secretary of State John Kerry said he would give 5 percent of his $200,000 governme
n
t salary to charity, and the Justice Department said that if its workers are furloughed, Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. would give up his pay for however many days his workers go without a paycheck. Of course, they can well afford it. Mr. Kerry has a
n estimated net worth exceeding $200 million and Mr. Hagel, Mr. Holder and Mr. Obama are all millionaires. But by the end of the day, the merely affluent, at least by {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} standards, were lining up. Janet Napolitano, the homeland security se
cretary who has an estimated net worth between $93,000 and $700,000, will forgo 5 percent of her salary, her office said. Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew, who is worth between $750,000 and $1.7 million, will also give up a portion of his pay, although Tre
a
sury officials would not specify how much. All cabinet secretaries make about $200,000 a year, and the richest of them have multiple millions. Mr. Holder's net worth is estimated between $4 million and $8 million, according to the Center for Responsive Po
l
itics, which calculates the finances of government officials based on publicly available financial disclosure forms. Mr. Hagel's latest financial disclosure documents show millions of dollars in assets in various investment accounts. The Obamas' net worth
 
is estimated somewhere between $2.6 million and $8.3 million, thanks in large part to income from the president's book sales. Still, not all cabinet members were giving themselves pay cuts. Kathleen Sebelius, the health and human services secretary whose 
e
stimated net worth is as high as $5 million, had no plans to reduce her salary because her department was not expecting any furloughs, her office said. A similar dynamic has slowly been playing out on Capitol Hill, where the sequester cuts will affect the
 budgets of Congressional offices but not members' salaries. (Like the president and cabinet secretaries, salaries of the House and Senate are set by law.) Eleanor Holmes Norton, who represents the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}District of Columbia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and its hundreds of thousand
s of federal employees, said last month that she would stop collecting her pay for each day federal employees are furloughed. "If you're a member of Congress, surely the notion of lead by example should not just be a slogan," she said, adding that she wou
l
d not be able to look her colleagues and constituents in the eye if she continued to collect her full salary. "You might feel a little better about seeing them in the elevator if you're sharing in their pain." Members of the House and Senate make $174,000
 
annually. Representative Tammy Duckworth, Democrat of Illinois, has said she would give back 8.4 percent of her pay, an amount roughly equal to the cut that many domestic programs are facing. That was not enough self-sacrifice for Senator Lindsey Graham, 
Republican of South Carolina, who said he was giving up 20 percent of his pay. Senator Mark Begich of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a Democrat who is expected to face a tough re-election race in 2014, said he would return part of his salary to the Treasury. But a call 
to his office to find out how much was met with a voice mail recording saying that sequester cuts had forced it to reduce office resources. There have always been wealthy members like Senator Bob Corker, Republican of Tennessee, who sold off his successfu
l
 real estate and construction businesses, and Representative Scott Rigell, Republican of Virginia, a car dealer, who donate part or all of their federal salaries. But all this newfound altruism is forcing many others into awkward positions. The Republican
 
leadership in the House, which has led the spare-nothing approach to budget cuts, was largely silent. Speaker John A. Boehner's office would not say if he planned to return a portion of his pay. Representative Eric Cantor of Virginia, the majority leader,
 
indicated through a spokeswoman that he had absolved himself from a pay cut because he had sponsored a bill that would have replaced the sequester cuts, although the bill had no chance of becoming law. The Democratic leadership in Congress also had little
 to say on the matter. Representative Nancy Pelosi of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}California{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, who is worth up to $180 million and has spoken out against Congressional pay cuts in the past, did not respond to requests about whether she would follow the president's lead. Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the majority leader, also did not respond to inquiries. Both the president and members of Congress are limited in how they can alter their pay. The president's pay is fixed by Article II of the Constitution, which says th
at any changes he signs into law cannot go into effect while he is in office. The 27th Amendment, which was ratified in 1992, sets the same limits on members of Congress. The thinking behind those measures was to stop rogue lawmakers who would try to give
 
themselves pay increases. Few ever anticipated such a rush to give money back. "The idea was just the opposite," said Thomas E. Mann, a scholar of Congress at the Brookings Institution. Of course, the donations back to the Treasury will do nothing to alle
v
iate the $85 billion in cuts that will result from sequester, a fact that the president's conservative critics are already pointing out. But many of those same conservatives, including Mr. Boehner and Mr. Cantor, trumpeted their own efforts behind the No 
B
udget, No Pay Act, which passed Congress this year and stipulates that members of Congress are not paid until a budget is passed. The Senate and House passed their budgets last month. "It's all symbolism," Mr. Mann added. "But symbolism is often important
.
" Photograph Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, Left, and Secretary of State John Kerry Are Giving Up Some Pay. Kathleen Sebelius, the Health Secretary, Whose Department Is Not Expecting Furloughs, Is Not. (Photographs by Alex Wong/Getty Images; Saul Loeb/Age
nce France-Presse -- Getty Images; Scott Olson/Getty Images) 
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Lew, Jack, Holder, Eric H Jr, Kerry, John F, Norton, Eleanor Holmes, Sebelius, Kathleen, Napolitano, Janet
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON (Reuters) -- The number of Americans filing new claims for unemploymen
t benefits hit a four-month high last week, suggesting that the labor market recovery may have lost some momentum in March. Initial claims for state unemployment benefits increased 28,000 to a seasonally adjusted 385,000, the highest level since November,
 
the Labor Department said on Thursday. It cautioned that the estimate was imprecise because the week included Easter. Economists, who had expected claims to drop to 350,000, said while the rise partly reflected difficulties adjusting the data during the E
a
ster and spring breaks, there was no doubt the pace of job growth had eased. On Friday, the government releases its employment report for March. According to a Reuters survey of economists, employers added 200,000 jobs to their payrolls last month after h
i
ring 236,000 workers in February. The unemployment rate is seen holding steady at 7.7 percent. But a weaker reading is possible after a report from the payroll processor ADP showed that private employers added the fewest jobs in five months in March. Gold
m
an Sachs expects the economy to have created 175,000 jobs last month, noting that the tone of labor market indicators softened in March, especially in light of the so-called government sequester, which is cutting $85 billion in spending. "The sequester is
 likely to slow March payroll growth, and payrolls have outpaced broader measures of labor market improvement over the last few months," said Sven Jari Stehn, an economist at Goldman Sachs. 
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 8. Budget Constraints Forcing an Overhaul in Military Operations, Ha
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budget Constraints Forcing an Overhaul in Military Operations, Hagel Says}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Apr 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Some themes o
f Mr. Hagel's argument to transform the Pentagon and its business practices to meet new fiscal and security challenges echoed a carefully worded case offered by former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, facing inevitable steep cuts in military spendi
ng even as global threats remain high, said Wednesday that he is being forced to consider fundamental changes in how the Pentagon defends American interests and conducts its daily business. In his first major address as defense secretary, Mr. Hagel said a
 
sweeping review that he ordered will seek to rebalance missions assigned to the military with the reduced money available for the Pentagon. The review's findings are to be reported by the end of May. "We need to challenge all past assumptions, and we need
 to put everything on the table," Mr. Hagel declared, warning that previously sacrosanct accounts -- weapons, salaries and benefits, personnel numbers and even how many general and admirals are in service -- will be scrutinized. Addressing an audience at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}National{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Defense{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Mr. Hagel offered no specific cancellations, trims or shifts in Pentagon spending accounts, but he did describe broad categories that will be analyzed for savings. Among them will be the proper mix
 of civilian and military personnel, and the size of the fighting force; the balance between officers and enlisted personnel; and the share of support and administrative duties to be performed by contractors and by troops. Mr. Hagel, who served as an Army
 sergeant in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Vietnam{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, noted that as the military was shrinking, the composition of headquarters staff -- with the three- and four-star generals and admirals -- had not become comparably smaller. Mr. Hagel said that the across-the-board sp
ending cuts called the sequester have had "a disruptive and potentially damaging impact" on American forces, and that they will require the Pentagon to make big cuts to operations and modernization to quickly find savings in this fiscal year. Under the ne
w
 budget negotiated between Congress and President Obama, the Defense Department and the military will have more freedom to shift money within Pentagon accounts to more efficiently manage the automatic cuts, and the Pentagon's reductions would be about $41
 
billion in this fiscal year, down from the previous estimates of $46 billion. Even so, the Defense Department's accounts for military operations and maintenance will face a shortage of at least $22 billion this fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. But Mr. Ha
gel made clear that these reductions would have to be managed while the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 continued to defend against violent extremism, as well as against new risks arriving over computer networks and "vintage" threats like the proliferation of unconventional weapons and the hostile aspirations of regional adversaries. "
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 does not have the luxury of retrenchment," he said. "We have too many global interests at stake, including our security, prosperity and our future. 
If we refuse to lead, something, someone will fill the vacuum. The next great power may not use its power as responsibly or judiciously as {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} has used its power over the decades since World War II." Mr. Hagel's carefully worded case for how and why to shrink the military acknowledged the need to anticipate uncertainty -- and assure that the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is not viewed by adversaries as weak or unprepared. Some themes of Mr. Hagel's argument to transform the Pentago
n and its business practices to meet new fiscal and security challenges echoed a carefully worded case offered by former Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld. That address by Mr. Rumsfeld came on Sept. 10, 2001 -- just 24 hours before Al Qaeda attacks lau
nched the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on a decade of war and expanded military spending and upended any attempts to overhaul the Pentagon. Mr. Hagel, who earned two Purple Hearts in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Vietnam{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, spoke with caution about the use of military force in advancing the nation's agenda, and in tones set by Mr. Obama. "The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} military remains an essential tool of American power, but one that must be used judiciously, with a keen appreciation of its limits," he said. "
Most of the pressing security challenges today have important political, economic and cultural components, and do not necessarily lend themselves to being resolved by conventional military strength." In a clear criticism of some past American national sec
u
rity choices -- but with no specific decisions mentioned -- Mr. Hagel said, "We have made mistakes and miscalculations with our great power." With perhaps both American and foreign audiences in mind, Mr. Hagel nonetheless was unwavering in espousing an ac
tive overseas role for the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, despite fiscal pressures. The Pentagon, he said, "must understand the challenges and uncertainties, plan for the risks, and, yes, recognize the opportunities inherent in budget constraints and mor
e efficient and effective restructuring." He offered the military personnel and national security civilian employees three guidelines for leadership and decision-making: "Does this help protect national security? Is this in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s str
ategic interests, which includes the political, economic and moral dimensions of our interest and our responsibilities? Is this worthy of the service and sacrifice of our men and women in uniform, and their families?" 
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 9. Obama Will Return 5% of Salary in Budget Gesture}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama Will Return 5% of Salary in Budget Gesture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Baker, Peter; Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Apr 2013: A.17.
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"Everybody at the White House and the broader" executive office of the president "is dealing with the consequences both, in many cases, in their own
 personal lives but in how we work here at the White House, which is true across the federal government because of the impact of the sequester," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said Monday. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
President Obama plans to return 5 percent of his salary to the Treasury in solidarity with federal w
orkers who are going to be furloughed as part of the automatic budget cuts known as the sequester, an administration official said Wednesday. The voluntary move would be retroactive to March 1, the official said, and apply through the rest of the fiscal y
e
ar, which ends in September. The White House came up with the 5 percent figure to approximate the level of spending cuts to nondefense federal agencies that took effect that day. "The president has decided that to share in the sacrifice being made by publ
i
c servants across the federal government that are affected by the sequester, he will contribute a portion of his salary back to the Treasury," the official said. Word of the president's decision came a day after Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel and Deputy De
f
ense Secretary Ashton B. Carter disclosed that they would return a share of their salaries commensurate with the pay lost by the department's civilian employees who are expected to be furloughed for 14 days before the end of the fiscal year. The president
 
makes $400,000 a year, so a pay cut of 5 percent for the whole year amounts to $20,000; an administration official said Mr. Obama would pay back that amount, compressing the total over the remaining months of the fiscal year. The president's salary is set
 
by law and cannot be changed during his term, so he will write a check to the government starting this month, the official said. Mr. Obama and his wife, Michelle, reported adjusted gross income of $789,674 in 2011, the last year such figures were publicly
 
available. Much of the additional money came from royalties from his books. The Obamas donated $172,130, or nearly 22 percent of their adjusted gross income, to charity. Mr. Obama gives after-tax proceeds from his children's book to a scholarship fund for
 
children of slain and disabled soldiers. White House officials said this week that several offices under the president had sent furlough notices to workers, including 480 employees of the Office of Management and Budget, which is managing the sequester. T
h
e officials said it had also delayed filling vacant positions and that pay cuts or additional furloughs remained possible for White House employees. Beyond personnel, the White House said it had scaled back purchases of equipment and supplies, curtailed s
t
aff travel and reduced the use of Internet air cards. "Everybody at the White House and the broader" executive office of the president "is dealing with the consequences both, in many cases, in their own personal lives but in how we work here at the White 
H
ouse, which is true across the federal government because of the impact of the sequester," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said Monday. While the pay giveback is a matter of symbolism for a president living in the White House and traveling vi
a
 Air Force One, symbolism has become a political headache for Mr. Obama in times of austerity. Critics have focused on his vacations and golf outings to suggest he remains insulated from the greater budget constraints squeezing much of the rest of governm
ent. The Weekly Standard and Sean Hannity of Fox News, among others, have taken aim at the president's Christmas vacation in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Hawaii{\*\xmlclose} and recent golf trip to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, as well as spring break trips by Mrs. Obama and their daughters, at a time wh
en the White House has been closed to public tours. "They're the administration that loves vacation," Mr. Hannity said on his program this week. In addition to his salary, housing and staff, the president is given a $50,000 expense account and $100,000 fo
r
 travel, the same as his predecessor, President George W. Bush, who also was criticized at times for his vacations. Some of the president's expenses are reimbursed by personal or political accounts. The moves by the president and defense secretary may put
 
pressure on other federal officials to follow suit. The White House would not say whether Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. would give back part of his $230,700 salary. On Wednesday afternoon, even as the president's decision was being reported, Senator 
M
ark Begich, Democrat of Alaska, announced that he also would voluntarily give back part of his salary and that more than half of his staff members would have their pay cut this year even though the sequester does not include members of Congress or their a
ides. Aides to Speaker John A. Boehner and Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the minority leader, declined to say whether the two Republican lawmakers would return a portion of their salaries. This is a more complete version of the story than t
he one that appeared in print. Credit: PETER BAKER and MICHAEL D. SHEAR; Peter Baker reported from Washington, and Michael D. Shear from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Denver{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.17
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Apr 4, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-04-05
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Apr 2013: B.3.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 None available.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON (Reuters) -- Manufacturing expanded at the slowest rate in three months in
 March, suggesting the economy lost some momentum at the end of the first quarter as the effects of tighter fiscal policy started kicking in. Data so far had shown little sign that higher taxes and the $85 billion in across-the-board government spending c
u
ts that took effect March 1, known as the sequester, had weighed on economic activity. "It suggests the economy was probably starting to slow at the end of the quarter, possibly reflecting the impact of the fiscal headwinds coming from sequestration and h
i
gher taxes," said Millan Mulraine, a senior economist at TD Securities. The Institute for Supply Management said on Monday that its index of national factory activity fell to 51.3 last month from 54.2 in February. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in
 
the manufacturing sector. New orders, an indicator of future growth, accounted for much of the drop in the index. The I.S.M. report was at odds with a separate report showing that factories gained steam in March on strong order growth, closing out the bes
t
 quarter for the sector in two years. The financial data firm Markit said its manufacturing purchasing managers index rose to 54.6 last month from 54.3 in February. A reading above 50 indicates expansion. "We are beginning to see where the government spen
d
ing cuts will reduce demand," said Joel L. Naroff, chief economist at Naroff Economic Advisors. "In those sectors and parts of the country that will feel the wrath of sequestration, adjustments are being made." Separately, the Commerce Department reported
 
on Monday that construction spending advanced 1.2 percent in February. Spending declined 2.1 percent in January. The construction report added to a series of other data that has suggested economic growth accelerated in the first quarter from the fourth qu
a
rter's anemic 0.4 percent annual pace. Data on employment, consumer spending, industrial production and housing have been relatively strong. Some economists raised their growth estimates for the January-March period as a result of the construction report.
 
Macroeconomic Advisers lifted its forecast by one-tenth of a point to 3.6 percent. JPMorgan Chase raised its estimate from 2.7 percent to 3.8 percent. Part of the increase reflected strong consumer spending. Construction spending in February was bolstered
 
by a 1.3 percent rise in private construction projects. Spending on private residential projects increased 2.2 percent to the highest level since November 2008. "Housing is catching fire," said Ryan Sweet, a senior economist at Moody's Analytics. "All the
 
conditions are in place for further improvement with housing, even with lingering risks. Housing will keep the economy going forward even with the fiscal constraints." Chart Construction Spending: Total Construction Spending at a Seasonally Adjusted Annua
l Rate. (Source: Commerce Department) 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 B.3
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place}}America}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stockman, David A
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 31 Mar 2013: SR.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Sooner or later -- within a few years, I predict -- this latest Wall Street bubble, inflated by an egregious flood of phony money from the Federal Reserve rather than real economic gains, will explode, too. Since the S.&P. 500 first reached its current le
vel, in March 2000, the mad money printers at the Federal Reserve have expanded their balance sheet sixfold (to $3.2 trillion from $500 billion). 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}GREENWICH
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Conn.The Dow Jones and Standard &Poor's 500 indexes reached record highs on Thursday, having completely erased the losses since the stock market's last peak, in 2007. But instead of cheering, we should be v
ery afraid. Over the last 13 years, the stock market has twice crashed and touched off a recession: American households lost $5 trillion in the 2000 dot-com bust and more than $7 trillion in the 2007 housing crash. Sooner or later -- within a few years, I
 
predict -- this latest Wall Street bubble, inflated by an egregious flood of phony money from the Federal Reserve rather than real economic gains, will explode, too. Since the S.&P. 500 first reached its current level, in March 2000, the mad money printer
s
 at the Federal Reserve have expanded their balance sheet sixfold (to $3.2 trillion from $500 billion). Yet during that stretch, economic output has grown by an average of 1.7 percent a year (the slowest since the Civil War); real business investment has 
c
rawled forward at only 0.8 percent per year; and the payroll job count has crept up at a negligible 0.1 percent annually. Real median family income growth has dropped 8 percent, and the number of full-time middle class jobs, 6 percent. The real net worth 
of the "bottom" 90 percent has dropped by one-fourth. The number of food stamp and disability aid recipients has more than doubled, to 59 million, about one in five Americans. So the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
address}}Main Street{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} economy is failing while {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is 
piling a soaring debt burden on our descendants, unable to rein in either the warfare state or the welfare state or raise the taxes needed to pay the nation's bills. By default, the Fed has resorted to a radical, uncharted spree of money printing. But the
 
flood of liquidity, instead of spurring banks to lend and corporations to spend, has stayed trapped in the canyons of Wall Street, where it is inflating yet another unsustainable bubble. When it bursts, there will be no new round of bailouts like the ones
 the banks got in 2008. Instead, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will descend into an era of zero-sum austerity and virulent political conflict, extinguishing even today's feeble remnants of economic growth. THIS dyspeptic prospect results from the fact that we 
are now state-wrecked. With only brief interruptions, we've had eight decades of increasingly frenetic fiscal and monetary policy activism intended to counter the cyclical bumps and grinds of the free market and its purported tendency to underproduce jobs
 
and economic output. The toll has been heavy. As the federal government and its central-bank sidekick, the Fed, have groped for one goal after another -- smoothing out the business cycle, minimizing inflation and unemployment at the same time, rolling out
 
a giant social insurance blanket, promoting homeownership, subsidizing medical care, propping up old industries (agriculture, automobiles) and fostering new ones ("clean" energy, biotechnology) and, above all, bailing out Wall Street -- they have now succ
u
mbed to overload, overreach and outside capture by powerful interests. The modern Keynesian state is broke, paralyzed and mired in empty ritual incantations about stimulating "demand," even as it fosters a mutant crony capitalism that periodically lavishe
s
 the top 1 percent with speculative windfalls. The culprits are bipartisan, though you'd never guess that from the blather that passes for political discourse these days. The state-wreck originated in 1933, when Franklin D. Roosevelt opted for fiat money 
(
currency not fundamentally backed by gold), economic nationalism and capitalist cartels in agriculture and industry. Under the exigencies of World War II (which did far more to end the Depression than the New Deal did), the state got hugely bloated, but r
e
markably, the bloat was put into brief remission during a midcentury golden era of sound money and fiscal rectitude with Dwight D. Eisenhower in the White House and William McChesney Martin Jr. at the Fed. Then came Lyndon B. Johnson's "guns and butter" e
x
cesses, which were intensified over one perfidious weekend at Camp David, Md., in 1971, when Richard M. Nixon essentially defaulted on the nation's debt obligations by finally ending the convertibility of gold to the dollar. That one act -- arguably a sin
 graver than Watergate -- meant the end of national financial discipline and the start of a four-decade spree during which we have lived high on the hog, running a cumulative $8 trillion current-account deficit. In effect, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} underwe
nt an internal leveraged buyout, raising our ratio of total debt (public and private) to economic output to about 3.6 from its historic level of about 1.6. Hence the $30 trillion in excess debt (more than half the total debt, $56 trillion) that hangs over
 
the American economy today. This explosion of borrowing was the stepchild of the floating-money contraption deposited in the Nixon White House by Milton Friedman, the supposed hero of free-market economics who in fact sowed the seed for a never-ending exp
a
nsion of the money supply. The Fed, which celebrates its centenary this year, fueled a roaring inflation in goods and commodities during the 1970s that was brought under control only by the iron resolve of Paul A. Volcker, its chairman from 1979 to 1987. 
U
nder his successor, the lapsed hero Alan Greenspan, the Fed dropped Friedman's penurious rules for monetary expansion, keeping interest rates too low for too long and flooding Wall Street with freshly minted cash. What became known as the "Greenspan put" 
-
- the implicit assumption that the Fed would step in if asset prices dropped, as they did after the 1987 stock-market crash -- was reinforced by the Fed's unforgivable 1998 bailout of the hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management. That Mr. Greenspan's loose
 monetary policies didn't set off inflation was only because domestic prices for goods and labor were crushed by the huge flow of imports from the factories of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Asia{\*\xmlclose}. By offshoring 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s tradable-goods sector, the Fed kept the Con
sumer Price Index contained, but also permitted the excess liquidity to foster a roaring inflation in financial assets. Mr. Greenspan's pandering incited the greatest equity boom in history, with the stock market rising fivefold between the 1987 crash and
 the 2000 dot-com bust. Soon Americans stopped saving and consumed everything they earned and all they could borrow. The Asians, burned by their own 1997 financial crisis, were happy to oblige us. They -- {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
China{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} abo
ve all -- accumulated huge dollar reserves, transforming their central banks into a string of monetary roach motels where sovereign debt goes in but never comes out. We've been living on borrowed time -- and spending Asians' borrowed dimes. This dynamic r
e
inforced the Reaganite shibboleth that "deficits don't matter" and the fact that nearly $5 trillion of the nation's $12 trillion in "publicly held" debt is actually sequestered in the vaults of central banks. The destruction of fiscal rectitude under Rona
l
d Reagan -- one reason I resigned as his budget chief in 1985 -- was the greatest of his many dramatic acts. It created a template for the Republicans' utter abandonment of the balanced-budget policies of Calvin Coolidge and allowed George W. Bush to dive
 
into the deep end, bankrupting the nation through two misbegotten and unfinanced wars, a giant expansion of Medicare and a tax-cutting spree for the wealthy that turned K Street lobbyists into the de facto office of national tax policy. In effect, the G.O
.
P. embraced Keynesianism -- for the wealthy. The explosion of the housing market, abetted by phony credit ratings, securitization shenanigans and willful malpractice by mortgage lenders, originators and brokers, has been well documented. Less known is the
 balance-sheet explosion among the top {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}10 Wall Street{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 banks during the eight years ending in 2008. Though their tiny sliver of equity capital hardly grew, their dependence on unstable "hot money" soared as the regulatory harness the Glass-Steag
all Act had wisely imposed during the Depression was totally dismantled. Within weeks of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, with Wall Street's gun to its head, propped up the remnants of this financial mess in a panic-s
tricken melee of bailouts and money-printing that is the single most shameful chapter in American financial history. There was never a remote threat of a Great Depression 2.0 or of a financial nuclear winter, contrary to the dire warnings of Ben S. Bernan
k
e, the Fed chairman since 2006. The Great Fear -- manifested by the stock market plunge when the House voted down the TARP bailout before caving and passing it -- was purely another Wall Street concoction. Had President Bush and his Goldman Sachs adviser 
(a k a Treasury Secretary) Henry M. Paulson Jr. stood firm, the crisis would have burned out on its own and meted out to speculators the losses they so richly deserved. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}
Main Street{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} banking system was never in serious jeopardy, ATMs were not
 going dark and the money market industry was not imploding. Instead, the White House, Congress and the Fed, under Mr. Bush and then President Obama, made a series of desperate, reckless maneuvers that were not only unnecessary but ruinous. The auto bailo
u
ts, for example, simply shifted jobs around -- particularly to the aging, electorally vital Rust Belt -- rather than saving them. The "green energy" component of Mr. Obama's stimulus was mainly a nearly $1 billion giveaway to crony capitalists, like the v
e
nture capitalist John Doerr and the self-proclaimed outer-space visionary Elon Musk, to make new toys for the affluent. Less than 5 percent of the $800 billion Obama stimulus went to the truly needy for food stamps, earned-income tax credits and other for
m
s of poverty relief. The preponderant share ended up in money dumps to state and local governments, pork-barrel infrastructure projects, business tax loopholes and indiscriminate middle-class tax cuts. The Democratic Keynesians, as intellectually bankrupt
 
as their Republican counterparts (though less hypocritical), had no solution beyond handing out borrowed money to consumers, hoping they would buy a lawn mower, a flat-screen TV or, at least, dinner at Red Lobster. But even Mr. Obama's hopelessly glib pol
i
cies could not match the audacity of the Fed, which dropped interest rates to zero and then digitally printed new money at the astounding rate of $600 million per hour. Fast-money speculators have been "purchasing" giant piles of Treasury debt and mortgag
e
-backed securities, almost entirely by using short-term overnight money borrowed at essentially zero cost, thanks to the Fed. Uncle Ben has lined their pockets. If and when the Fed -- which now promises to get unemployment below 6.5 percent as long as inf
l
ation doesn't exceed 2.5 percent -- even hints at shrinking its balance sheet, it will elicit a tidal wave of sell orders, because even a modest drop in bond prices would destroy the arbitrageurs' profits. Notwithstanding Mr. Bernanke's assurances about e
v
entually, gradually making a smooth exit, the Fed is domiciled in a monetary prison of its own making. While the Fed fiddles, Congress burns. Self-titled fiscal hawks like Paul D. Ryan, the chairman of the House Budget Committee, are terrified of telling 
t
he truth: that the 10-year deficit is actually $15 trillion to $20 trillion, far larger than the Congressional Budget Office's estimate of $7 trillion. Its latest forecast, which imagines 16.4 million new jobs in the next decade, compared with only 2.5 mi
llion in the last 10 years, is only one of the more extreme examples of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's delusions. Even a supposedly "bold" measure -- linking the cost-of-living adjustment for Social Security payments to a different kind of inflation index -- would 
save just $200 billion over a decade, amounting to hardly 1 percent of the problem. Mr. Ryan's latest budget shamelessly gives Social Security and Medicare a 10-year pass, notwithstanding that a fair portion of their nearly $19 trillion cost over that dec
a
de would go to the affluent elderly. At the same time, his proposal for draconian 30 percent cuts over a decade on the $7 trillion safety net -- Medicaid, food stamps and the earned-income tax credit -- is another front in the G.O.P.'s war against the 99 
p
ercent. Without any changes, over the next decade or so, the gross federal debt, now nearly $17 trillion, will hurtle toward $30 trillion and soar to 150 percent of gross domestic product from around 105 percent today. Since our constitutional stasis rule
s
 out any prospect of a "grand bargain," the nation's fiscal collapse will play out incrementally, like a Greek/Cypriot tragedy, in carefully choreographed crises over debt ceilings, continuing resolutions and temporary budgetary patches. The future is ble
ak. The greatest construction boom in recorded history -- {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}China{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's money dump on infrastructure over the last 15 years -- is slowing. Brazil, India, Russia, Turkey, South Africa and all the other growing middle-income nations cannot make u
p for the shortfall in demand. The American machinery of monetary and fiscal stimulus has reached its limits. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose} is sinking into old-age bankruptcy and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Europe{\*\xmlclose} into welfare-state senescence. The new rulers enthroned in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Beijing{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 last year know that after two decades of wild lending, speculation and building, even they will face a day of reckoning, too. THE state-wreck ahead is a far cry from the "Great Moderation" proclaimed in 2004 by Mr. Bernanke, who predicted that prosperity
 
would be everlasting because the Fed had tamed the business cycle and, as late as March 2007, testified that the impact of the subprime meltdown "seems likely to be contained." Instead of moderation, what's at hand is a Great Deformation, arising from a r
o
gue central bank that has abetted the Wall Street casino, crucified savers on a cross of zero interest rates and fueled a global commodity bubble that erodes Main Street living standards through rising food and energy prices -- a form of inflation that th
e Fed fecklessly disregards in calculating inflation. These policies have brought {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 to an end-stage metastasis. The way out would be so radical it can't happen. It would necessitate a sweeping divorce of the state and the market eco
nomy. It would require a renunciation of crony capitalism and its first cousin: Keynesian economics in all its forms. The state would need to get out of the business of imperial hubris, economic uplift and social insurance and shift its focus to managing 
a
nd financing an effective, affordable, means-tested safety net. All this would require drastic deflation of the realm of politics and the abolition of incumbency itself, because the machinery of the state and the machinery of re-election have become conte
r
minous. Prying them apart would entail sweeping constitutional surgery: amendments to give the president and members of Congress a single six-year term, with no re-election; providing 100 percent public financing for candidates; strictly limiting the dura
t
ion of campaigns (say, to eight weeks); and prohibiting, for life, lobbying by anyone who has been on a legislative or executive payroll. It would also require overturning Citizens United and mandating that Congress pass a balanced budget, or face an auto
m
atic sequester of spending. It would also require purging the corrosive financialization that has turned the economy into a giant casino since the 1970s. This would mean putting the great Wall Street banks out in the cold to compete as at-risk free enterp
r
ises, without access to cheap Fed loans or deposit insurance. Banks would be able to take deposits and make commercial loans, but be banned from trading, underwriting and money management in all its forms. It would require, finally, benching the Fed's cen
t
ral planners, and restoring the central bank's original mission: to provide liquidity in times of crisis but never to buy government debt or try to micromanage the economy. Getting the Fed out of the financial markets is the only way to put free markets a
nd genuine wealth creation back into capitalism. That, of course, will never happen because there are trillions of dollars of assets, from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Shanghai{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 skyscrapers to Fortune 1000 stocks to the latest housing market "recovery," artificially propped up by the Fed's interest-rate repression. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
 is broke -- fiscally, morally, intellectually -- and the Fed has incited a global currency war ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 just signed up, the Brazilians and Chinese are angry, and the Ge
rman-dominated euro zone is crumbling) that will soon overwhelm it. When the latest bubble pops, there will be nothing to stop the collapse. If this sounds like advice to get out of the markets and hide out in cash, it is. AuthorAffiliation DAVID A. STOCK
MAN A former Republican congressman from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}, President Ronald Reagan's budget director from 1981 to 1985 and the author, most recently, of "The Great Deformation: The Corruption of Capitalism in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}." Illustration DRAWING (
DRAWING BY MARK PERNICE) (SR1); CHART: Indebtedness Dwarfs the Economy: Chart shows the total credit market of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- all debt, whether owed by government, companies or individuals -- as a percent of G.D.P. At the end of la
st year, it was about 355%. In the 100 years before 1980, the total credit market averaged 160% of G.D.P. (Sources: Federal Reserve; David A. Stockman (calculations for 1880-1980)) (SR6) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 American history; Recessions; Studies; Economic conditions;
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 29 Mar 2013: A.15.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 At the same news conference, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman
 of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, noted that the spending reductions being imposed on the Pentagon are not the deepest in history, but they are the swiftest because they are being imposed halfway through the fiscal year. 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- Hundreds of thousands of Defense Department civilian employees will get a partial reprieve from 
the work furloughs imposed by the automatic across-the-board spending cuts known as the sequester, with their number of unpaid days off reduced to 14 from 22 between now and October. Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel made the announcement at a Pentagon news c
o
nference on Thursday, when he made clear his pleasure at being able to lessen the fiscal penalty on a civilian work force of about 800,000 people. Up to 80 percent of those employees could fall under the reduced furloughs. But the defense secretary also w
a
rned that remaining budget reductions still threaten military readiness. The decision to decrease the furlough days was made possible by a compromise spending bill negotiated on Capitol Hill and signed this week. The budget gives the Defense Department an
d
 the military more freedom to shift money within Pentagon accounts to more efficiently manage the automatic cuts. Mr. Hagel said the Pentagon's reductions under the new bill would be about $41 billion, down from the previous estimates of $46 billion. Even
 
so, the Defense Department's accounts for military operations and maintenance will face a shortage of at least $22 billion this fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. "We're going to have to deal with that reality, and that means we're going to have to priorit
ize and make some cuts and do what we got to do," Mr. Hagel said. To meet the spending decrease, he said, the Pentagon will sharply cut payments for operating its bases in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} as well as reduce training for troops -- but onl
y for those troops not preparing to deploy overseas into combat. At the same news conference, Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, noted that the spending reductions being imposed on the Pentagon are not the deepest in histor
y
, but they are the swiftest because they are being imposed halfway through the fiscal year. "It's the steepest decline in our budget ever," General Dempsey said. He said that by Monday, the Defense Department will have spent 80 percent of its operating fu
n
ds under the reduced spending plan. "We don't yet have a satisfactory solution to that shortfall, and we're doing everything we can to stretch our readiness out," General Dempsey said. He described a process in which the Defense Department "will have to t
r
ade, at some level and to some degree, our future readiness for current operations." In layman's terms, that means that to support the fighting force today, money will have to be diverted from preparing for conflict in the years ahead. "It will cost us mo
r
e eventually in both money and time to recover in the years to come," General Dempsey said. "We'll be trying to recover lost readiness at the same time that we're trying to reshape the force. We can do it, but that's the uncomfortable truth." Photograph D
efense Secretary Chuck Hagel and Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the Pentagon On Thursday. (Photograph by Jacquelyn Martin/Associated Press) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Layoffs; Government spending; Civilians
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Latest Victims of Budget Woes Know Cuts Well}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Peters, Jeremy W
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Mar 2013: A.17.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]the barbers of the United States Sen
ate -- along with a shoeshine attendant, a manicurist and the stylists who clip, color, feather and fluff senatorial locks from a basement salon across the street from the Capitol -- may finally be losing their coveted status. Because of the automatic bud
g
et cuts known as sequestration, which are forcing government agencies to trim their spending and suspend some programs, the Senate will soon start privatizing its money-losing Hair Care Services unit, a cherished amenity that dates back to the early 19th 
century, when many senators lived in rooming houses with no running water. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
CORRECTION APPENDEDWASHINGTON -- They have survived the Civil War, the Great Depression and even Newt Gingrich. They are the caretakers of a Congressional institution that has often operated more like a gentleman's club than a house of government, comp
lete with a gilded members-only dining room, chandeliered sitting parlors and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Carrara{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 marble bath tubs. But the barbers of the United States Senate -- along with a shoeshine attendant, a manicurist and the stylists who clip, color, feather and flu
ff senatorial locks from a basement salon across the street from the Capitol -- may finally be losing their coveted status. Because of the automatic budget cuts known as sequestration, which are forcing government agencies to trim their spending and suspe
n
d some programs, the Senate will soon start privatizing its money-losing Hair Care Services unit, a cherished amenity that dates back to the early 19th century, when many senators lived in rooming houses with no running water. "It's time," said Senator Jo
hn McCain of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a longtime patron who, like many others in the Capitol, said he recognized the infeasibility of government-subsidized haircuts for senators and their staff. "In fact, I was talking to some of my friends there the other day," 
Mr. McCain added, his thinning head of white hair looking freshly shorn, "and they said they recognized too that the time has come." The privatization of the Senate hair shop, to be phased in over the next several years, is one of the ways that members of
 
Congress are feeling the impact of their decision not to stop $85 billion in cuts to this year's budget. And while their experience is hardly on par with the hardship of ordinary Americans who are absorbing cuts to programs like tuition assistance and aft
e
r-school child care, inconveniences like longer lines for their guests at Capitol security and fewer taxpayer-financed trips abroad are starting to gain notice. "With the sequester, I've got a pretty big hole to fill," said Terrance W. Gainer, the Senate 
s
ergeant-at-arms, who oversees various services like computers and the page program. To account for the cuts to his budget, Mr. Gainer said he offered buyouts to his entire staff. So far, four of the nine employees in the hair care unit have told him they 
w
ould accept, allowing him to replace them with less expensive private contractors who will not collect federal pensions or benefits. Mr. Gainer said he expected to cut losses in the shop to $100,000 a year from about $500,000 by privatizing. Eventually, h
e
 said, he would like to use private contractors exclusively. "Listen, I readily realize that may not meet the timetable of a lot of people who say, 'What is the legislative branch doing in the hair care business?' " he said, hastening to add that he has o
t
her, less clinical considerations like the well-being of his staff. "It's a service organization that has a 100-year-plus history here. It's undergone a lot of changes, and I'm slowly but surely trying to get it out of the red." Senators used to get free 
haircuts. But that stopped in 1979, when public pressure over wasteful government spending led the shop to impose a $3.50 fee. But even today, the shop's full menu of unisex salon services are still far less expensive than many hair establishments around 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. A basic trim is $20 plus tip, a manicure is $18 and eyebrow trimming runs $15. There have been efforts over the years to cut losses, but nothing seemed to work. The gold-trimmed personalized shaving mugs that were once given to each sen
ator were eliminated in the 1970s, going the way of other perks like the marble baths. There was once a senators-only barbershop in the basement of the Capitol, but it merged with the ladies' beauty salon and staff barbershop across the street. Though few
 
know it, the shop is open to the public. But if a senator comes in and is in a hurry, he has the right to bump your appointment. Calls for privatization or outright elimination tend to come every decade or so. After a fire destroyed the House barbershop i
n 1880, members of the lower house were outraged to learn that their colleagues in the Senate were getting free beard trimmings and haircuts. Senator William Edgar Borah, who represented {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Idaho{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} for four decades starting in 1907, once rebuked a jour
nalist who tried to shame senators into paying for their own haircuts, saying, "I want the same service that was received here by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun." After Mr. Gingrich became the speaker of the House in 1995, he privatized government-run ser
vices like the barbers on the House side of the Capitol, leading to pressure that the Senate do the same. But the senators stood firm. They united again behind the barbers a few years later after Rick Santorum, then a newly elected senator from 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Pennsylvania{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, tried to lead a privatization push. With its flat fluorescent lighting, teal-green laminated cabinets and aging fixtures, the shop hardly looks like a facility benefiting gloriously from federal largess. Walk in on any given day and it is not u
ncommon to see senators -- men and women -- getting a trim in between meetings. Many of them, as well as President Obama and Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., both former senators, have their autographed pictures hanging on the wall. Strom Thurmond trie
d
 to dye away his gray there, though the results in his later years often resembled Crayola's burnt sienna. "He and his wife disagreed over what color his hair should be," said Donald A. Ritchie, the Senate historian. "He wanted it darker, she wanted it li
ghter. So they compromised over a color that looked orange." Senator Barbara Boxer's blond-tinted bob is kept freshly set there. Olympia J. Snowe, the former three-term senator from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, used the salon's stylists to keep her signature dark brown ponytail from getting too long. Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, the majority leader, also patronizes the shop, sometimes leaving the shoeshine attendant with a few pairs to work on while he sits down for a trim. "It costs more than it does in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Utah{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
," said Senator Orrin G. Hatch, who has had his shock of white hair, closely cropped on the sides and neatly parted on top, cut by a Senate barber for 36 years. Mr. Hatch quickly rose to the barbers' defense when told of the privatization plans. 
Mr. Gainer, the sergeant-at-arms, would not permit shop workers to be interviewed. "Those guys work hard," Mr. Gainer said. "And you don't want just anybody playing around with razors and scissors. Especially in this place." Correction: March 29, 2013, Fr
i
day This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: A picture caption on Thursday with an article about plans to privatize the Senate barbershop misidentified the building on Capitol Hill in which the barbershop is located. It is in the
 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Russell{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}
, not in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Hart{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Photograph The Hair Care Services Unit, in the Basement of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Hart{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Senate{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Office{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Dates Back to the Early 19th Century, When Many Senators Lived in Rooming Houses with No Running Water. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Personal care industry; Government spending; Soci
al services; Barbers; Layoffs
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-04-04
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cuts May Claim O'Hare Tower as Victim}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Mar 2013: A.9.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The Federal Aviation Administration announced Friday that it would close 149 control towers in early April at smaller airports because of the across-the-board federal budget cuts known as the sequester, but even O'Hare's
 north tower is on a list of potential casualties, along with O'Hare's runway 27 Right. 
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CORRECTION APPENDEDCHICAGO -- Up 14 stories by elevator and two more by stairs, Adonna Prior, an air traffic controller, watched for airplanes emerging as specks in the sky from her perch at the top of O'Hare International Airport's sleek $40 millio
n north tower. "A.C. 5837 O'Hare tower runway two seven right cleared to land," she said in one unpunctuated breath into her radio headset, indicating to the crew of a United Express Embraer 50-seat jet inbound from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Appleton{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wis.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, that the r
unway, 1.4 miles long and 150 feet wide, was clear. "Winds three zero zero at one zero," she added, indicating that there was a gentle breeze, mostly headwind. All was running smoothly on a sunny afternoon this week, but dark clouds loom next month here a
t
 the nation's second-busiest airport and at smaller airports across the country. The Federal Aviation Administration announced Friday that it would close 149 control towers in early April at smaller airports because of the across-the-board federal budget 
c
uts known as the sequester, but even O'Hare's north tower is on a list of potential casualties, along with O'Hare's runway 27 Right. Federal Aviation Administration staff reductions of 10 percent under the cuts could shut both down, at least for part of e
a
ch day. In a statement, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHoodcalled the 149 closings "very tough decisions" but said that "unfortunately, we are faced with a series of difficult choices that we have to make to reach the required cuts under sequestration." T
he agency is facing more than $600 million in budget cuts this year. Among the towers to close are those at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Ithaca{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Tompkins{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Regional{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Danbury
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Municipal{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
PlaceName}}Branson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Missouri{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. All of O'Hare's 68 controllers recently received certified letters telling them to expect, as of April 21, one day of furlough in each two-week, 80-hour pay period. Although the F.A.A.
 has not worked out the details, the north tower is vulnerable because it takes three people to run it: an arrivals controller like Ms. Prior, a ground controller to direct the planes through a maze of taxiways and a relief controller to give the other tw
o
 a break. "It used to be wind and weather," said Robert C. Flynn, the air traffic control manager at O'Hare and a veteran of 30 years there and at two nearby radar centers, describing the factors that determine O'Hare's operability. "Now it's going to be 
s
taffing, wind and weather." O'Hare's north tower opened with 27 Right in 2008, and raised O'Hare's capacity when the wind is coming from the west -- about 70 percent of the time -- to land 114 airplanes an hour, up from 72. It was not simple, though. The 
n
ew runway was built beyond what had been "hangar alley," the northern edge of the airport, and because the hangars block the view of the western half of the runway from the main tower, a new one, north tower, was needed. The project cost more than $450 mi
l
lion and required moving 2,800 residents. By most accounts, it has been a stunning success. Before it opened, the F.A.A. had to limit the number of planes that the airlines could operate from here, and even so there were extensive delays. Now the airport,
 surpassed only in traffic by Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, functions far better. But the planned furloughs are creating a cascading series of new problems, not only with the north tower but in the skies far beyond 
it. O'Hare's main tower, for example, takes a crew of 9 or 10. Dan Carrico, the union representative for the tower controllers, said its workload could rise, too, if staffing shortages in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Chicago{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} region or elsewhere force the F.A.A. to hold pl
anes on the ground at O'Hare, as is commonly done in thunderstorms. Holds mean more instructions from controllers per takeoff as they direct planes where to park or rejoin the queue for takeoff. Airplanes are directed to O'Hare by controllers in a windowl
e
ss radar room, called the Terminal Radar Approach Control, in South Elgin, Ill., about 30 miles away. When staffing there is cut by 10 percent, there may not be enough controllers on duty to manage a flow to three different runways at O'Hare, officials sa
id. "We're used to dealing with pieces of the system being impacted," Mr. Flynn said. "We do it all the time, like when there's a thunderstorm in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Valley{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. When all the pieces of the system are impacted, that's fresh territory.
" Among the first cuts will be training new controllers to replace those retiring. Ms. Prior, the air traffic controller, said she was unhappy about losing 10 percent of her pay, but she is pregnant with her first child, due on Aug. 16, and is planning to
 
take off some unpaid time anyway, she said. Mr. Flynn thought about that. "Well, you timed that right," he said. Correction: March 30, 2013, Saturday This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: An article last Saturday about furloug
h
s at O'Hare International Airport because of budget cuts referred incorrectly to the effect of a $450 million runway project on the surrounding area. While the project indeed required moving 2,800 residents, it did not involve removing 900 graves from a c
e
metery. (That occurred during the building of a different runway.) Photograph Robert C. Flynn, the Air Traffic Control Manager at O'hare International in Chicago, Said Staffing Could Become a Factor in the Airport's Ability to Function.; Top, a Monitor Sh
owing the Location of Inbound Flights to O'hare in Chicago, Which Now has the Capacity to Land As Many As 114 Airplanes an Hour. (Photographs by Nathan Weber for the New York Times) 
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Branson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}; NAICS: 488119
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Spending Cuts Put Damper On Trips by Lawmakers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Mar 2013: A.18.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]the long jet-setting tradition of Congre
ssional recesses just got grounded by the same $85 billion across-the-board budget cuts, which have also canceled White House tours and lengthened airport lines and have some federal employees receiving furlough notices. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Official travel abroad by members of Congress -- trips known univer
sally on Capitol Hill by the shorthand term "codels" -- has always been something of a sensitive topic. Critics deride the Congressional delegations as high-flying, taxpayer-financed junkets, while members and their staffs vigorously defend them as critic
a
l fact-finding and research trips. Now, the long jet-setting tradition of Congressional recesses just got grounded by the same $85 billion across-the-board budget cuts, which have also canceled White House tours and lengthened airport lines and have some 
f
ederal employees receiving furlough notices. Normally, Congress's coming two-week break would be the perfect time for dozens of lawmakers to scurry overseas. But in this time of heightened fiscal discipline, an increasing number of members are eschewing s
uch trips and returning home, to spend the time in their districts with their families and constituents. Speaker John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 encouraged the end -- or at least the suspension -- of codels last month. In advance of the automatic budget c
uts, he issued a decree to House Republicans in their weekly meeting, telling his members that the House would no longer authorize military aircraft for official overseas travel. His rule included even trips to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}, limiting House lawmakers' ability to visit war-torn regions in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose}
 and beyond where a military aircraft is often the only way to get around. "This decision is a prudent and responsible course of action, reflecting the current strain o
n military readiness and operations," read an e-mail to House offices after the announcement. Of course, the speaker's new rule does not mean that no official travel will take place. Though the House will not authorize military aircraft travel, the Depart
ment of Defense still can. This means, for instance, that if a group of lawmakers flew commercially to, say, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Kuwait{\*\xmlclose}, they could then board a Defense Department-approved military aircraft to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} or {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.
 This month, Representative Howard P. (Buck) McKeon, Republican of California and the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee, and two other members visited {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. They flew commercially for the first leg of the trip, and us
ed military support to travel the rest of the way. "You want to minimize the operational impact on Department of Defense, but we still have an oversight obligation and that obligation extends beyond information you can get just from a Congressional hearin
g
 or a telephone call," said Claude Chafin, communications director for the Armed Services Committee. "There are some conversations with Afghan leaders and troops fighting on the ground that you just can't substitute for. We have an obligation to carry out
 
that oversight, but we're going to do it in a way that's as low impact as possible." Mr. Chafin would not discuss any codels during the coming recess, citing security concerns. And, lawmakers can still take any trip they want, as long as they fly commerci
a
lly. "I've been clear there's no military aircraft that I'll approve during the sequester," Mr. Boehner said in an interview in his office. "And if some members believe that they need to travel, do it commercially. They have to make those decisions." Mr. 
Boehner sent a bipartisan House delegation to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 for the investiture of Pope Francis. But at the bottom of the news release was a disclaimer: "The House delegation will fly to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on commercial air flights, in compliance with the speaker's directive that member use of military air transportation be suspended with sequestration in effect." (Representative Nancy Pelosi of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California
{\*\xmlclose}, the leading House Democrat, similarly flew to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Rome{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on a delegation led by Vice President Jose
ph R. Biden Jr.) On the Senate side, codels have also become more politically charged -- though that has not stopped some senators from heading abroad during the break. Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, said he would be visiting 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Turkey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Jordan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} during the two-week recess. (Senator Kirsten Gillibrand, Democrat of New York, is going on the same trip.) He said the recent budget cuts had not caused him to rethink his plans. "Where I'm going, we need to go," Mr. Graham said. "The 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose}
 is going in the wrong direction quickly." Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, who often takes such trips with Mr. Graham, joked, "I think he's going with a separate group for a change." 
But Mr. McCain said that he was also considering heading off to a trouble spot abroad, though he could not discuss the details because of security concerns. "I can't say where, but it's not a pleasurous place," he said. Senator Bob Corker, Republican of T
ennessee, is taking what his office described as an "economic mission" to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}South Korea{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. He will be flying commercially. At least one planned Senate codel has been canceled -- or at least postpon
ed, though no one with knowledge of the trip would discuss it. "In this age of austerity, no one even wants to be outed as the senator who was going to go on a codel, even though it's now been canceled," a Democratic Senate aide explained. When asked abou
t the mysterious canceled trip, Senator Patrick J. Toomey, Republican of Pennsylvania, offered up a hint: "Several of us were going to go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Bali{\*\xmlclose}
 and take our spouses," he said referring to exactly the sort of trip that could cause an uproar. As a reporter began to scribble down the details, he laughed. "I'm just kidding," he said. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Budgets; Military aircraft; Armed forces; Federal employees; Government spending; Legislators
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-27
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 16. The Sequester Hits the Reservation}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Sequester Hits the Reservation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Mar 2013: A.26.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Social Security, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security Income, and veterans' compensation and health benefits -- are all exempt from sequestration. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The Congressional Republicans who brought us the mindless budget cuts known as the sequester have shown remarkable indifference to life-sustaining government services, American jobs and other programs. So what do they m
ake of the country's commitments to American Indians, its longstanding obligations to tribal governments under the Constitution and treaties dating back centuries? Very little, it seems. The sequester will impose cuts of 5 percent across the Indian Health
 
Service, the modestly financed agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides basic health care to two million American Indians and native Alaskans. It is underfinanced for its mission and cannot tolerate more depriv
a
tion. Here lies a little-noticed example of moral abdication. The biggest federal health and safety-net programs -- Social Security, Medicaid, the Children's Health Insurance Program, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security In
c
ome, and veterans' compensation and health benefits -- are all exempt from sequestration. But the Indian Health Service is not. The agency was supposed to be spared the worst of the automatic cuts; at least that is what its officials believed. Under a 198
5
 law that served as the model for the current sequester, annual cuts to appropriations for the Indian Health Service could not exceed 2 percent. Even a cut of that amount is very bad news for the main health care provider for some of the poorest and sicke
s
t Americans, living in some of the most remote and medically underserved parts of the country. Like care for veterans, Indian health was supposed to be one area in which duty and compassion trumped cheapness. The agency's officials were braced for that le
v
el of cuts, but they were mistaken. The Office of Management and Budget interpreted the sequestration law to mean that the 2 percent cap did not apply to most of the Indian Health Service financing. The agency's director, Yvette Roubideaux, had to warn tr
i
bal leaders last September to plan for a much bigger, $220 million cut, which it expects will lead to 3,000 fewer inpatient admissions and 804,000 fewer outpatient visits each year. The Indian Health Service operates 320 health centers, 45 hospitals, 115 
h
ealth stations and 4 school health centers across the country. The vast majority of these are on reservations, where poverty, disease, substance abuse, suicide and other public health challenges are severe. The government has been increasing its support f
o
r the service in the last decade; at a hearing on Tuesday of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies, the chairman, Mike Simpson, an Idaho Republican, noted that between 2000 and 2012, financing rose to $4.4 bil
l
ion from $2.4 billion. This has allowed some improvement and stability in services. But Dr. Roubideaux told Mr. Simpson that the agency's catastrophic health emergency fund, which reimburses providers for trauma care and major surgeries, would still run o
ut of money before the end of the year. The federal government cannot use its budget nihilism to avoid its moral and legal obligations. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Government spending; Native North Americans; Health care; Editorials

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17. Finance Bill, Nearing Senate Passage, Would Protect Some Favored Programs}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 17 of 90
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Finance Bill, Nearing Senate Passage, Would Protect Some Favored Programs}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Mar 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Rather than rearranging the cuts across the budget, Ben S. Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Reserve, has recommended holding them back until the still-sluggish recovery takes stronger hold. "Besides having adverse effe
cts on jobs and incomes, a slower recovery would lead to less actual deficit reduction in the short run," Mr. Bernanke said last month. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The worst of the federal cuts to a major infant nutrition program would be reversed. Embassy security and construction could be spared in the wake of the consulate attack in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Benghazi{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Libya{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. And child care subsidies, once seen as critical to the success of welfare reform, would take a haircut, not the hammer blow that President Obama once loudly war
ned was coming. With the expected Senate passage this week of broad legislation to finance the federal government through Sept. 30, a lucky few programs will be spared the brunt of the automatic spending cuts now coursing through the federal government. A
l
so, managers in some departments, especially the Defense Department, will gain more flexibility to carry out cuts. The overall size of the cuts will remain the same, as will the short-term impact on the economy, because total spending outside of entitleme
n
t programs like Medicare and Social Security must remain beneath a hard cap of $984 billion. One program's gain in the spending bill will mean another's loss, caution the Democratic and Republican authors of the bill, which the House seems poised to pass 
a
s well. The bill is a mixed blessing for President Obama and others, especially Democrats, who hope Congress will eventually reverse the recent cuts. The changes make the cuts less arbitrary and damaging in the eyes of many independent experts. They reduc
e
 the effect on programs that touch national security, child health and welfare, but they inhibit long-term economic growth, through science funding and other areas. But the new continuing resolution might have a political impact beyond the numbers: It cou
l
d reduce some of the most obvious disruptions in federal services, potentially easing the pressure that Mr. Obama had hoped would soften Republican opposition to a replacement that combined spending cuts with tax increases. "The combination of the various
 
appropriations bills, funding transfers and reprogramming authority takes the doom and gloom out of sequestration," said Chris Krueger, a senior policy analyst at Guggenheim Securities' Washington Research Group. "You've still got $85 billion coming out. 
Y
ou're still going to get the hit to the economy." That means lower employment levels and slower growth this year, public and private forecasters have said. Rather than rearranging the cuts across the budget, Ben S. Bernanke, the chairman of the Federal Re
s
erve, has recommended holding them back until the still-sluggish recovery takes stronger hold. "Besides having adverse effects on jobs and incomes, a slower recovery would lead to less actual deficit reduction in the short run," Mr. Bernanke said last mon
t
h. Republican senators, some of whom have cheered on the "sequestration" cuts, spent Tuesday jostling for last-minute votes on their priorities. The new package of cuts cleared its biggest procedural hurdle Monday night, with a 63-to-35 vote to end debate
,
 but failed to win approval Tuesday. It still appears likely to pass the Senate this week, given Monday's vote, and to clear the House shortly after its final Senate vote. The legislation would replace the current stopgap spending law with a more detailed
 
plan. On Tuesday, Senator Jerry Moran, Republican of Kansas, shut down repeated efforts to get a final vote because he wanted the Federal Aviation Administration to protect control towers at rural airports. Senators Mark Pryor, Democrat of Arkansas, and R
o
y Blunt, Republican of Missouri, pressed for a vote to ensure meat inspectors would not be furloughed. Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire, pleaded to kill what she called a missile to nowhere -- a European-based missile defense system that 
b
oth the Senate and House armed services committees have repeatedly tried to zero out -- and to shift the money to military operations and maintenance. "There's not going to be another funding bill for the government until the end of this federal fiscal ye
ar," she said. "This is our only opportunity." The primary goal of the bill is to allow lawmakers to make distinctions among programs. The bill "includes some very limited changes to fix pressing problems," said Barbara A. Mikulski of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, ch
airwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. But, she said, there was only so much she and her Republican counterpart, Senator Richard C. Shelby of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, could do under the constraints of assembling a measure that could pass the House. If,
 for instance, Congress maintained current levels of spending through September, $500 million would have gone to a space shuttle program that no longer exists, Ms. Mikulski said. The Pentagon would get too much money for wars winding down and not enough f
o
r retraining and rebuilding a force depleted by more than a decade of fighting. With the changes, the Agriculture Department's nutrition program for woman, infants and children would receive an additional $250 million under the Senate bill, enough to serv
e
 300,000 more people. That sum would help offset a $333 million sequester cut that the program must absorb over the next six months. The remaining cuts could still hurt, but officials involved in the program are holding off final decisions until Congress 
a
cts. Under sequestration, programs would first try to reduce the cost of the basket of goods provided to participants, by finding lower prices on goods like baby food and peanut butter, said Douglas A. Greenaway, the president of the National WIC Associat
i
on -- an umbrella group for state programs. But he added that the program was already lean and would most likely have to make more significant cuts, too. Pregnant women and newborns would be the first priority; postpartum women and 3- and 4-year-olds woul
d
 be the lowest priority, he said. The State Department's embassy security, construction and maintenance account had been girding for a $79 million hit. Instead, an additional $90 million for the rest of 2013 will leave the account slightly ahead of where 
i
t was last year. The federal child care and development block grant, slated for a $115 million cut, would lose $65 million instead. The Energy Department's nuclear weapons programs, promised large budget increases to win Republican votes for a 2010 nuclea
r
 arms accord, will still take a hit under sequestration. But the cut would be $237 million instead of $600 million. In exchange, other programs would experience larger cuts. Military construction for barracks, schools and hospitals worldwide would lose bi
l
lions of dollars. Energy research, already taking a 5 percent cut under the sequester, or more than $150 million, would absorb another $44 million loss. Other programs like Head Start, for early education, would have roughly the same cut as previously pla
nned. The program is expected to lose about 70,000 slots for children out of one million over all. Photograph Senators Patty Murray, Center, and Harry Reid, the Majority Leader, Spoke On the Budget in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Tuesday, When Some Senators Jostled to Gain Last-Minute Votes On Their Priorities. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal legislation; Missiles; Government spending; Food programs
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.16
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 20, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-26
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 18. It's Lose-Lose vs. Win-Win-Win-Win-Win}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 It's Lose-Lose vs. Win-Win-Win-Win-Win}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Friedman, Thomas L
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Mar 2013: SR.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
According to the Center for Climate and Electricity Policy at the nonpartisan Resources for the Future, 
a tax of $25 per ton of carbon-dioxide emitted -- through the combustion of fossil fuels used in electricity production, commercial and residential heating and transportation -- "would raise approximately $125 billion annually." 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 ONE of my favorite quotes about the state of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose} politics was offered a couple years ago by Gerald Seib, a Wall Street Journal columnist, when he observed that "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} and its political leaders, after two decades of failing to come together to solve big problems, seem to have lost faith in their ability to do so. A political system that e
xpects failure doesn't try very hard to produce anything else." That's us today -- our entire political system is guilty of the "soft bigotry of low expectations" for ourselves. I raise this now because it strikes me as crazy that one of the obvious solut
i
ons to our budget, energy and environmental problems -- the one that would be the least painful and have the best long-term impact (a carbon tax) -- is off the table. Meanwhile, the solution that is as dumb as the day is long -- a budget sequester that sl
a
shes spending indiscriminately -- is on the table. Shrinking the tax deduction for charity is on the table. Shrinking Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid for the poor are on the table. But a carbon tax that could close the deficit and clean the air, we
a
ken petro-dictators, strengthen the dollar, drive clean-tech innovation and still leave some money to lower corporate and income taxes is off the table. So the solutions that are lose-lose and divisive are on the table, while the solution that is win-win-
w
in-win-win -- and has both liberal and conservative supporters -- is off the table. Writing in this newspaper in support of a carbon tax back in 2007, N. Gregory Mankiw, the Harvard economist, who was a senior adviser to President George W. Bush and to Mi
t
t Romney, argued that "the idea of using taxes to fix problems, rather than merely raise government revenue, has a long history. The British economist Arthur Pigou advocated such corrective taxes to deal with pollution in the early 20th century. In his ho
n
or, economics textbooks now call them 'Pigovian taxes.' Using a Pigovian tax to address global warming is also an old idea. It was proposed as far back as 1992 by Martin S. Feldstein on the editorial page of The Wall Street Journal. ... Those vying for el
e
cted office, however, are reluctant to sign on to this agenda. Their political consultants are no fans of taxes, Pigovian or otherwise. Republican consultants advise using the word 'tax' only if followed immediately by the word 'cut.' Democratic consultan
t
s recommend the word 'tax' be followed by 'on the rich.' " Yes, to win passage of any carbon tax, Republicans would insist that it be revenue neutral -- to be offset entirely by cuts in corporate taxes and taxes on personal income. But maybe they could be
 
persuaded otherwise. In an ideal world, you would have 45 percent go to pay down the deficit so that we don't have to cut entitlements as much -- appealing to liberals and greens -- and have 45 percent go to reducing corporate and income taxes -- to encou
r
age work and investment and appeal to conservatives. The remaining 10 percent could be rebated to low-income households for whom such a tax would be a burden. According to the Center for Climate and Electricity Policy at the nonpartisan Resources for the 
F
uture, a tax of $25 per ton of carbon-dioxide emitted -- through the combustion of fossil fuels used in electricity production, commercial and residential heating and transportation -- "would raise approximately $125 billion annually." This $125 billion "
c
ould allow federal personal income tax reductions of about 15 percent or corporate income tax reductions of about 70 percent, if all carbon tax revenues were used to replace current tax revenues. Alternatively, the federal deficit could be reduced by appr
o
ximately $1.25 trillion over 10 years" -- roughly what we are trying to do through the foolish sequester. Such a tax would add about 21 cents per gallon of gasoline and about 1.2 cents per kilowatt-hour of electricity. It could be phased in gradually as t
h
e economy improves. Experts believe that the mere signal of a carbon tax would get companies to become more energy efficient. And that's the point. As part of any grand bargain -- which will have to include spending cuts and tax increases -- introducing a
 
carbon tax into the mix makes all kinds of options easier and smarter. Alas, right now both sides are trying to inflict maximum pain on the other, rather than framing the debate as: "Here's the world we're living in; here's what we need to thrive; and, if
 we cut and tax here, we can invest in these 21st-century growth engines over here." Our goal is not to balance the budget. It's to make {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} great. SO how come the best ideas are off the table? (Blessedly, Representative Henry Waxman, a Democrat of Cali
fornia, is now working to get some kind of carbon tax on the table.) Several reasons, argues Adam Garfinkle, editor of The American Interest and author of a smart new e-book, "Broken: American Political Dysfunction and What to Do About It." First, because
 
our democracy today is perverted more than ever by deep-pocketed lobbies and oligopolies. So, "in order to get and stay elected today, you have to raise huge sums of money from corporations, wealthy individuals and dues-laden unions," Garfinkle notes, and
 
all that money leads to "twisted decision-making at the high-politics level" and "regulatory capture" at the bureaucratic-administrative level. The fossil fuel, auto and power companies have bought a lot of politicians to block a carbon tax. The only way 
a
round them, argues Garfinkle, would be for leaders to galvanize the public, but that requires building "governing coalitions" in the center rather than "political coalitions" that can get you elected but little else after that. Obama is belatedly trying t
o
 do that; the Republican Party hasn't even tried. "This is what real leaders do," said Garfinkle. "They change the conversation." They don't just read the polls; they shape the polls. But we can't put this all on lobbyists. It's also our generation. "We'r
e
 the most self-indulgent generation in American history," argues Garfinkle, always demanding more services than we're ready to pay for. "Too many of us want to be unbound by broader social obligations, but the network of those obligations creates the mora
l
 ballast that makes good governance possible." As Nathan Gardels and Nicolas Berggruen note in their insightful book, "Intelligent Governance for the 21st Century: A Middle Way Between West and East," we prefer a "Diet Coke culture -- sweetness without ca
lories, consumption without savings and safety nets without taxes." No wonder anything hard or smart is off the table. We pushed it there. Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Oliver Munday) (Sr11) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Environmental tax; Federal budget; Government spending; Energy policy; Politics
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 SR.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 17, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Op-Ed Columnist
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 19. Arizona Border Quiets After Gains in Security}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Border Quiets After Gains in Security}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Preston{\*\xmlclose}, Julia
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]to border officials here, Congress seems to be 
behind the times, failing to notice that they have already made many of the enforcement advances that lawmakers are seeking. Since 2005, the number of patrol agents in the Southwest has nearly doubled, to more than 18,000. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}NOGALES
{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ariz.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Flying low along the Mexican line in a Black Hawk helicopter, the United States Border
 Patrol officer saw surveillance towers rising above the cactus. He saw his agents' white and green trucks moving among the mesquite, scouting for illegal crossers. Far overhead, a remotely guided drone beamed images of the terrain to an intelligence cent
er in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tucson{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Pilots cruised in reconnaissance planes carrying radars and infrared cameras that could distinguish a migrant with a backpack from a wild animal from many miles away. Sabri Dikman, the patrol's executive officer for this region, liked what he 
saw -- and what he did not see. If any illegal migrants were trying to make their way into the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, he said, the chances were very good that agents would find and detain them. "We know what we're dealing with and where we are dealing with it," Mr. Dikman said. "In some manner we have the capacity to observe every part of the border of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
." As Congress debates a broad overhaul of the immigration laws, including a pathway to citizenship for 11 million illegal immigrants in the country, skeptica
l lawmakers are asking if the Southwest border is secure enough to withstand any new wave of illegal crossings that might be spurred by a legalization program, or by new growth in the American economy. Officers who guard the line say the border is more se
cure in most places than they have ever known it. They say they are in a strong position to hold off an illegal surge, and to show why they point to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, once the busiest and most contentious border battlefront. To the east, in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, agents are still s
truggling to stop persistent migrants in hundreds of miles of varying and penetrable terrain. But in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, every available measure shows steep declines in the number of people making it across, figures that border agents say demonstrate what they can ac
complish. In Congress, many Republicans recall that an amnesty in 1986, which was supposed to solve illegal migration, was followed by an even larger unauthorized influx. A bipartisan group in the Senate is working on a proposal that would require measura
b
le gains in border security before immigrants would be allowed to proceed onto a path to full citizenship. But to border officials here, Congress seems to be behind the times, failing to notice that they have already made many of the enforcement advances 
t
hat lawmakers are seeking. Since 2005, the number of patrol agents in the Southwest has nearly doubled, to more than 18,000. Customs and Border Protection, the parent agency of the Border Patrol, has built its air wing to more than 260 aircraft. It acquir
ed an array of technology, including ground sensors and aerial detection devices developed by the Defense Department in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and created a military-style command structure with expanded intelligence operations to coordinate agents on the gr
ound. While tightening the border, officials also created a system of penalties for those who get past it, making it far more likely that migrants who were caught would be jailed, prosecuted as criminals, or expelled from the country far from the place wh
e
re they tried to enter. Border officers, once a beleaguered force overwhelmed by illegal flows, have acquired a bit of swagger. "It's all of these things coming together that have really given us the capability to bring the border to a level of security t
hat is, in my opinion, unprecedented," said David V. Aguilar, the agency's commissioner, who will retire this month after 34 years on the borders. "We haven't seen this lack of activity in 25, 30 years," he said. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in 2005, more than 577,000 appreh
ensions were made of migrants crossing illegally, a surge that sparked a political furor in the state. Border officials declared that they would make a "last stand" here. Last year in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the apprehensions (an imperfect but still useful indicator of u
nauthorized flows) dropped to 126,500, a 78 percent decline from 2005, a sharper decrease than seen elsewhere along the border. The recession in this country and drug-trafficking violence in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} also contributed to the falloff, here and along the length of the border. But in 2005, about half of all apprehensions in the Southwest were made in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Today, it is closer to one-third, with the largest share now shifted to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Mr. Dikman remembers the bad old days, when the agents' rule of thumb was to open a formal deportation only after an illegal crosser had been caught and expelled to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 18 times. Now, Customs and Border Protection is adjusting its strategies to the reality of greatly reduced numbers, but more troublesome adversaries. Jeffrey Self, the commander of the agency's Joint Field Command for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}, based in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tucson{\*\xmlclose}, said migrants rarely try to cross these days without hiring a coyote, or smuggler, and those guides are generally linked to narcotics organizations in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "It's pretty m
uch all organized smuggling at this point and it's pretty much all controlled by the transnational criminal organizations that operate over there," Mr. Self said. Border officials worry there may not be much more they can do with enforcement alone to furt
h
er reduce illegal crossings and sharpen the focus of their operations on criminal threats, without other changes in the immigration equation. "If this country has a continued demand for labor by way of our market economy," said Mr. Aguilar, the commission
e
r, "you have a baseline draw for illegal immigrants." He said if Washington created more legal channels for migrants who want to come to this country primarily to work, it could significantly cut the numbers of people trying to pass illegally, freeing bor
d
er officers to pursue traffickers and other criminals. "Now that would be a tremendous force multiplier," Mr. Aguilar said. Lawmakers are considering proposals for some form of temporary guest worker program, and also measures to give legal status particu
l
arly to migrant farmworkers. Officials said border gains could also be affected if Congress imposed deep budget cuts. Last week Mr. Aguilar announced the beginning of 14-day furloughs for his agency's employees under the sequester. Twin Cities Here in Nog
a
les, a laid-back border town that surrounds the largest port of entry in Arizona, Border Patrol vehicles drive freely along the dirt road along an 18-foot barrier of metal poles that divides the American city from its Mexican twin, also called Nogales. Un
til recently, agents had to keep a distance. But Leslie Lawson, the top Border Patrol agent in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ariz.{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, said the barrier was an example of a small tweak that made a big difference. A lower fence built in the 1990s had been covered with mats to preven
t Mexicans from seeing through. Smugglers would send people or narcotics over the fence, then hurl rocks at agents from hills on the Mexican side while the migrants slipped away into nearby gulches. In 2011, Ms. Lawson's sector had more rock assaults on a
g
ents than any other in the country -- 170 in all. Last year three miles of the old fence was replaced with the poles, set just far enough apart to see through. Agents can spot migrants before they approach it. Rock assaults are down 60 percent. "Every day
 
the smugglers will change their tactics," Ms. Lawson said. "They are always watching us. So we are always changing our tactics." With tighter security along the line, more undocumented foreigners are trying to come through the border station. But recent c
hanges have made it more difficult for smugglers to pass their clients with forged papers. Instead, officials said, smugglers rent out valid {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} documents, and encourage their clients to make themselves look as much as possible like the people in the photographs. One day in late February, an elderly Mexican woman and a Mexican farmworker were stopped at the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} crossing after they presented documents that were legitimate but did not belong to them. A sharp-eyed customs inspector at the pedestri
an walkway also singled out an 18-year-old Mexican girl who had a valid border crossing card but also a nervous twitch. A pat-down revealed that the teenager, Selena Andrea Perez Cruz, had stashed nearly a pound of heroin in her bra. Ms. Perez Cruz was tu
rned over to federal authorities in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 for narcotics prosecution. But officers were not done with the other Mexicans either. Part of the Customs and Border Protection strategy is to ensure that almost all migrants who are detained face a penalty on thi
s side before being deported -- what officers call their consequence delivery system. Commander Self said some penalty was applied to at least 90 percent of illegal migrants apprehended at the state's border. In a holding cell, the Mexican grandmother, wh
o said she had hoped to reunite with relatives in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, was formally booked. Her record would remain in federal databases after she was expelled. If she was ever caught trying to enter the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} illegally again, she could face felony charges and months, if not years, in prison. Other forlorn Mexicans stopped in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 were waiting to be deported through a transfer program, another one of the consequences. They would be taken by bus three days east and expelled at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Del Rio{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tex.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Officers use the transfers "to break that smuggling cycle, to separate the smuggled aliens from the smugglers and the guides," Commander Self explained. Some migrants detained in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} would be turned over, under a consequence program called Operation Streamline, for criminal prosecution. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Yuma{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which has applied the program for six years to virtually every illegal crosser, the fast-track cases have clogged the federal courts and drawn a host of complaints from legal rights groups. But their impact is unmistakable. In 200
5, more than 138,000 apprehensions were recorded in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Yuma{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. By last year, the number had decreased to 6,500, a decline of 95 percent. Since authorities began to apply the consequence system five years ago across the southwest border, the numbers of deportees
 who try to cross again within a year has consistently declined. Measures of Change One defender in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 of the border agency's progress is the mayor, Arturo Garino. He says his city has become one of the safest in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, with one murder in the past s
ix years. "We used to have street chases all the time," he said in an interview in City Hall. "Now all those things are gone, something you don't even hear about." He said lawmakers in distant {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} should concentrate on fixing the immigration system.
 "I don't care how many more Border Patrol you have," Mr. Garino said. "You can't secure this border any more than it is right now, and that is a fact. Do we want to line them up, hand in hand, all the way to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}?" Beyond urban areas, however, control is
 spottier. Ranchers close to the border report that they often see migrants on their property, and they do not feel safe. But added staff and technology have greatly expanded what Customs and Border Protection officers call their situational awareness. On
 a wall of video screens in his command center in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tucson{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Commander Self can summon aerial images of vast swaths of borderland. Thousands of agents are patrolling in vehicles, on all-terrain vehicles and on horseback. When incidents arise, the closest ones 
can be quickly dispatched. But greater efficiency has exacted a human toll. Migrants have been pushed ever farther toward the rock faces and remote valleys of the border's most deadly landscape. Migrants pay smugglers higher fees, but with security tight,
 the coyotes no longer feel any obligation to finish the job of guiding them to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. According to data compiled by The Arizona Daily Star, last year 172 bodies were found in the state's border desert. In late February, on a mountain flank west
 of the border outpost of Sasabe, 19 migrants tried to slip past the Border Patrol's deployment. A rare blizzard had brought a biting freeze, frosting the saguaro cactuses with snow. With only light jackets and plastic ponchos, the men, from 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Honduras{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Guatemala{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, spent three nights in the cold while their hired coyotes searched for an opening between agents on horseback and surveillance planes overhead. On the fourth morning, inside {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} territory, the men arose to discover that their guides had fled. Utterly lost, they chose to turn back. After another six hours wandering through cactus brush into 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, they happened upon a Mexican government rescue group. The men were mute with hunger and thirst. After a gulp of water, Helio Le\'f3
n Reyes, 31, a Mexican from the state of Guerrero, began to cry. The cold, he said in Spanish, "was too much to bear." His feet were still stiff with cramps, and his money was lost to the smugglers. Mr. Le\'f3n said he had hoped to make it to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, where a brother lives. But he decided on that day that his trip to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 was over. He would go back to his wife and children. "This is too complicated," he said. WATCHING THE LINE: This is the second of two articles examining the state of border security, w
hich is central to the immigration debate. Credit: JULIA PRESTON; Robert Gebeloff contributed reporting from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Photograph A Woman in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ariz.{\*\xmlclose}, Looked Toward {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 Shortly Before Being Deported with Other Illegal Immigrants in February. (A1); On the Line: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Nogales{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ariz.{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, Is the State's Largest Port of Entry. At Left, Patrolling Near the Border Fence.; Keeping Watch: Cameras Help Border Patrol Officers Tell Migrants and Wildlife Apart From Many Miles Away.; Aborted Trip: Deserted by Their Hired
 Guides, Migrants Headed to the United States Decided to Stop.; Sent Back: A Group of Illegal Immigrants Headed Back to Mexico After Being Deported From Nogales. (Photographs by Joshua Lott for the New York Times) (A15) Graphics: In 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}, Transformation Along the Border: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Yuma{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tucson{\*\xmlclose}, Two Border Patrol Sectors in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Have Made Significant Improvements in Border Security Since 2005. (Sources: Government Accountability Office; Customs and Border Protection.) (A15) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Border patrol; Aliens; Citizenship; Surveillance
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Border Patrol-US; NAICS: 928120

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 16, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Watching the Line
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Section: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-21
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 20. Senate Democrats Finally Take a Stand}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Senate Democrats Finally Take a Stand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The Editorial Board
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: A.20.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Unlike the budget from the Congressional Progressive Caucus, it does not call for higher tax rates on the rich, or for a bigger estate tax, or for taxing capital gains as ordinary income. 
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Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
It's been four years since the Democrats who control the Senate produced a budget. That has meant four missed opportunities to demonstrate what they sta
nd for, in hard numbers and clear spending priorities. On Wednesday, the chamber's leaders stiffened their spines and issued a 2014 budget. If the result isn't quite a courageous resistance to political winds, it at least makes most of the right choices a
nd is a solid rebuttal to the heartless collection of obsolete dogmas that is the House budget. The plan, assembled by Senator Patty Murray of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, would raise nearly a $1 trillion in new revenue over a decade by eliminating tax loopholes and breaks 
that benefit wealthy taxpayers and corporations. It recommends either limiting the overall itemized deductions of the top 2 percent of taxpayers or eliminating individual loopholes like the favorable tax rates given to hedge-fund managers. Corporations wo
u
ld no longer be able to avoid taxation by hiding money overseas. At the same time, this budget cuts an equal amount of spending, $975 billion, in a way that avoids the reckless damage to vital programs and to the poor in the budget favored by the House. N
early a third of the reductions come from new efficiencies in Medicare and Medicaid, building on the reforms in the Affordable Care Act. The rest comes from defense cuts after American troops withdraw from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, along with cuts to wasteful programs l
ike agriculture supports. These cuts and revenue increases would replace the arbitrary reductions of the sequester, which does not distinguish between good and bad programs or pay attention to the heavy damage it would inflict on the economy, destroying u
p
 to a million jobs. Ms. Murray's plan, recognizing that government has to play a role in accelerating the recovery, would devote $100 billion to new job-creating investments: $50 billion for transportation projects, $10 billion for fixing dams and ports, 
$
20 billion for repairing schools and $10 billion for an infrastructure bank for big projects. The proposal could have gone further. Under pressure from the false Washington "consensus" that the deficit is an immediate problem, the plan fails to spend enou
g
h on education or even on President Obama's proposal for universal preschool. Unlike the budget from the Congressional Progressive Caucus, it does not call for higher tax rates on the rich, or for a bigger estate tax, or for taxing capital gains as ordina
r
y income. But it rejects the hard-right insistence that the budget must be balanced in the short term, the destructive goal of Paul Ryan's House version. As the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities noted on Friday, Mr. Ryan's budget gets at least two-th
i
rds of its $5 trillion in nondefense cuts from programs that benefit low- and moderate-income people. While providing the rich with a tax cut, it would cut trillions from Medicaid, food stamps, school lunches, nutrition aid and Pell Grants. The Senate now
 needs to make a strong defense of the principles it has, at last, put on paper. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Tax rates; Medicaid; Editorials; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, Murray, Patty (public official)
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Name: Congressional Progressive Caucus; NAICS: 921120; Name: Democratic Party; NAICS: 813940; Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Economy Rolls Along, Despite Cuts And Taxes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, Nelson D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 16 Mar 2013: B.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Higher gas prices helped lift consumer prices by 0.7
 percent in February, although the less volatile core reading that is closely followed by the Fed was up just 0.2 percent, according to other data released Friday by the Labor Department. According to Mr. Gault, the most important factor underlying the ec
onomy's recent strength is an improving housing sector -- a trend that may be further confirmed next week when Februrary statistics are released on housing starts and home sales. 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The American economy appears to be bucking the headwinds from 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, buoyed by healthy business activity and resilient consumers. The l
atest evidence came on Friday with a better-than-expected report on industrial production, led by a jump in the automobile sector. It follows bullish indicators earlier in the week, including a drop in new unemployment claims and strong retail sales. The 
d
ata has surprised economists like Ethan Harris of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, who on Friday revised upward the company's prediction for growth in the first quarter to 3 percent from an earlier estimate of 2 percent. Many experts had been looking for mo
r
e of a drag from the restoration of full Social Security taxes in January and the automatic, across-the-board cuts in federal spending that began March 1, a process known as sequestration. "It feels like the economy has some momentum and is in a little bi
t
 better shape to handle the sequester," Mr. Harris said. While higher taxes and lower federal spending are a "speed bump," he said, "the economy has better shock absorbers." Industrial production jumped 0.7 percent in February, the biggest gain in three m
onths, the Federal Reserve said. Economists had been expecting a 0.4 percent rise. Factory production and hiring are being bolstered in part by a rebound in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, which is driving output and exports among many major corporations, said Ian Shepherdson, chie
f economist for Pantheon Macroeconomic Advisors. The Chinese economy, the world's second-largest, slowed last summer and fall but regained momentum in recent months. To be sure, there are still reasons to be cautious, particularly in spring and early summ
er, when the combined force of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's fiscal restraint is expected to have its biggest impact. Gasoline prices have also been rising. Higher gas prices helped lift consumer prices by 0.7 percent in February, although the less volatile core reading tha
t is closely followed by the Fed was up just 0.2 percent, according to other data released Friday by the Labor Department. The jump in payroll taxes and gas prices is squeezing lower-income consumers in particular, said Steve Blitz, chief economist at ITG
.
 Big-ticket items like homes and cars continue to sell well, but otherwise-strong retail sales data out earlier this week showed that spending at restaurants declined for the second month in a row. "People who can't afford it aren't going out as much to e
at," Mr. Blitz said. Consumer confidence is also shaky. The preliminary Thomson Reuters/University of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 reading for March showed an unexpected drop Friday, dropping to 71.8, from 77.6 in February, its lowest level since December 2011. But so far cons
umers have not markedly changed their spending habits; retail sales data on Wednesday was better than had been expected. The improved retail spending over all was the "clincher" in Mr. Harris's decision to raise his forecast for growth. Nigel Gault, chief
 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose} economist at IHS Global Insight, said that the wariness of consumers in the new survey "may simply be a vote of no confidence in the government and the problems in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. It may not be represented in what consumers do." According to Mr. 
Gault, the most important factor underlying the economy's recent strength is an improving housing sector -- a trend that may be further confirmed next week when Februrary statistics are released on housing starts and home sales. Not only do consumers feel
 
more confident about spending when home values are rising, Mr. Gault said, but growth in the housing sector also results in greater demand for goods like furniture, carpeting and other furnishings. There are suggestions of that kind of trickle-down in oth
e
r recent economic reports. Of the 236,000 jobs the government reported as being created in February, 48,000 were in the construction sector. Similarly, building supplies were among the strongest components in the most recent report on retail sales. "Housi
n
g helps everything," said Mr. Gault, who also lifted his estimates for growth in the first quarter. Like Mr. Harris and several other economic forecasters, he also foresees a temporary slowdown in the second quarter when the worst fallout from the sequest
e
r and the higher taxes is expected to show up in the economy's Geiger counters. Despite the more robust indicators in recent weeks, the Fed is expected to maintain its efforts to keep interest rates ultralow and pump tens of billions of dollars into the e
c
onomy each month, a policy known as quantitative easing. The majority of Fed officials have said they would not consider a shift in policy as long as unemployment was above 6.5 percent. Fed policy makers are to meet Tuesday and Wednesday. While unemployme
n
t has come down slowly from its recent high of 10 percent, economists say the Fed's easy money policy has been integral to keeping the economy moving, as well as lifting the stock market to new highs. The Fed is pumping $85 billion into the financial syst
em each month -- about what the sequester will drain from the economy between now and Sept. 30, said Maury Harris, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at UBS. The money created by the Fed's policies is slowly filtering its way through the economy as banks ease le
nding standards and increase some lines of credit. "It's not as quick as everyone hoped, but the money is being deployed," said Mr. Harris. "It has a lot of knock-on effects." Photograph A Rodon Group Factory in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hatfield{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pa.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Factory Output in February Was
 Up More Than Expected, According to the Federal Reserve. (Photograph by Matt Rourke/Associated Press) (B7) Charts: Industrial Production; Consumer Prices;Capacity Utilization (Source: Federal Reserve); {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} And Major Metropolitan Areas (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics) (B7) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Industrial production; Economic forecasts; Social security taxes; Housing starts; Statistical data; Economic conditions
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-21
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 22. Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Clamor to Be Spared the Pain as Budget Cuts Descend}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pear, Robert
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 14 Mar 2013: A.22.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Hunter R. Rawlings III, a historian of ancient {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Greece{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 who is the president of the Association of American Universities, joined Wesley G. Bush, the chief executive of Northrop Grumman, the maker of surveillance drones and B-2 bombers, in a news conference i
n which they denounced the automatic cuts known as sequestration. "There is a fair amount of confusion," said Becky H. Timmons, an assistant vice president of the American Council on Education, an umbrella group that lobbies for colleges and universities.
 
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HYPERLINK http://www.galileo.usg.edu/sfx_gatech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Clamor%20to%20Be%20Spared%20the%20Pain%20as%20Budget%20Cuts%20Descend:%20%5BNational%20
Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-14&volume=&issue=&spage=A.22&au=Pear,%20Robert&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Construction companies are lobbying the government 
to spare their projects from across-the-board cuts. Drug companies are pleading with the White House to use all the fees they pay to speed the approval of new medicines. And supporters of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}
 have begun a campaign to make sure the Jewish state receives the full amount of military assistance promised by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. A frenzy of lobbying has been touched off by President Obama's order to slice spending this year by $85 billion, divided equally between military and civilian programs. The cuts have cre
ated new alliances and strange bedfellows. Hunter R. Rawlings III, a historian of ancient {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Greece{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 who is the president of the Association of American Universities, joined Wesley G. Bush, the chief executive of Northrop Grumman, the maker of surveillance dro
nes and B-2 bombers, in a news conference in which they denounced the automatic cuts known as sequestration. Health care and education groups, advocates for poor people, and state and local officials who fought in the past for bigger budgets are now tryin
g to minimize the pain. Anne Kauffman Nolon, the president of Hudson River HealthCare, which operates 22 community health centers in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, is urging Congress to provide money to offset the cuts. If that is not possible, she said, it would be better to d
elay opening new clinics so she and her colleagues did not have to cut back care for patients they already served. Ms. Nolon said her clinics were losing $1 million of the $10.8 million they expected from the federal government this year to care for 87,00
0
 patients. Nationwide, the number of clinics increased sharply under President George W. Bush, and Congress provided more money for clinics to serve people expected to gain insurance under Mr. Obama's health care overhaul. The pace of lobbying has picked 
u
p because of a widespread belief that this year's cuts are locked in and may be a prelude to further cuts in the same programs in each of the next eight years. The Budget Control Act, signed by Mr. Obama in 2011, set annual spending limits from 2013 throu
g
h 2021 and calls for across-the-board cuts to enforce those limits. "Under the law, federal support of research is headed steadily downhill," said Mr. Rawlings, a former president of Cornell. "The nine-year trend is just terrible." Thousands of patients, 
d
octors and scientists from around the country plan to hold a rally here on April 8 to show support for biomedical research and the National Institutes of Health, which is losing $1.55 billion of its $31 billion annual budget. Mr. Obama ordered the cuts af
t
er efforts to reach a bipartisan deal collapsed on Capitol Hill. Under a formula set by Congress, the White House calculated that domestic spending subject to the automatic cuts would be reduced by 5 percent. The White House has specified how much will be
 
cut from hundreds of accounts. The law calls for a uniform percentage cut in each "program, project and activity" within a budget account. Lobbyists and even some agency officials are trying to figure out what that means. "There is a fair amount of confus
i
on," said Becky H. Timmons, an assistant vice president of the American Council on Education, an umbrella group that lobbies for colleges and universities. "You can't find a college campus that can tell you exactly what will befall them. There's a vague s
w
ord of Damocles hanging over us." When the Government Accountability Office, an investigative arm of Congress, examined automatic cuts under a similar law in 1986, it found "widespread confusion among agencies." Some, like the Education Department, have b
een clear about their plans this year. Others, like the N.I.H., are still trying to decide where to cut. Education Secretary Arne Duncan has issued a preliminary list showing how the cuts will affect the nation's 100 largest school districts. 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York City{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 
faces a 2.1 percent cut in school aid for children from low-income families under the Title I program. The cuts will reduce grants by 7.3 percent in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Boston{\*\xmlclose} and 10 percent in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Corpus Christi{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tex.{\*\xmlclose}, while Title I aid to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} schools would not be cut. Fed
eral education officials said they had little discretion. The money is distributed under a formula that takes account of changes in the number of poor children in a school district and limits cuts from one year to the next. Officials at the health institu
t
es appear to have more discretion because they award grants based on scientific merit, in an elaborate process of peer review. The agency has 20 institutes focusing on different illnesses like cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Sally J. Rockey, a deputy 
d
irector of the N.I.H., said that the budget for each institute would be cut by 5 percent, but that the head of each institute would decide how to allocate the cuts. That creates opportunities for researchers and patients' advocates to weigh in. Dr. Robert
 P. Kimberly, a senior associate dean of the medical school at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose} of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Birmingham{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, said he had informed members of Congress that "our research programs are already being cut back." The Food and Drug Administration relies heavily on "user 
fees" paid by drug companies to finance its operations, including the review of new products. Drug companies must continue paying the full amount of the fees -- nearly $1.7 billion this year -- but Mr. Obama's order prevents the agency from spending $83 m
i
llion of the money collected. Drug makers are pressing Congress and the administration to change that. "By law, prescription drug user fees cannot be used for any purpose other than to support the F.D.A.'s human drug review program," said Josephine C. Mar
t
in, an executive vice president of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, a lobby group for the industry. "The sequestration of user fees exacerbates the already severe budgetary constraints on the agency." Members of the American Israe
l Public Affairs Committee descended on Capitol Hill last week to oppose cuts in foreign aid, which could eliminate $155 million of the $3.1 billion in military assistance that Mr. Obama requested for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. At the same time, the Associated General Contractors of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, a trade group, has flooded Congress with e-mails and letters protesting the automatic cuts in hundreds of public works projects. "More than $4 billion in federal construction spending could be cut during the next seven months of the fiscal
 year as a result of the sequester," said James Christianson, a lobbyist for the contractors. College lobbyists said that military contractors had asked for help in fighting the automatic budget cuts. Together they found a confluence of interests. "You ca
n't have a strong military if you have a fat and uneducated pool of recruits," said Emily J. Holubowich, a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 lobbyist who specializes in building coalitions. She is the executive director of the Coalition for Health Funding and a coordinator of a n
ew advocacy group that champions spending for education, science, housing, transportation and law-enforcement programs. 
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School districts; Education; Health care policy; Biomedical research; Lobbying; Health facilities; Government spending; Federal budget
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-22
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 23. Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cuts Give Obama Path to Create Leaner Military}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sanger, David E; Shanker, Thom
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 11 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Last week, a group of five former deputy defense secretaries -- essentially the Pentagon's chief operating officers -- called for a "bottom up" review that reassesses the nee
d for each major program and weapons system, saying this was an opportunity to accomplish cuts that have long been delayed, after a decade in which the American national security budget has nearly doubled. 
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
CORRECTION APPENDEDWASHINGTON -- At a time when $46 billion in mandatory budget cuts are causing anxiety at t
he Pentagon, administration officials see one potential benefit: there may be an opening to argue for deep reductions in programs long in President Obama's sights, and long resisted by Congress. On the list are not only base closings but also an additiona
l reduction in deployed nuclear weapons and stockpiles and a restructuring of the military medical insurance program that costs more than {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} spends on all of its diplomacy and foreign aid around the world. Also being considered is yet another scaling b
ack in next-generation warplanes, starting with the F-35, the most expensive weapons program in United States history. None of those programs would go away. But inside the Pentagon, even some senior officers are saying that the reductions, if done smartly
,
 could easily exceed those mandated by sequestration, as the cuts are called, and leave room for the areas where the administration believes more money will be required. These include building drones, developing offensive and defensive cyberweapons and fo
c
using on Special Operations forces. Publicly, at least, Mr. Obama has not backed any of those cuts, even though he has deplored the "dumb" approach of simply cutting every program in the military equally. Mr. Obama will visit Capitol Hill on Tuesday in an
o
ther attempt to persuade lawmakers to reach a long-term deficit-reduction deal and replace the indiscriminate cuts with more targeted ones. Still, Pentagon officials are starting to examine targeted ways to cut their budget. "What we've learned in the pas
t
 year is that the politics of dumb cuts is easy, because no one has to think through the implications of slicing everything by 8 percent," said one senior defense official who has been deeply involved in the planning process. "The politics of cutting indi
vidual programs is as hard as it's always been." When Mr. Obama took office four years ago, with the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} wars raging, deep cuts in the defense budget seemed unthinkable. He forced the Pentagon to cut nearly $50 billion a year, which was reg
arded by many as huge. But today, deficit hawks outnumber defense hawks on Capitol Hill, and the possibility of $100 billion or more in additional annual cuts does not seem outrageous -- if only agreement were possible on which programs should shrink fast
e
st. Last week, a group of five former deputy defense secretaries -- essentially the Pentagon's chief operating officers -- called for a "bottom up" review that reassesses the need for each major program and weapons system, saying this was an opportunity t
o
 accomplish cuts that have long been delayed, after a decade in which the American national security budget has nearly doubled. In their more candid moments -- almost always when speaking with a guarantee of anonymity -- the Pentagon's top civilian and mi
l
itary leaders acknowledge that the painful sequestration process may ultimately prove beneficial if it forces the Defense Department and Congress to reconsider the cost of cold-war-era systems that are still in inventory despite the many changes made to t
he military in the last 10 years. "Sequester is an ugly experience, but it could grow up to be a budget discipline swan," said Gordon Adams, a former senior budget official in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Clinton{\*\xmlclose}
 administration who is now at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Stimson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, which studies defens
e issues. "It could provide the planning discipline the services and the building have been missing since 2001." The central challenge facing the Pentagon and the White House, Mr. Adams and several current senior officials said, is this: All the big, imme
d
iate budget benefits come from reducing the size of active-duty forces. By contrast, cutting new weapons systems and bases and reducing health care costs can save large amounts 5 to 10 years out, but it does little in the short term. Mr. Obama took a step
 in that direction in 2011, when he rejected a Pentagon request for a permanent standing force of 100,000 or so troops for future "contingency operations" like those in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "That's not the way we are going to go," he told his staff after t
he request was received. The message quickly got back to the Pentagon that Mr. Obama had no interest in repeating the kind of lengthy interventions that have consumed more than $3 trillion since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. But the Pentagon's subsequent
 
agreement to cut $500 billion in planned spending over a decade turns out to have been just a start, and military officials are now abandoning the phrase that they will have to "do more with less" and starting to assess what it would mean to just do less.
 
Toward that end, officials say that Ashton B. Carter, the deputy defense secretary, plans to convene a panel of experts to conduct a crash review of the current national military strategy with an eye to reshaping it to fit the new budget constraints. Mr. 
C
arter, whom the White House asked to remain under the new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, has already cut the budget for information technology, to force the Pentagon to find cheaper ways to provide it, officials say. But the next set of cuts will be much
 
harder, because they involve huge constituencies -- in Congressional districts, inside the military services and among veterans' groups. "The problem is that the biggest, most-needed cuts are in programs that also have the broadest set of defenders," said
 
Maren Leed, the director of the defense policy studies group at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington and a former top aide to Gen. Ray Odierno, now the Army's chief of staff. The most obvious examples of those problems come in 
b
ase closings and higher co-payments or premiums for the beneficiaries of Tricare, the military's sprawling health care program, which costs upward of $51 billion a year. To take the politics out of base closings, Congress in the past has established a com
m
ission to identify underused facilities, creating a list that it could either vote up or down on but could not amend. But with many of the targeted bases now fairly obvious to members of Congress, they are reluctant even to establish a new commission. Sim
i
larly, Congress turned back a modest administration effort to revamp Tricare. "There's not a single district without a lot of beneficiaries of the system," Ms. Leed said. Cuts in the nuclear arsenal face a different political imperative. Mr. Obama has bee
n sitting for months on a proposal, agreed to by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that could trim the number of active nuclear weapons in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's arsenal by nearly a third and make big cuts in the stockpile of backup weapons. But he has not signed off on it. Rather than act unilaterally, the administration is hoping it can negotiate similar cuts with President Vladimir V. Putin of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Russia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- and do it without a treaty that would surely set off another battle with defense hawks in the Senate. But that prospect is 
doubtful, senior officials say. Even if Mr. Obama wins his strategic argument that the arsenal is far too large for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's future defense needs, it is not clear how big the savings would be. The easiest weapons to cut -- those based in silos in the midd
le of the country -- are also the cheapest to keep in the field. The most expensive nuclear weapons to operate are carried aboard submarines; they are also the most invulnerable to attack, and thus Pentagon and White House strategists want to preserve the
m
 the longest. Moreover, operating a production base for nuclear weapons, the Defense Department's insurance policy in case the country ever needed to produce more, is very costly -- though the administration is looking for ways to cut an $80 billion commi
t
ment to remake America's nuclear laboratories. The biggest target of all is the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, a new jet for the Navy, the Air Force and the Marines, and the largest single line item in the Pentagon's budget. Between $55 billion and $84 billio
n
 has already been spent, but the estimates of final production costs run close to $400 billion. The Marine Corps says it has no choice but to go forward with its version of the plane, because its current aircraft are obsolete, and the Air Force wants to r
e
place aging F-16s with the new, stealthy plane. But the program was wildly mismanaged during the Bush administration -- "The Joint Strike Fighter program has been both a scandal and a tragedy," Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, said in December 
2
011 -- and now that the number of planes scheduled for production has already been slashed, the per-plane cost has risen to about $137 million each. The handling of the production by Lockheed Martin, and the huge changes demanded by each of the services, 
h
as made the plane an easy target for critics. But Lockheed has spread production over nearly every state in the union, in order to keep Congressional support high: as soon as the discussion veers toward strategic needs, Lockheed begins to stress the jobs 
a
t risk if the program were cut or canceled. Correction: March 18, 2013, Monday This article has been revised to reflect the following correction: An article last Monday about the possibility that President Obama could use $46 billion in mandatory cuts to 
c
reate a leaner military misstated the individual cost of F-35 warplanes, which could face another scaling back before going into production. According to a report last year by the Government Accountability Office, the average price is about $137 million e
ach, not "well over $1 billion" each. Photograph An F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Assembly Line at a Lockheed Martin Plant in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Fort Worth{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. The White House Is Considering Reducing the Weapons Program. (Photograph by Reuters); Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton Carte
r, Right, and Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Joint Chiefs Chairman, Testifying On the Cuts. (Photograph by J. Scott Applewhite/Associated Press) (A14) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budget deficits; Armed forces; Defense spending; Federal budget
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Department of Defense; NAICS: 928110

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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-19
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Jobless Rate Dips To Four-Year Low; 236,000 Jobs Added}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Schwartz, Nelson D; Appelbaum, Binyamin
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 09 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Even as analysts hailed a better-than-expected jobs report on Friday that pointed to an acceleration in growth, they warned that stronger employment gains are being put at risk by sequestration, the automatic spending cuts being imposed by the federal gov
ernment. [...]he and other economists expected that the pace of job creation would slow, leaving the unemployment rate not much lower than where it is now. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The economy picked up speed in February, creating jobs at a pace that would substantially lower the unemployment rate. But {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 could put a stop to that. Even as analysts hailed a better-than-expected jobs report on Friday that pointed to an acceleration in growth, they warned that stronger employment gains are being put at risk by sequestration, the automatic spending cuts
 being imposed by the federal government. "They're doing their best to get in the way," Nigel Gault, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at IHS Global Insight, said of lawmakers and other officials. "But the good news is that the economy is carrying plenty of mo
mentum going into sequestration." The Labor Department reported that the economy added 236,000 jobs in February as the unemployment rate sank to 7.7 percent, down from 7.9 percent in January and the lowest level since December 2008. Wall Street expected n
o more than 165,000 additional jobs in February, and the surprise helped lift the Dow Jones industrial average to another new nominal record, its fourth for the week. It closed at 14,397.07. But many experts said if it were not for political gridlock in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which led to the automatic spending reductions on March 1, the performance of the job market and the broader economy would be even more robust in the months ahead. "It does suggest a bit more cushion heading into the spring, when we will see the b
ulk of the impact from the sequester and fiscal pullback," said Michelle Meyer, senior {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. "This was a good report. It's hard to poke holes in it. But we think we'll see some slowdown in April and May b
ecause of the sequester." Mr. Gault estimated that the economy would achieve a 1.5 percent growth rate in the first half of 2013. Without the spending cuts and a rise in Social Security taxes that went into effect in January, he said, the economy would pr
o
bably advance at double that pace. As a result, he and other economists expected that the pace of job creation would slow, leaving the unemployment rate not much lower than where it is now. If jobs were added at February's pace for the rest of 2013, the u
n
employment rate would crack the closely watched 7 percent level by the end of the year. Instead, Ms. Meyer predicted that unemployment would remain near 7.5 percent. Macroeconomic Advisers, an independent forecasting firm, predicted that the federal spend
i
ng cuts would cost about 700,000 jobs this year, with most of the damage occurring in the second and third quarters. While the economy is expected to continue to add enough jobs to keep the jobless rate from rising significantly, estimates like these sugg
e
st that without the drag from Washington the labor market might have added, on average, a robust 300,000 jobs a month or so. The data for February, adjusted for normal seasonal variations, do not reflect the federal cuts, which are expected to affect not 
j
ust government jobs but also industries that rely on public spending. Public sector employment continued a long decline, with the number of state and local government workers falling by 10,000 in February. Over all, there are now 366,000 fewer government 
workers in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 than there were two years ago. On Friday, the White House was quick to point to the new data as a sign that the economy is strengthening even as it warned of the impact from the squeeze on spending. "The recovery is gaining trac
tion," said Alan Krueger, chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers. But the sequestration, he said, "is an unnecessary headwind. It's something that will slow the expansion. We're poised for stronger growth if we don't get in the way with 
m
isguided fiscal policy." In some respects, the rest of the year is shaping up as a tug of war between a strengthening private sector and federal austerity. Private hiring last month was broad-based, with healthy job gains in several areas, including busin
e
ss services and manufacturing. The increase in construction was especially strong, with 48,000 more jobs, a sign that the recovery in the housing market was beginning to translate into new jobs. Hours worked were up and wages advanced as well. Not everyth
i
ng in the picture was brighter, however. One cause for concern was the continued shrinkage of the labor force, which had 130,000 fewer workers in February. Some of that was because of retirements, but another factor was discouraged workers who dropped out
 
of the work force. The labor participation rate sank to 63.5 percent, a low for the current economic cycle. Republicans said Friday's report was a welcome development but noted that the unemployment rate remained high by modern standards. "Today's jobs re
port brings good news for those who have returned to the work force, and we celebrate that," said Reince Priebus, chairman of the Republican National Committee. "But we must recognize that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} must do better than 7.7 percent unemployment. There is still
 more work to be done." John Boehner, the Republican speaker of the House, echoed Mr. Priebus, and said that the government's large budget deficits posed economic risks of their own. "Any job creation is positive news, but the fact is unemployment in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 is still way above the levels the Obama White House projected when the trillion-dollar stimulus spending bill was enacted," he said. "And the federal government's ongoing spending binge has resulted in a debt that exceeds the size of our entire economy.
" At 7.7 percent, unemployment is still more than a percentage point above the level at which the Federal Reserve said it would reconsider efforts to stimulate the economy by keeping interest rates ultralow and buying up tens of billions in financial asse
t
s each month. "The report is not a game-changer for the Fed," said Julia Coronado, chief North American economist at BNP Paribas. "The labor market is clearly moving in the right direction, although it is a slow improvement." Still, Friday's report gave D
an Haney a shot in the arm. "I was all psyched this morning," said Mr. Haney, a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Philadelphia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 resident who lost his job as a customer service representative for Express Scripts two years ago. Later this month, Mr. Haney has a job interview for a position as 
a union organizer, and he said he felt encouraged by signs employers were beginning to hire again. "At this point, I have to take what comes down the pike," said Mr. Haney, who is 54. "I'm on the computer every day looking for jobs." A high school graduat
e
, Mr. Haney has some computer training but lacks a college degree, which has made finding a job all the more difficult. "Some of these entry-level jobs say college is preferred," Mr. Haney said. "Why do you need a college degree to answer a phone?" The gu
l
f between workers with a bachelor's degree and the rest of the population remains vast: unemployment among college graduates was 3.8 percent, half the overall rate. But in an encouraging sign for people like Mr. Haney, the jobless rate for high school gra
duates dropped to 7.9 percent from 8.1 percent. "This was definitely a strong report," said Jan Hatzius, chief {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 economist at Goldman Sachs. "But we've had strong unemployment reports before in this recovery that weren't sustained." Chart The La
bor Picture in February (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics); Growing Jobs, but Could There Be More?: Spending Cuts by the Federal Government Are Expected to Be a Drag On Job Growth This Year, Costing Roughly 700,000 Jobs by One Estimate. (Source: Macroec
onomic Advisers) (A3) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Unemployment; Federal budget; Labor market; Economic conditions; Economic forecasting

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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 25. Looming Cuts Add to Problems at Nuclear Site}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Looming Cuts Add to Problems at Nuclear Site}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Johnson, Kirk
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
For the nation's largest environmental cleanup project, a legacy of World War II and the cold war, the announcement last month of six newly confirmed leaking tanks of radioactive waste was added evidence that even after decades of work and billions of dol
lars in taxpayer sacrifice, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation's risks remain unresolved. 
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ooming%20Cuts%20Add%20to%20Problems%20at%20Nuclear%20Site:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-08&volume=&issue=&spage=A.14&au=Johnson,%20Kirk&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
RICHLAND, Wash. -- Here in the place where plutonium production for the nation's bomb arsenal was elevated to industrial scale, in the rolling scrub country of south-central Washington, dangerous industrial pollutants are still getting into the 
soil only a few miles from the Columbia River. For the nation's largest environmental cleanup project, a legacy of World War II and the cold war, the announcement last month of six newly confirmed leaking tanks of radioactive waste was added evidence that
 
even after decades of work and billions of dollars in taxpayer sacrifice, the Hanford Nuclear Reservation's risks remain unresolved. But as Washington's new governor, Jay Inslee, swept onto the site on Wednesday for a hard-hat tour and a briefing, and fed
e
ral officials warned of layoffs from budget cuts rippling through the federal Department of Energy, the reminder was equally clear, state and federal officials said, that government has always been the real defining force at this place. Nature might, in t
he end, bat last at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, in deciding whether the land can ever be healed, but in the meantime government policy and spending decisions are running the bases. "I'm very disturbed that at the very month that we have six new leaking tanks of radioactive ma
terial, the sequestration hits, which could result in the furlough of several thousand people," said Mr. Inslee, a Democrat and a former congressman. The federal Department of Energy said this week that up to 4,800 workers out of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s 9,000-person wor
k force, mostly employed by private contractors, could be hit with furloughs or layoffs starting April 1. About 1,200 workers were already laid off from late 2011 to January 2013 -- unrelated to the mandatory budget cuts known as the sequester -- as techn
i
cal problems slowed down construction of a $12.3 billion waste processing plant at the site. Those cuts have already rippled through the local economy. "It's nasty," said Joan Nelson, 72, the owner of Rosy's Ice Cream and Diner, a breakfast and lunch spot
 in Richland, where employee hours have been cut as residents stopped going out to eat as much. Ms. Nelson -- she named the place for a doll she and her sisters shared growing up -- said {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has always swung in its ups and downs with the vicissitudes of the federal check. The city was essentially built from scratch as a federal company town for 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 workers starting in 1943. "It's a roller coaster," she said. Her husband, David -- in a typical example of the web connecting the town and the vast federal works outside it -- is an electrical engineer at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Federal cleanup managers, in interviews with reporters who were invited to the site for Mr. Inslee's walkabout, emphasized that the new leaks pose no public health threat to 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} or anywhere 
else. The amounts are small, less than three gallons a day from the six newly identified leakers, and are far from any underground or surface water that might be contaminated, including the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Columbia River
{\*\xmlclose} itself, they said. But the uncertainties in financi
al terms, about how things might proceed from here, and with what tools, are genuine and grave, they said. "We've got a lot of risks out there -- sequestration is one of them," said Tom Fletcher, who administers {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s 177 tanks of radioactive waste as 
the assistant manager of tank farms at the Department of Energy's Office of River Protection. Mr. Inslee, who has declared a "zero tolerance policy," as regards environmental threats at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- and the federal government's decades-old promise to fix wha
t it broke on the land -- said he would be unrelenting in keeping the pressure on. He applauded a decision this week by the Department of Energy to accelerate proposals to send some lower-level nuclear waste -- including material from five of the leaking 
tanks -- to a repository in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. But those plans also face hurdles in approvals and technical details, and are years into the future in any event, Mr. Inslee conceded, which means the leaks will continue. That federal spending could retreat even as t
he need for its continuation is underscored by new leaks, Mr. Inslee said, is the real threat at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "Not only will it slow down this process, which we have been waiting decades to get done, but it will also make it more expensive for the taxpayers in
 the long run," he said, referring to the job cuts. "So this is extremely discouraging news that the Congress has not been able to solve this problem." No one doubts that the cleanup of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- in scale and technical challenge, and therefore, cost -- is
 anything but daunting. Nine nuclear reactors, producing plutonium for bombs -- from the one that exploded over Nagasaki in 1945, to the ballistic missile stockpiles of the 1950s through the '80s -- created waste that piled up year upon year to a total of
 
about 56 million gallons' worth. About one million gallons of that is believed to have leaked over time from 67 of the 149 single-shell storage tanks at the 586-square-mile site. Part of the problem that has nagged construction of a treatment plant -- whi
c
h would fuse the waste with glass into stable, storable logs for long-term burial, a process called vitrification -- is knowing with certainty the composition of the waste that might flow through pipelines from the tanks. That led to a halt of constructio
n
 last year at one of the four giant structures, called the pretreatment building, until technical questions could be resolved, said Todd A. Nelson, a spokesman for the lead contractor at the plant construction site, Bechtel National. Work was also reduced
 on one other building, he said, pending resolution of technical questions and completion of design. Those kinds of problems have been {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hanford{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's chronic pattern, said Tom Carpenter, the executive director of Hanford Challenge, a Seattle-based watchdog group
 that has represented whistle-blowers at the site. "What you end up with is a system that's very good at spending money," he said. And wasting it: On Thursday, a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} company called CH2M Hill Hanford Group and its parent company, a contractor in managi
ng the waste tanks, agreed to pay $18.5 million to settle civil and criminal federal allegations of timecard fraud in billing for years of inflated overtime, the Justice Department said. Photograph The Cleanup of the Remnants of Bomb Making Is Under Way a
t
 the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Where Six Tanks of Radioactive Waste Are Said to Be Leaking.; Gov. Jay Inslee of Washington Said He Was Disturbed That the Possibility of Automatic Federal Budget Cuts Came to Light Just As It Was Confirmed That Radioacti
ve Waste Was Leaking From Tanks at Hanford. (Photographs by Matthew Ryan Williams for the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Radioactive wastes; Federal budget; Surface water; Nuclear accidents & safety; Layoffs; Environmental cleanup
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Department of Energy; NAICS: 926130
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-13
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 26. A Budget Delayed, to Little G.O.P. Sympathy}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A Budget Delayed, to Little G.O.P. Sympathy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 08 Mar 2013: A.17.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
On Thursday, Speaker John A. Boehner, Republican of Ohio, challenged the White House, saying, "Where is their plan to balance the budget?" And earlier this week, the Republican minority leader in the Senate, Mitch McConnell of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, took note of the ru
mors of an April budget submission and scolded Mr. Obama from the Senate floor, saying, "That goes far beyond the pale of just missing deadlines. 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- After a year-end fiscal crisis and protracted deficit-cutting negotiations between the White House and Congress scrambled the government's accounting, the president was more
 than a month late in meeting a deadline set by law for getting his annual budget to Capitol Hill in the new year. President Obama? Yes, and Republicans are not happy about it. But before him there was President Ronald Reagan, who exactly a quarter-centur
y
 ago sent his budget to Congress 45 days late, citing the disruptions and data changes forced by the late-1987 deficit reduction deal that he had negotiated with Democrats, who controlled Congress. As of Friday, Mr. Obama is 32 days late in delivering his
 
budget for the 2014 fiscal year, which starts Oct. 1. Even now, White House officials will not say when it will surface, but some privately suggest early April. That time frame would cause Mr. Obama to break Mr. Reagan's record for tardiness by a presiden
t
 who is not new to the office. The blueprint's arrival would follow House and Senate action over the next two weeks on their respective budgets, reversing the usual order; the president has gone first since 1921. And the delay would lend new meaning to th
e
 abbreviation for the White House Office of Management and Budget, O.M.B. -- Obama's Missing Budget. Unlike Congressional Democrats in 1988, who expressed understanding for the lateness of Mr. Reagan's budget, Republican leaders now are not as sympathetic
 
toward Mr. Obama, in another sign of the current heightened partisanship. On Thursday, Speaker John A. Boehner, Republican of Ohio, challenged the White House, saying, "Where is their plan to balance the budget?" And earlier this week, the Republican mino
rity leader in the Senate, Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, took note of the rumors of an April budget submission and scolded Mr. Obama from the Senate floor, saying, "That goes far beyond the pale of just missing deadlines." "It's time for the president to get
 his budget plan over to us -- not next week or next month, but now," Mr. McConnell said. Mr. Obama's budget office might have had his budget ready by late March, some Democrats say, if the only delaying factor was the four months of wrangling since the N
o
vember election over fiscal crises of Congress's and the White House's own making. But now Senate Democrats want Mr. Obama to hold off on releasing his budget until they finish work on their own this month, lest Republicans seize on inconsistencies betwee
n
 the two to score political points. But the serial fiscal crises are the main culprit. First, the two parties contended over the so-called fiscal cliff late last year, which threatened broad tax increases; they ultimately agreed to limit those to the rich
e
st taxpayers. Then Mr. Obama and Republicans tussled to an impasse over spending and taxes. Absent their agreement on a deficit-reduction alternative, the standoff forced indiscriminate across-the-board spending cuts, known as sequestration, for military 
a
nd domestic programs, starting last weekend. And now Congress and the White House are preoccupied with the March 27 expiration of the law setting current spending levels for federal programs and agencies, seeking a mutually agreeable extension that will p
r
event a government shutdown. For the administration's number crunchers, all this has meant that the usual work of preparing the president's budget has had to take a back seat as the bureaucrats help the negotiators and advise federal agencies left in the 
l
urch. Each outcome of the high-level talks changes the spending and revenue data underlying the next budget. On New Year's Day, as on most days, work went on at the budget office. Just after the year began, Representative Paul D. Ryan, Republican of Wisco
n
sin and chairman of the House Budget Committee, wrote to the acting director of Mr. Obama's budget office, Jeffrey D. Zients, asking when the president's proposal would reach Congress. Mr. Zients did not give a date in his response two days later, only co
n
firming that the budget would be delayed because of "the protracted 'fiscal cliff' negotiations," which consumed the final two months of 2012. This week, after another two months of fighting over the budget cuts from sequestration, the White House press s
e
cretary, Jay Carney, still did not have a date for reporters. "There is no question that the series of crises, largely manufactured, that we and Congress have been having to deal with over the past several months have had an impact on that process." The p
o
stponement of Mr. Obama's budget "is only to be expected, given what we've been through," said Robert D. Reischauer, a former Congressional Budget Office director. But, he added, "lots of trees are going to be killed for no significant purpose if it's not
 
meaningful." He and other fiscal analysts say it should be no wonder that the House and Senate budget committees will be able to produce their own budget proposals before the administration does. Congressional budget resolutions are significantly less det
a
iled, filling pages while administration budgets fill volumes. A president's budget, with tens of thousands of line items for expenditures and revenues projected years ahead, must stand as something of a historical record of the fiscal moment, regardless 
o
f what Congress does with many of the particulars. "The president's budget might be dead on arrival in Congress for political reasons, but it shouldn't be irrelevant for numbers reasons," Mr. Reischauer said. "And given the fiscal cliff uncertainty, there
 
was no knowing what the numbers would be, what the base was off of which the policies would be proposed. And then, of course, we had the question of what was going to happen with the sequester." Typically, only new presidents are notably late in submittin
g
 budgets because they take office shortly before the due date, currently the first Monday in February. President Bill Clinton was 66 days late in 1993, and President George W. Bush was 63 days late in 2001. But Mr. Obama holds the record. As he took offic
e
 at the height of a recession and a financial crisis, his bigger priorities in early 2009 were passing an economic stimulus and rescuing the auto and financial industries. His first budget was 98 days late. Photograph Nancy Pelosi, the House Minority Lead
er, and Speaker John A. Boehner Held Dueling News Conferences On Thursday Over Legislation to Prevent a Government Shutdown On March 27. (Photographs by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Presidents; Budget deficits; Federal budget; Federal legislation
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-13
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27. House G.O.P. Plans a Budget That Retains Tax Increases and Medicare Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 27 of 90
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 House G.O.P. Plans a Budget That Retains Tax Increases and Medicare Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
[...]Mr. Ryan offered tempered praise for the cuts to Medicare that helped finance the Affordable Care Act, cuts that he denounced as his party'
s vice-presidential nominee but that will help him avoid subjecting people older than 55 to his Medicare changes. "Because of Obamacare, you have -- for a moment in time -- lower Medicare spending rates," he said. 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- House Republicans will preserve Medicare cuts that their presid
ential nominee loudly denounced last year and accept tax increases they sternly opposed just months ago in a new tax-and-spending blueprint that would bring the federal budget into balance by 2023, senior Republicans said Wednesday. But the politically ch
a
rged proposal, which emerged as the House easily passed legislation to keep the government financed through Sept. 30, is not expected to include workers currently 55 and over in major changes recommended for Medicare, after more moderate Republicans objec
t
ed. The vote on the short-term spending bill was moved up because of a predicted storm that failed to meet expectations but that still shut down the federal government. "Our goal is not to pass a budget and forget about it," said Representative Paul D. Ry
an of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairman of the House Budget Committee. "Our goal is to get a down payment on this problem for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. The value of a Republican majority ought to be, at the very least, to help delay a debt crisis from hitting this country." Although the 
House budget will not formally be unveiled until next Tuesday, the briefing by Mr. Ryan kicked off what could be a more orderly process of reviewing the nation's fiscal picture after two years of chaotic clashes on the issue. As the spending measure advan
c
ed, President Obama kept up his charm offensive with Republicans in pursuit of a bipartisan deal to reduce the deficit and undo the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday. He dined with nearly a dozen Senate Republicans at the Jefferson Hotel 
in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on Wednesday night, and he continued his phone calls, reaching out to Senator Johnny Isakson, Republican of Georgia, and speaking for some time to Mr. Ryan, the congressman confirmed. Mr. Obama is expected to invite him to lunch in the coming 
days. Senator Ron Johnson of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, one of Mr. Obama's fiercest critics in the Senate, who nonetheless accepted a dinner invitation from him, said: "I've always said I'm willing to work with anybody who's willing to acknowledge the problem to solve it.
 Maybe that got noticed. I'll certainly give the president the benefit of the doubt." Introduction of the House budget will be the first substantive step toward any bipartisan legislative deal on the deficit, but the path forward is narrow and steep. Mr. 
R
yan said his plan would bring the budget into balance in a decade, largely by sticking to the prescriptions of his last two budgets, which Mr. Obama made foils of his re-election campaign. Those include cutting spending on food stamps and social services,
 
converting Medicare into a system that gives older people a fixed subsidy that would be used to buy insurance on the private market and turning Medicaid -- the health care program for the poor -- into block grants to states. "I wouldn't expect big surpris
e
s from us next week," Mr. Ryan said. But he made clear he would extend some olive branches, for the sake of comity but also in pursuit of his balanced budget. The tax increases on the affluent that Mr. Obama secured in January during the showdown over the
 
so-called fiscal cliff will be reflected in the revenues Republicans expect to flow to the Treasury in their budget. "Revenue went up significantly two months ago with the fiscal cliff deal," Mr. Ryan said. "We're not going to refight that fight." Also, M
r
. Ryan offered tempered praise for the cuts to Medicare that helped finance the Affordable Care Act, cuts that he denounced as his party's vice-presidential nominee but that will help him avoid subjecting people older than 55 to his Medicare changes. "Bec
a
use of Obamacare, you have -- for a moment in time -- lower Medicare spending rates," he said. With higher taxes, Medicare cuts and an unexpected slowdown in health care spending, budget experts say the House budget needs only about $100 billion in additi
o
nal cuts toward the end of the decade. In Mr. Ryan's last two budgets, he also banked the $716 billion in Medicare cuts for the health law for deficit reduction, but when the Republican presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, attacked the president for those c
uts and pledged to restore that money, Mr. Ryan fell in line. "Paul Ryan and I will restore those dollars to our seniors and to Medicare," Mr. Romney said last October at a campaign appearance in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Henderson{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nev.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, with Mr. Ryan at his side. But Mr. Ryan had 
good reason to drop that pledge. He needed the money. As budget chairman he had argued that to get the budget to balance, he needed to have Medicare savings go into force earlier, even if that meant dropping the pledge to shield those 55 and over. "It's a
 
concern to a number of members," said Representative Charlie Dent, Republican of Pennsylvania. "Many of us campaigned on making sure that there would be no changes for retirees or near-retirees." But before lawmakers can fight over the broad shape of the 
f
ederal government, they must keep the current government open for business, and the House moved Wednesday to do that. The vote, 267 to 151, included 53 Democrats and indicated that the Senate would have little political latitude to take the spending bill 
i
n a drastically different direction. The House bill gives military and veterans' programs some breathing room under the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday by increasing financing for Pentagon priorities. The measure also seeks to thwart th
e
 Postal Service's plan to halt Saturday home delivery by requiring a six-day schedule. But domestic programs are left largely unprotected from cuts of up to 11 percent under the so-called sequester. "Today the House has taken the first step towards assuri
ng the American people that the federal government will stay open, which President Obama agrees should be our shared goal," said Speaker John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. "The Senate should pass the House measure without delay so we can continue focusing on helping 
Americans get back to work and putting the country on a path to a balanced budget." That is not likely to happen. Senator Barbara A. Mikulski, Democrat of Maryland, the chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, said she would demand the kind of c
h
anges the House afforded military programs for at least some of the nondefense side of the spending bill. That way Congress can prioritize programs that bolster economic growth now, like transportation and infrastructure, and strengthen future economic gr
o
wth through science and technology, even within the strictures of across-the-board cuts. She praised the House for moving quickly on its bill rather than flirting with a government shutdown on March 27, when the current stopgap spending bill expires. But,
 she said, the bill "is too spartan for us because it does not contain domestic priorities." Credit: JONATHAN WEISMAN; Jeremy W. Peters contributed reporting. Photograph Snow Shut Down Some Offices in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Wednesday, and the House Moved Up a Vote On a Bill to Keep the Government Financed Through Sept. 30. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax increases; Federal budget; Medicare; Nominations
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of Representatives-Budget, Committee on the; NAICS: 921120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.14
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 7, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-13
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 28. Amid Cuts, Does a President Dare Tee Off?}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Amid Cuts, Does a President Dare Tee Off?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 07 Mar 2013: A.14.
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tech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1314866075?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Ari Fleischer, press secretary to President George W. Bush, said: "If George Bush were playing golf while this was under way, there would be pandemonium in the press corps about it." 
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are%20Tee%20Off?:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-07&volume=&issue=&spage=A.14&au=Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Fair or not
, the extracurricular lives of American presidents are often measured by how they compare with the everyday pursuits of the people they lead. And so as the nation's federal workers and others prepare to tighten their belts amid budget cuts, reduced overti
m
e and furloughs, it is inevitable that someone would ask the question about President Obama and golf. It came this week from, among others, Newt Gingrich, the former House speaker and Republican presidential candidate, who expressed outrage that the White
 
House had canceled daily tours of 1600 Pennsylvania at the behest of the Secret Service, which said its officers were needed more elsewhere. "Canceling White House tours is childish and dishonest," Mr. Gingrich said on Twitter, citing a recent golf vacati
on the president took to the Floridian Yacht and Golf Club resort with a handful of friends and his Secret Service entourage. "The golf weekend in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} cost enough to keep the White House open for months." Representative Louie Gohmert, Republican of Texa
s, even proposed an amendment that would prohibit the president from going on any more golf trips at federal expense until the tours resume at the White House. Ari Fleischer, press secretary to President George W. Bush, said: "If George Bush were playing 
g
olf while this was under way, there would be pandemonium in the press corps about it." For Mr. Obama, the months ahead will be tricky. Few people object to a president taking some time to relax -- to work out, play basketball, sit on a beach, go to dinner
.
 And like all presidents before him, Mr. Obama does all those things with the costly machinery of government orbiting around him. But the budget cuts known as sequestration are going to have an outsize effect on government workers who, like Mr. Obama, get
 
their paycheck from the federal treasury. Some will be furloughed as often as once a week. Others will lose overtime, forcing them to cancel vacations or trim household expenses. Officials said the White House staff would be affected, too. Some people wil
l
 be furloughed, some nonessential equipment purchases will be delayed, and some staff members -- though, by law, not the president himself -- will be subject to reduced salaries. "People are going to be hurt," Mr. Obama declared just hours before the cuts
 went into effect last week. So the president's White House advisers are going to have to confront the question of how, or whether, to adjust his family's activities. Should they go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard{\*\xmlclose}
? Will Michelle Obama and the couple's daughters avoid trips like the ski vacation they took to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Aspen{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 last month? And what about the golf that Mr. Obama frequently plays at the nearby Joint Base Andrews? Mr. Fleischer pointed out that the Pentagon's leaders have warned that the budget cuts will have a serious 
impact on the readiness of the nation's military. "What does it say about a sequester if a military golf course can stay open during it?" he said. Charlie Black, a Republican consultant, said presidents deserved some time off, but added that Mr. Obama was
 vulnerable to criticism because he and his advisers "blew way out of proportion" the impact of the cuts. "Maybe the crisis the president inflated will be alleviated enough for him to go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard
{\*\xmlclose} in August," Mr. Black said. A White House adviser
 said he did not know what Mr. Obama's plans were for trips in the coming months, but he said the president's staff would consider the impact of the budget cuts at the time. "It's too early to say," said Josh Earnest, the deputy White House press secretar
y. "But he is the president of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 wherever he goes, 24 hours a day. People don't begrudge him taking a little time off." If the past is any guide, Mr. Obama tends to push ahead with life outside his day job even when it is sure to risk criticism. The Obamas spent a week at an estate in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Martha's Vineyard{\*\xmlclose} in 2009 and 2010, even as the economic crisis was still gripping the country. In 2011, he went to the island just after the debt crisis fight but left early after an earthquake hit 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and Hurricane Irene headed toward the East Coast. Mr. Obama has also traveled to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Hawaii{\*\xmlclose}
 each year in late December and his family has taken short vacations to Yosemite and the mountains of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}North Carolina{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Mrs. Obama, her daughter Sasha and some friends took a trip to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Spain{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in the summer of 2010 that drew criticism for its cost. Such is the life of a modern president and his family. The first President Bush was mocked as out of touch when he was seen on a speedboat in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Kennebunkport{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, during an economic downturn. President Bill Clinton hobnobbed with {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Hollywood
{\*\xmlclose} glitterati and took heat for it. And like Mr. Obama, the second President Bush was criticized for his frequent golf outings, which sometimes made him seem disconnected from the grim task of leading 
a nation in war. For Mr. Obama, the golf weekend in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 last month drew criticism at the time. But that was before budget cuts that officials say will build in intensity over the spring and summer. For now, aides say they know of no plans for another such outing. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Budget deficits; Presidents; Golf; Government spending; Tourism; Military readiness; Vacations
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Gohmert, Louie, Gingrich, Newt, Obama, Barack, Fleischer, Ari
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Secret Service-US; NAICS: 922120
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Unable to stop the sequester's job-killing spending cuts, President Obama now says he wants to move past the endless wars of budget attrition. Though he still wants a long-term deficit deal,
 he said last week, it is time to turn to immigration, gun control, universal preschool, a higher minimum wage and voting reform. But Republicans are not going to allow that pivot. Most are unalterably opposed to all of those initiatives, and want to keep
 
their focus on cutting domestic programs and fighting off tax increases. At a time when Republicans are divided on many social issues, the budget wars are one of the few things that unite them. A variety of insidious new budget proposals are now emerging 
f
rom the House. On Wednesday, by a 267-to-151 vote, the House approved a stopgap spending resolution to keep the government running for the last half of the fiscal year, replacing the one that expires on March 27. Such "continuing resolutions," which fund 
t
he government at the previous year's level, demonstrate Congress's inability to do its most basic job of making spending decisions. But this new resolution is worse because it also includes the sequester's brutal cuts -- except in a few crucial areas that
 
are Republican priorities. The House bill would give the Pentagon a brand-new budget, allowing it to make the cuts in low-priority areas, preventing the reductions in military readiness that generals have been warning about. It prevents staffing cuts in t
he Border Patrol, and adds money for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and embassy security. It makes health care reform a target for special cuts, and even specifies that no money is to be spent on the community group known as Acorn, though that group has not existed since 2010. But
 it allows no flexibility or extra money to prevent cuts to programs like unemployment benefits, nutrition aid, housing assistance and education grants. Republicans do not care about those programs and left the sequester cuts in place for them. Simple fai
rness demands that Senate Democrats call for equal flexibility and money for the most important domestic programs in their version of the bill, as Barbara Mikulski of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the new Appropriations Committee chairwoman, has vowed to do. (Mr. Obama already
 said that he would not use the threat of a government shutdown to fight the sequester cuts, rejecting the extortionate tactics Republicans regularly use.) The Republicans have made it clear that the spending fight will never cease. They haven't promised 
n
ot to abuse the next debt-ceiling increase, necessary in the next few months, to get further cuts. And Paul Ryan, the House Budget Committee chairman, will soon unveil his caucus's 2014 budget, which will start to make good on the party's ruinous plan to 
b
alance the budget in 10 years. To do so, he is reviving his discredited proposal to turn Medicare into a voucher program, and considered making it worse by cutting benefits for people who are now 56 and younger; an earlier plan cut benefits for those 55 a
nd below. Republicans are hoping to wear down their opposition with these eternal battles. But their proposals are too dangerous to allow that to happen. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Health care policy; Immigration policy; Firearm laws & regulations; Government spending; Editorials; Preschool education; Minimum wage; Electoral reform
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mikulski, Barbara, Obama, Barack, Ryan, Paul
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Name: House of Representatives; NAICS: 921120; Name: Department of Defense; NAICS: 928110; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.26
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Mar 7, 2013
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 30. General Says 20,000 Troops Should Stay In Afghanistan}}}
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shanker, Thom
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Mar 2013: A.8.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Discussing {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Syria{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, General Mattis told the Senate that providing weapons and other lethal aid to rebels fighting to oust President Bashar al-Assad was complicated, and potentially self-defeating, since the situation was so chaotic that the arms could end up
 in the possession of militants linked to terrorist organizations. 
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000%20Troops%20Should%20Stay%20In%20Afghanistan:%20%5BForeign%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-06&volume=&issue=&spage=A.8&au=Shanker,%20Thom&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 W
ASHINGTON -- The American commander in the Middle East said on Tuesday that he had recommended that 13,600 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose} troops remain in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} after the combat mission ends in 2014, a number slightly higher than the one being considered by NATO and 
Pentagon officials. The officer, Gen. James N. Mattis of the Central Command, revealed his recommendation during a hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee, where he also said that a NATO contribution to an enduring mission in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} could equal
 half of the American deployment, for a total alliance troop presence of 20,000 under his proposal. President Obama has not decided on the size of any troop deployment after 2014, which would also require agreement with the government in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Kabul{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. During a se
ssion of NATO defense ministers last month, alliance officials discussed a proposal for training, support and counterterrorism operations in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} after 2014 that envisioned a force of up to 9,500 American troops and up to 6,000 more from other coali
tion nations. George Little, the Pentagon press secretary, said those talks focused on a smaller range of 8,000 to 12,000 troops over all, including American and allied contributions. There are about 66,000 American troops in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} today, with that number to drop to 32,000 by early next year. Discussing {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Syria{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, General Mattis told the Senate that providing weapons and other lethal aid to rebels fighting to oust President Bashar al-Assad was complicated, and potentially self-defeating, since the situati
on was so chaotic that the arms could end up in the possession of militants linked to terrorist organizations. His assessment of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iran{\*\xmlclose}'s nuclear program is that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Tehran{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is enriching uranium at a pace far beyond any peaceful purpose, but that he fully supports economic sanctions. General Mattis warned {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iran{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 not to view reductions in American deployments in the region as a sign of weakness; they were brought on by budget cuts under the sequester. In particular, he noted that he had other combat assets to make up
 for the decision to deploy just one aircraft carrier in the region, rather than two. "I have what it takes to make it the enemy's longest day and their worst day," General Mattis said. "And we'll get the other carrier out there quickly to reinforce." Gen
e
ral Mattis testified alongside Adm. William H. McRaven, commander of the Special Operations Command, who also was questioned on the impact of the sequester on his ability to carry out training and missions. Admiral McRaven said the sequester cut of $900 m
i
llion per year for the Special Operations Command would be made even worse by reductions in money to the various armed services that support his organization and its personnel. "So the service cuts that they take compound the problem of Special Operations
 support," he said. "I get a tremendous amount of my support from the various services, and that will absolutely affect the Special Operations capability of this nation." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Terrorism; Armed forces; Alliances; Military strategy
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, Assad, Bashar Al, Mattis, James
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.8
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 6, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 General Interest Periodicals--{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Parker, Ashley
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Mar 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Representative Louie Gohme
rt, Republican of Texas, is trying to introduce an amendment to a stopgap measure to finance the government through the rest of the fiscal year that would prevent Mr. Obama from using federal money to transport himself to and from golf outings until the W
hite House resumed its tours.\\n 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- The Ob
ama administration told members of Congress on Tuesday that it was canceling all White House tours beginning on Saturday because of the $85 billion in across-the-board spending cuts that went into effect last week. Constituents who want to visit the White
 
House must go through their representatives to schedule a tour, so Congressional offices will be forced to turn away visitors hoping for a tour and contact others to cancel scheduled tours. Lawmakers are being forced to trim their budgets, too. On Monday,
 
Representative Candice Miller, Republican of Michigan and chairwoman of the House Administration Committee, told members that their 2013 office budget authorizations were being reduced by 8.2 percent. "Although sequestration isn't the ideal way to reduce 
g
overnment spending," Ms. Miller said in a statement, "it is now the law, and Congress is not, and should not be, immune." Lawmakers, however, will have the discretion to choose how to absorb the cuts. In its own advisory, the White House made it clear tha
t
 it understood that its move would inconvenience tourists and could cause a headache for lawmakers. "We very much regret having to take this action, particularly during the popular spring touring season," the e-mail said. Many members of Congress took to 
T
witter to voice their displeasure, although some also tried to offer a positive spin, suggesting that visitors should instead visit the Capitol. "White House cancels tours over sequestration; House admin welcomes Americans visiting D.C. to tour Capitol in
s
tead," read a Twitter message by the House Administration Committee. Representative Cathy McMorris Rodgers, Republican of Washington and chairwoman of the House Republican Conference, similarly welcomed tourists to visit the Capitol, and accused President
 
Obama of playing politics with the budget cuts. "It's unfortunate the president has chosen to implement his sequester by canceling White House tours instead of urging Senate Democrats to cut wasteful spending," she said in a statement. "We welcome the opp
o
rtunity to provide a free tour of the U.S. Capitol to anyone visiting Washington who will now be unable to visit the White House because of the president's decision. Spending is the problem. And instead of making responsible spending cuts, the president h
a
s now denied American people access to the White House." Representative James Lankford, Republican of Oklahoma, said he was "a little surprised" that the White House had shut down tours, calling the decision "a dramatic overreaction." "The White House alw
a
ys tries to make things as public and harsh as they can, rather than saying they're going to try to reduce spending and make responsible decisions," he said. "They are trying to reduce access and trying to make it look bad." Many Democrats, however, said 
t
he White House was simply making tough choices to handle the budget cuts that Congress did not stop. "The White House is doing what it has to do," said Representative Steve Israel, Democrat of New York and chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign
 Committee. Mr. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 said his office was drafting e-mails to constituents whose tours were canceled, as well as to those who had made requests for tours. "House Republicans are hurting everyday Americans," he said, "including those who simply want to tour
 the White House." Representative Louie Gohmert, Republican of Texas, is trying to introduce an amendment to a stopgap measure to finance the government through the rest of the fiscal year that would prevent Mr. Obama from using federal money to transport
 himself to and from golf outings until the White House resumed its tours. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-14
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama Faces Political Risks in Emphasizing Effects of Spending Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.15.
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[...]Mr. Obama is carefully navigating between maximizing heat on Republicans to undo the cuts while mobilizing efforts to make sure that the steep spending cuts do not hurt Americans. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- As the nation's top De
mocrat, President Obama has a clear imperative: to ratchet up pressure on Republicans for across-the-board spending cuts by using the power of his office to dramatize the impact on families, businesses and the military. But as president, Mr. Obama is char
g
ed with minimizing the damage from the spending reductions and must steer clear of talking down the economy. A sustained campaign against the cuts by the president could become what one former aide called "a self-fulfilling kind of mess." As a result, Mr.
 
Obama is carefully navigating between maximizing heat on Republicans to undo the cuts while mobilizing efforts to make sure that the steep spending cuts do not hurt Americans. His advisers acknowledge the potential political perils ahead as the president 
s
truggles to find the right kind of balance. At his first cabinet meeting of his second term on Monday, Mr. Obama called the cuts an "area of deep concern" that would slow the country's growth, but promised to "manage through it" while pursuing a robust ag
e
nda. It was an echo of his formulations from the White House podium on Friday, when he began to dial back the dire warnings about long lines at airports and furloughs of F.B.I. agents, to name a couple, that he had made over the past several weeks. "I've 
i
nstructed not just my White House but every agency to make sure that regardless of some of the challenges that they may face because of sequestration, we're not going to stop working on behalf of the American people," Mr. Obama said, using the formal name
 
for the spending cuts. The president's approach is unlikely to satisfy Mr. Obama's most partisan backers, who view blaming Republicans for the deep spending cuts -- especially in the military -- as a tantalizing opportunity for political gain. And steppin
g
 back from a battle over the cuts could allow the significantly lower spending to become the "new normal" for the federal budget. But a high-profile focus on the cuts in the months ahead is risky, too. If severe economic pain ultimately fails to materiali
z
e, Mr. Obama could be blamed for hyping the situation, much like his cabinet secretaries were in recent weeks. (Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, for example, was criticized for declaring the nation would be "less safe" because of furloughs of
 
border patrol agents.) Seeking short-term political gain with the spending cuts could also make more difficult the president's hopes for a longer-term budget deal with Republicans on taxes and entitlement spending. Mr. Obama's team is keenly aware that th
e
 more he focuses on the cuts, the more he threatens to divert attention from his second-term priorities on guns, immigration and preschool. "You can't simply put them on hold and simply deal with this," David Axelrod, a former top adviser to Mr. Obama, sa
i
d in an interview. The danger of sounding the alarm on the sequester, he said, is that "you can so magnify the impact of it so that it becomes an even bigger self-fulfilling kind of mess." Mr. Obama was careful during his first term to seize on any bit of
 
good economic news so that no one could accuse him of hurting the economy by his statements. That desire to be upbeat -- as in 2010, when administration officials declared a "recovery summer" just before the economy dipped again -- sometimes got him into 
t
rouble. The question now for the president is how much to keep up the drumbeat of concern about the spending cuts in the weeks ahead. In talking points distributed by the White House to Democratic pundits on Friday, advisers suggested focusing on how Repu
b
lican refusal to accept tax increases will "threaten our national security and hundreds of thousands of middle-class jobs and our entire economy while too many Americans are still looking for work." But the document also urges them to make the point that 
it is time to turn to other issues. Former Senator Tom Daschle of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}, the Democratic leader during the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Clinton
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} years and the first term of George W. Bush, said he expects the president will not spend much time talking about the cuts. "What he has 
to do is say, 'I warned you about this, it's going to happen, it's gradual, but at the same time, we've got a country to run,' " Mr. Daschle said. "You're not going to hear him with much more hyperbolic rhetoric." Senior White House aides said as much on 
F
riday before Mr. Obama formally signed the order putting the cuts into effect. They told reporters that sequestration cuts would not be the only thing the president talks about -- or even the majority of what he talks about -- in the weeks ahead. But they
 
said he will try to score a political point when opportunities arise. Aides continue to bet that they will. Even without Mr. Obama's intervention, White House officials said they expect the effect of the cuts will slowly become more visible. Government wo
r
kers will begin forced furloughs in April, air control towers in small towns will eventually close and a lack of overtime for airport security officers will make lines longer over time. "This is a slow-roll disaster instead of a meteor hitting," said Matt
 Bennett, a Clinton-era adviser and the vice president for communications at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}Third Way{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a liberal research group. "It's coming on slowly. You are going to see it popping up." But it's also possible that the severe angst is limited to relatively small commun
ities of interest: federal workers, defense contractors, service providers who depend on government grants. If that happens, Mr. Obama would have little leverage to use against Republicans. "It's imperative not to lose sight of the rest of the agenda," sa
id Jim Manley, a former top aide to Senator Harry Reid of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nevada{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the majority leader. "They are smart enough to realize it's a delicate balancing act." Photograph President Obama On Monday at the First Cabinet Meeting of His Second Term. It Was Also the Fi
rst Cabinet Meeting for Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, Next to Him. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
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\f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 To the Editor: Re "Singing the Sequester Soap Opera" (Op-Ed, 
March 2): Joe Scarborough is definitely correct that the sky did not and will not fall owing to the sequester, and that the White House may have overplayed its hand on this point. But I take issue with some of his numbers. First, he notes that "the actual
 
cuts implemented this year will amount to only $42 billion out of a $3.5 trillion budget." But he's referring to the fiscal year, which ends in September. To most people "the year" means the calendar year, over which the actual cuts will amount to $66 bil
l
ion. Also, by law -- foolish law, but that's another matter -- those cuts are restricted to parts of the budget, so instead of the 1 percent that Mr. Scarborough claims, they amount to over 5 percent as a share of the parts they actually hit (for example,
 
the defense cuts are 8 percent). Finally, it is widely agreed upon by nonpartisan analysts that if the cuts remain in place, they will eventually shave half a point off gross domestic product growth this year and lead to the loss of hundreds of thousands 
o
f jobs. If the sequester sticks, the unemployment rate will also stick -- at its already elevated level of 8 percent. That's not recessionary, but it's terrible public policy. JARED BERNSTEIN Washington, March 2, 2013 The writer is an economist with the C
e
nter on Budget and Policy Priorities and a former economic adviser to Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. To the Editor: Like the House Republican he once was, Joe Scarborough not only diminishes the potential harm of the sequester's cuts but also argues t
h
at the primary problem in the United States right now is the debt. Wrong on both counts. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that 750,000 jobs will be lost because of these cuts. This is real harm, to real families. In addition, the sequester will c
u
t federal unemployment benefits ("As the Cuts Hit Home," editorial, March 2), squeezing the unemployed to the breaking point. The real, immediate problem facing this country is unemployment, not debt. The G.O.P. and its cheerleaders got it wrong with the 
Bush tax cuts, the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, their economic policies, their obstruction of President Obama and their continued drumbeat about the debt. If only the sequester had called for deep salary cuts for Congress and the pundits who are mouthpieces for the G.O.P.,
 then House Republicans would have joined the president in a balanced deal that would have saved America's families from this unnecessary pain. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
BARBARA WEBER-FLOYD Westhampton Beach{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, March 2, 2013 The writer is a former journalist who has covered bot
h national politics and business. To the Editor: There is an almost palpable sense of smugness and self-satisfaction as Joe Scarborough ridicules the administration and its alleged hyperbole. It is his blatant disregard for the real impact on real lives t
h
at is so appalling. President Obama has attempted to give a face to an abstraction, speaking of the effects of sequestration: from the young children not in the Head Start program, to the federal worker with an unwanted unpaid furlough, to the long-term u
n
employed who will see benefits slashed. Mr. Scarborough sees only numbers on a page. This is not Armageddon. But I wonder how Mr. Scarborough would have reacted had this money come from the revenue side of the equation by removing irrational and unnecessa
r
y tax benefits to hedge fund managers and subsidies to oil industry giants. Would he have been so cavalier in his words? What Mr. Scarborough sees as de minimis feels to me like an extension of Mitt Romney's comments about the 47 percent, dripping with co
ntempt and disregard for the welfare of so many. This country is far more than a mathematical equation. ROBERT S. NUSSBAUM {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Fort Lee{\*\xmlclose}, N.J., March 2, 2013 Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Eric Hanson) 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.24
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 5, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Letters
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Mar 5, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-05
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 34. Come Home, America}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 34 of 90
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Come Home
{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 05 Mar 2013: A.25.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Why we are still fighting World War II? Since 1947, when President Harry S. Truman set forth a policy to stop further Soviet expansion and "support free peoples" who were "resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures," 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has acte
d as the world's policeman. World War II, and the relative impotence of the United Nations, convinced successive administrations that America had to fill the breach, and we did so, with great success. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}SAN DIEGO{\*\xmlclose}
 EVERYONE talks about getting out of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. But what about 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Germany{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}? The sequester -- $85 billion this year in across-the-board bud
get cuts, about half of which will come from the Pentagon -- gives Americans an opportunity to discuss a question we've put off too long: Why we are still fighting World War II? Since 1947, when President Harry S. Truman set forth a policy to stop further
 Soviet expansion and "support free peoples" who were "resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures," {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has acted as the world's policeman. For more than a century, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Britain{\*\xmlclose} had "held the line" against aggression in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Eurasia{\*\xmlclose}, but by
 World War II it was broke. Only two years after the Allies met at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Yalta{\*\xmlclose} to hammer out the postwar order, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}London{\*\xmlclose} gave {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} five weeks' notice: It's your turn now. The Greek government was battling partisans supplied by Communist Yugoslavia. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Turkey{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} was under pressure to allow Soviet troops to patrol its waterways. Stalin was strong-arming governments from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Finland
{\*\xmlclose} to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iran{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Some historians say Truman scared the American people into a broad, open-ended commitment to world security. But Americans were already frightened: in 1947, 73 percent told {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} that they considered World War III likely. From the Truman Doctrine emerged a strategy comprising multiple alliances: the Rio Pact of 1947 (Latin America), the NATO Treaty of 1949 ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Canada{\*\xmlclose} and Northern and Western Europe), the Anzus Treaty of 1951 ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Australia{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New Zealand{\*\xmlclose}
) and the Seato Treaty of 1954 ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Southeast Asia{\*\xmlclose}). Seato ended in 1977, but the other treaties remain in force, as do collective-defense agreements with {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
Japan{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}South Korea{\*\xmlclose} and the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Philippines{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. 
Meanwhile, we invented the practice of foreign aid, beginning with the Marshall Plan. It was a profound turn even from 1940, when Franklin D. Roosevelt won a third term pledging not to plunge the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} into war. Isolationism has had a rich tradition, from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
's 1796 warning against foreign entanglements to the 1919 debate over the Treaty of Versailles, in which Henry Cabot Lodge argued, "The less we undertake to play the part of umpire and thrust ourselves into European conflicts the better for the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and for the world." World War II, and the relative impotence of the United Nations, convinced successive administrations that America had to fill the breach, and we did so, with great success. The world was far more secure in the secon
d half of the 20th century than in the disastrous first half. The percentage of the globe's population killed in conflicts between states fell in each decade after the Truman Doctrine. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
 experienced more wars ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Korea{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Vietnam{\*\xmlclose}, the two {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} wars, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
) but the world, as a whole, experienced fewer. We were not so much an empire -- the empire decried by the scholar and veteran Andrew J. Bacevich and celebrated by the conservative historian Niall Ferguson -- as an umpire, one that stood for equal ac
cess by nation-states to political and economic gains; peaceful arbitration of international conflict; and transparency in trade and business. But conditions have changed radically since the cold war. When the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose} established major bases in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}West Germany{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, they were considered dangerous renegades that needed to be watched. Their reconstructed governments also desired protection, particularly from the Soviet Union and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. NATO's first secretary general, Hastings Ismay, famously said the alliance existed "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down." Today, our largest permanent bases are still in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Germany{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which are perfectly capable of defending themselves and should be trusted to help their neighbors. It's time they foot more of the bill or operate their own bases. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose}
's authoritarian capitalism hasn't translated into territorial aggression, while {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Russia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 no longer commands central and eastern Europe. That the military brass still talk of maintaining the capacity to fight a two-front war -- presumably on land in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}
, and at sea in the Pacific -- speaks to the irrational endurance of the Truman Doctrine. Our wars in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose} since 2001 doubled down on that costly, outdated doctrine. The domino theor
y behind the Vietnam War revived under a new formulation: but for the American umpire, the bad guys (Al Qaeda, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iran{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}North Korea{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}) will win. Despite his supporters' expectations, President Obama has followed a {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Middle East{\*\xmlclose} policy nearly identical to his pred
ecessor's. He took us out of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}, only to deepen our commitment to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, from which we just now pulling out. He rejected the most odious counterterrorism techniques of George W. Bush's administration, but otherwise did not change basic policies. Mr
. Obama's gestures toward multilateralism were not matched by a commensurate commitment from many of our allies. Cynics assert that the "military-industrial complex" Dwight D. Eisenhower presciently warned against has primarily existed to enrich and empow
er a grasping, imperialist nation. But {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 was prosperous long before it was a superpower; by 1890, decades before the two world wars, it was already the world's largest and richest economy. We do not need a large military to be rich. Quite the opposite
: it drains our resources. Realists contend that if we quit defending access to the world's natural resources -- read, oil -- nobody else would. Really? It's not likely that the Europeans, who depend on energy imports far more than the nation that owns 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 would throw up their hands and bury their heads in the sand. It's patronizing and na\'efve to think that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 is the only truly "necessary" country. Good leaders develop new leaders. The Libyan crisis showed that our allies can do a lot. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose} can and should pressure 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iran{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}North Korea{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 over their nuclear programs. It must help to reform and strengthen multilateral institutions like the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. It must champion the right of small nations, including 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Israel{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, to "freedom from fear." But there are many ways of achieving these goals, and they don't all involve more borrowing and spending. Partisan debates that focus on shaving a percentage point off the Pentagon budget here or 
there won't take us where we need to go. Both parties are stuck in a paradigm of costly international activism while emerging powers like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}China{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
India{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Brazil{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Turkey{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 are accumulating wealth and raising productivity and living standards, as we did in the 19th century. The long-term consequences are obvious. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} since 1945 has paid a price in blood, treasure and reputation. Umpires may be necessary, but they are rarely popular and by definition can't win. Perhaps the other players will step up only if
 we threaten to leave the field. Sharing the burden of security with our allies is more than a fiscal necessity. It's the sine qua non of a return to global normalcy. AuthorAffiliation ELIZABETH COBBS HOFFMAN Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman, a professor of Americ
an foreign relations at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}San Diego{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}State{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, is the author, most recently, of "American Umpire." Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Ben Jones) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 World War II; Federal budget; Government spending; Military occupations
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}--US, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Germany{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.25
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 5, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Op-Ed Contributor
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Section: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-14
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 35. G.O.P. Clings to One Thing It Agrees On: Spending Cuts}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 G.O.P. Clings to One Thing It Agrees On: Spending Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stevenson, Richard W
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Republican lawmakers are so fearful of social issues, in fact, that House leaders ignored intense objections from conservatives last week and allowed the passage of Democratic legislation on domestic and sexual violence against women. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Conservative governors are signing on to provisions of what they once derisively dismissed as Obamacare. Prominent Senate Republicans are taking positions on immigration that would have gotten the party's president
ial candidates hooted off the debate stage during last year's primaries. Same-sex marriage has gone from being a reliable motivator for the conservative base to gaining broad acceptance. Republican lawmakers are so fearful of social issues, in fact, that 
H
ouse leaders ignored intense objections from conservatives last week and allowed the passage of Democratic legislation on domestic and sexual violence against women. All of which helps explain why Speaker John A. Boehner and Congressional Republicans have
 
been so intent on facing down President Obama in their budget dispute. Aware that conservatives could never accept a second round of tax increases this year -- and that compromising with Mr. Obama on his terms would lead to party divisions far deeper than
 
those that have emerged so far -- Republicans judged that the better course was to take on the economic and political risks associated with the automatic spending cuts that took effect on Friday. "I'm going to say it one more time," Mr. Boehner said Sunda
y
 on "Meet the Press" on NBC. "The president got his tax hikes on January the First. The issue here is spending. Spending is out of control." Four months after Mr. Obama won a second term, the only issue that truly unites Republicans is a commitment to shr
i
nking the federal government through spending cuts, low taxes and less regulation. To have compromised again and agreed to further increase taxes or roll back spending cuts would have left Republicans deeply split and, many of them say, at risk of losing 
the core of the party's identity. "If the voters can't rely on us to stand up to the runaway train of entitlements and deficits and federal debt, what can they count on us for?" said David Kochel, a Republican consultant in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Iowa{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "We're going to have disagr
eements on other issues. This is one we have to agree on." One of the most striking characteristics about the political climate in the months since Mr. Obama's re-election is that on issue after issue, it is no longer entirely clear what it means to be a 
R
epublican. The party is more divided than ever on domestic policy, and a debate is breaking out over how best to invigorate the conservative movement. In that sense, the budget showdown is not just about cutting $85 billion out of government spending over
 
the next seven months. It is, to many conservatives, about showing that Republicans still have the will, the leadership and the public support to use this moment to halt, or at least slow, an ideological pendulum swing from the right, where the nation see
m
ed to be heading after the 2010 midterm elections, to the left, after the 2012 campaign. "The sequester and winning that fight -- however you define what winning means -- is critical for the party," said Ralph Reed, the social conservative leader. There a
r
e risks for Republicans in taking a hard line on the spending cuts, especially if the unemployment rate jumps and the economy slows. Democrats are highlighting estimates by the Congressional Budget Office that the fiscal cutbacks could leave the economy w
i
th 750,000 fewer jobs this year. And they are warning that while the effects will play out slowly, the cuts will eventually hit voters in noticeable ways. "I don't see how 'I'm fine with the sequester' differs from 'I'm fine with slower growth and continu
e
d high unemployment, or longer delays at airports, fewer Head Start slots, furloughs among civilian D.O.D. folks' and so on," said Jared Bernstein, a former economic adviser to Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr., referring to the Department of Defense. Mr
.
 Bernstein, a senior fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a liberal research group, said that as the cuts became real, they would "deeply discredit" those who foster the idea that government spending is inherently wasteful and that there 
i
s no tangible cost to reducing it. But to the degree that Mr. Boehner has prevailed in the first round of the current fight -- the struggles over the across-the-board cuts and longer-term questions about addressing the national debt will go on for months 
a
nd years -- it could not have come at a better time for the morale of Republicans. In the view of some conservative commentators, the Republican Party and the conservative movement are at one of their lowest points in years -- "leaderless and nearly issue
l
ess," as Rich Lowry, the editor of National Review, wrote last week in an opinion article for Politico that set off debate in the party. With the party divided on so many other fronts, feelings are running especially high when it comes to holding the line
 
on taxes. Conservatives are excoriating Gov. Bob McDonnell of Virginia, a Republican, for championing a tax increase to pay for transportation projects. Chris Chocola, the president of the Club for Growth, a group that is critical of Republicans it consid
e
rs to be insufficiently conservative on fiscal policy, said: "Republicans have not had a hard time convincing the base they are conservative enough on social issues. They have had a hard time convincing the base they are sincere on economic issues because
 
they have grown the government." The internal divisions after the party's fourth loss in the last six presidential elections and the recognition that inexorable demographic shifts are working against a reliance on its traditional base have set off the mos
t
 fundamental debate since the Reagan years about the future of conservatism. Liberals dismiss the exercise as a sham intended to distract attention from enduring ties between wealthy interests and conservative policy and politicians. That is a point impli
c
itly recognized by many Republicans, who are looking for ways to defend the party's small-government philosophy without being portrayed by Democrats as imprudently abstemious and against middle-class interests. They are starting to talk about focusing les
s
 on reductions in marginal income tax rates -- long the primary goal of Reagan-era supply-siders -- and more on tax changes, like increasing the child credit or reducing payroll taxes, that would more directly address the stagnation in middle-class income
s
 and growing inequality. Portraying deficit reduction as an end unto itself, Mr. Reed said, would miss an opportunity for Republicans to connect with voters who are concerned about their families and neighborhoods. "There's a danger if the Republican Part
y
 is only seen as the party that cuts government spending, because that is a necessary but insufficient rationale for a majority party," he said. In an article in Commentary titled "How to Save the Republican Party," two veterans of President George W. Bus
h
's White House, Michael Gerson and Peter Wehner, said the party could rebuild itself with a social mobility agenda that extends beyond low taxes, cutting back tax breaks for corporations, breaking up big banks, helping poor people reach and graduate from 
c
ollege, and improving health care for children. "Rather than being exclusively focused on budget numbers or individual economic rights, Republicans would be demonstrating a limited but active role for government: helping individuals attain the skills and 
v
alues -- the social capital -- that allow them to succeed in a free economy," they wrote. For now, the debate about the future of the party remains detached from legislative politics. Mr. Boehner has more than enough trouble navigating the demands of vari
o
us stripes of conservatives on a daily basis without introducing a more activist strain of policy into the Republican agenda. In talking about taxes, he continues to emphasize reducing income tax rates. But with the automatic budget cuts likely to remain 
i
n force for some time, if not permanently, attention in Washington will shift to long-term budget plans to be introduced in the coming weeks by Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, the Republican vice-presidential nominee last year, and Senate Democr
a
ts and Mr. Obama. It is those documents that provide both sides with their best opportunity to define for voters what they will stand for over the remainder of Mr. Obama's presidency and beyond. Photograph President Obama On Friday, When $85 Billion in Au
tomatic Spending Cuts Began to Take Effect. (Photograph by Jewel Samad/Agence France-Presse -- Getty Images); Speaker John A. Boehner On Thursday. "Spending Is Out of Control," He Said On Nbc On Sunday. (Photograph by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (A12) 
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Seeking Compromise, President Reaches Out To the Rank and File}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.12.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
In conversations last week with Senators Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona, bo
th Republicans, and in a wider outreach to rank-and-file members of Congress that a top White House official said began this weekend, Mr. Obama hopes to build a broad consensus on deficit reduction that includes new revenue, despite the uncompromising sta
nce of Republican leaders in the House and the Senate. 
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7f48af2c825dc485276300000000a5ab000000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- With few avenues left for winning a comprehensive budget deal that can reverse the across-the-board spending cuts that took effect over the weekend, President Obama has begun reaching out to senators in a bid to isolate Republican leader
s in Congress and force a compromise. In conversations last week with Senators Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona, both Republicans, and in a wider outreach to rank-and-file members of Congress that a top White House official said
 
began this weekend, Mr. Obama hopes to build a broad consensus on deficit reduction that includes new revenue, despite the uncompromising stance of Republican leaders in the House and the Senate. "Our hope is that as more Republicans start to see this pai
n
 in their own districts, that they will choose bipartisan compromise over this absolutist position," Gene Sperling, the director of the president's National Economic Council, said Sunday on the NBC program "Meet the Press." Appearing immediately before hi
m
 on the program, Speaker John A. Boehner reinforced his opposition to any deal to reverse the cuts in military and domestic programs -- $85 billion this year and nearly $1 trillion over 10 years -- that includes raising new revenue. But he did leave open 
a
 narrow path to a comprehensive budget agreement that could restore at least some of the money at some point. Mr. Boehner said Mr. Obama had already raised nearly $1 trillion to finance his health care program and, in January, won $650 billion from tax in
c
reases on high incomes. But Mr. Boehner offered some hope that the budget process -- which begins this week with the expected passage by the House of a spending measure, known as a continuing resolution, to keep the government operating for the rest of th
e
 year -- could still end in a broad agreement that lowers the deficit, overhauls the tax code and undoes at least some of the automatic spending cuts. "I don't think anyone quite understands how it gets resolved," he acknowledged. "After we do our continu
i
ng resolution, we'll begin to work on our budget. The House has done a budget every year that I've been speaker. The Senate hasn't done a budget for four years. They've committed to do a budget this year. "And I hope that they do. And out of that discussi
o
n and out of that process, maybe we can find a way to deal with our long-term spending problem." It was not clear whom Mr. Obama had called as part of his new Senate strategy, disclosed on Sunday by Mr. Sperling. Mr. Graham did emerge from wide-ranging Wh
i
te House talks with the president last week with a renewed call for deficit reduction that includes as much as $600 billion in new revenue -- and revisits the across-the-board cuts known as sequestration. "Really, it's the chance to do something big," Mr.
 
Graham said in an interview. "We need multiple trillion-dollar savings, without destroying the Defense Department. We need to do it smartly over a 20- or 30-year period, rather than one year or 10 years. So if you bend the curve on entitlements, I'm willi
n
g to do revenues. Then we can take a second look at sequestration." An aide to Senator Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, said that Mr. Obama tried to reach Ms. Collins this weekend but that they had not yet connected. But aides to several senators who h
a
ve participated in groups or committees looking for a bipartisan deal said their offices had not received any such calls from the president. The path to a less arbitrary approach to deficit reduction is narrow and uphill, lawmakers of both parties say. Ho
u
se Republican leaders are adamant that they want no changes to the tax code, including closing loopholes that both sides agree are wasteful. Instead, they say that any closing of loopholes or changes to the tax code should be part of a comprehensive effor
t
 to simplify the code and lower tax rates while keeping the level of revenue received by the government the same. "Republicans want tax reform. We want to bring rates down for all Americans so that we've got a fairer tax code," Mr. Boehner said. "But to a
rbitrarily pull out a couple of tax expenditures and to say, 'Well, we ought to use that to get rid of the sequester' -- listen, every American knows {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} has a spending problem." The Senate's top two Republican leaders, Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose} and John Cornyn of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State
}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, are increasingly taking that same position. Both fear a primary challenge from their right flank as they move toward re-election campaigns next year. Mr. McConnell, the minority leader, appearing on the CNN program "State of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Union{\*\xmlclose}
," gave no indication that he was willing to undo the automatic cuts with new revenue, only with cuts in other parts of the budget. "We think it's important to the American people to keep this commitment," he said. "We're willing to do it. We're willing 
to talk about reconfiguring the same spending over the next several months." The White House was left to hope that rank-and-file senators can build momentum for a bipartisan deal that isolates Republican leaders and exerts pressure that cannot be resisted
.
 "I have talked to a number of colleagues on both sides of the aisle, many of whom are disgusted with the current state of affairs," Ms. Collins said in an interview on Friday. Ms. Collins has already begun work with Senator Mark Udall, Democrat of Colora
d
o, on legislation to mitigate the impact of the across-the-board cuts by giving the Obama administration more latitude to spread them around. She said those efforts could put lawmakers on a path toward a consensus on reversing the cuts as their effect bui
l
ds through the fiscal year, which ends on Sept. 30. But, Ms. Collins said, Mr. Obama has to speak frankly to the public about the tough changes she says are needed over the long term to Social Security and Medicare as the population ages and costs continu
e
 to rise. It is not enough to keep repeating, as Mr. Sperling did on Sunday, that Mr. Obama is prepared to compromise, she said. "The president has to go first with plans for Medicare and Social Security," Ms. Collins said. "Then I think you will see more
 
receptivity on the Republican side to an overhaul of the tax code" that raises more revenue. Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire, said Sunday on the ABC program "This Week" that she, too, would be open to more revenue in a broad, bipartisan 
a
greement that deals with entitlement programs. "If we're going to increase revenue again, it's got to go to the debt with real entitlement reform and real tax reform where you actually lower rates," Ms. Ayotte said. Mr. Sperling said Sunday that Mr. Boehn
e
r had already offered $1 trillion in additional revenue over 10 years in back-room talks with the president in December. About $600 billion in tax increases took effect in January. "If he was keeping his offer on the table," Mr. Sperling said, "he would a
t least be willing to consider $400 billion in more revenues." 
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: National Economic Council; NAICS: 926110
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37. As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 37 of 90
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Lowrey, Annie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Mar 2013: A.13.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]the
 sequestration cuts, as they are called, still contain billions of dollars in mandatory budget reductions in programs that help low-income Americans, including one that gives vouchers for housing to the poor and disabled and another that provides fortifie
d
 baby formula to the children of poor women. "Sequestration will result in some 600 fewer families in our local communities receiving crucial rental assistance over the next year," Stephen Norman, the executive director of the county housing authority, sa
id in a statement. "Because rents are so high, many of these families may, quite literally, find themselves out on the street." 
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%20Annie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The $85 billion in automatic cuts working their way through the federal budget spare many programs that aid the poorest and most vulnerable Americans,
 including the Children's Health Insurance Program and food stamps. But the sequestration cuts, as they are called, still contain billions of dollars in mandatory budget reductions in programs that help low-income Americans, including one that gives vouch
e
rs for housing to the poor and disabled and another that provides fortified baby formula to the children of poor women. Republican and Democratic lawmakers largely resigned themselves to allowing sequestration -- a policy meant to force them to the negoti
a
ting table, not to actually reduce the deficit -- to take wider effect after it started on Friday. That leaves agencies just seven months to carry out their cuts before the fiscal year ends on Sept. 30. In many cases, they will eventually have to deny aid
 
to eligible needy families. Unless a deal is reached to change the course of the cuts, housing programs would be hit particularly hard, with about 125,000 individuals and families put at risk of becoming homeless, the Department of Housing and Urban Devel
o
pment estimated. An additional 100,000 formerly homeless people might be removed from emergency shelters or other housing arrangements because of the cuts, the agency said. Local administrators are trying to decide how to put the mandatory 5.1 percent bud
g
et cuts into effect by the end of September. Adrianne Todman, the executive director of the District of Columbia Housing Authority, said that no person in her program currently using a housing voucher or living in a public facility would be affected or pu
t
 out on the street. But to absorb the cuts, Ms. Todman plans to defer maintenance and leave staff vacancies open. She may also not be able to fill open public housing units as tenants vacate them. And she may stop rolling over housing vouchers to families
 
on the waiting list. Eventually, she said, she may have to furlough employees. "It's a shame. It's more than a shame, it's despicable," Ms. Todman said, noting that her agency already lacked enough capacity to meet the district's needs. "These are real fa
milies that we have deemed eligible and are waiting to receive their voucher from us." In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and across the country, families and individuals generally need to have very low incomes to be eligible for federal assistance. Public housing residents in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 have an average annual income of just $12,911. More than 40 percent are either children or the elderly, and more than a quarter live with a disability. In the voucher program, the annual income is even lower, just over $10,000 a year, and simila
rly large proportions of residents are elderly, disabled or young. "These people are very, very, very poor," said Sheila Crowley, the president of the National Low Income Housing Coalition, speaking of recipients of federal housing support across the coun
try. "They don't have resources to fall back on." In some places, officials have already started carrying out cuts. For instance, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}King{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose}
 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}State{\*\xmlclose}, which includes {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Seattle{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, stopped issuing new housing vouchers on Friday. "Sequestration will re
sult in some 600 fewer families in our local communities receiving crucial rental assistance over the next year," Stephen Norman, the executive director of the county housing authority, said in a statement. "Because rents are so high, many of these famili
e
s may, quite literally, find themselves out on the street." Members of Congress have indicated that they might give agencies more discretion in fulfilling the cuts, to help blunt their impact. But policy experts said that in the case of many low-income pr
o
grams, budget cuts would necessarily mean fewer people get help. "There's no loose change in the cushions," Ms. Crowley said. "Anything you take out of HUD is going to reduce services and cut programs. There's just no fat there. There hasn't been for a lo
n
g time." Other programs that assist low-income families face similarly significant cuts, including one that delivers hot meals to the elderly and another that helps pregnant women. Policy experts are particularly concerned about cuts to the supplemental n
u
trition program for women, infants and children known as WIC, which provides food and baby formula for at-risk families. It is considered one of the most effective social programs in government, reducing anemia and increasing birth weights. But up to 775,
0
00 low-income women and their children might lose access to or be denied that aid because of the mandatory cuts, according to calculations by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, a nonprofit research group. The start of sequestration, a policy neve
r
 meant to take effect, has left both sides seeking cover, with many Democrats dramatizing the impact of the cuts and many Republicans playing them down. Some Republicans, in fact, have said that whatever the effect, the cuts are a necessary part of revers
ing the trend of the government spending more and taking on more debt. "President Obama proclaimed that the sequester's 'brutal' and 'severe' cuts will 'eviscerate' {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s domestic spending," Senator Rand Paul, Republican of Kentucky, wrote in a recent a
rticle published by Investors.com. "But 'eviscerate' is not the adjective I would use; in fact, I believe the sequester is a pittance." The $85 billion in cuts is just a small part of the $3.6 trillion annual budget, but policy experts say that even those
 
cuts that are being applied to programs that do not specifically focus on low-income people and communities will disproportionately affect them. Other cuts might not hit low-income Americans specifically, but their impact could affect vulnerable families 
d
isproportionately. Those include cuts to programs that aid children with special needs; job-training programs that help unemployed people find a new career; foreclosure prevention services; and programs that help 150,000 veterans every year make the trans
i
tion into the nonmilitary work force. They also include a reduction in jobless benefits for the long-term unemployed. Those out of work for more than six months could see their checks shrink by as much as 11 percent. The Budget Control Act, a 2011 law tha
t
 created the automatic cuts, exempted "mandatory" spending programs that aid low-income Americans, like Medicaid, which receive automatic federal financing. But it did not exempt "discretionary" programs, whose financing Congress determines in its annual 
a
ppropriations process. Photograph The $85 Billion in Mandatory Across-the-Board Federal Budget Cuts, Which Started On Friday, Were Expected to Disproportionately Affect Low-Income Americans Like Those Living in the Langston Terrace Dwellings, Left, a Publ
ic Housing Project in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Northeast Washington{\*\xmlclose}. (Photograph by Daniel Rosenbaum for the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Public housing; Federal budget; Vouchers; Low income groups; Homeless people; Poverty; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Name: Department of Housing & Urban Development--HUD; NAICS: 925110; Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Trip Gabriel
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 03 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The Washington metropolitan area, especially Northern Virginia, is in line to experience the largest economic hit of any region from the $85 billion in spending cuts that President Obama made official late Friday. Because the automatic cuts, known as sequ
estration, fall unevenly across the country, many Americans are greeting them with a shrug. [...]Congressional Republicans have accused the White House of exaggerating the impact for political gain. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}ARLINGTON{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose} -- To listen to the human side of sequestration, wait in line here for the 595 bus to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Reston{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a journey across a sub
urbia grown fat and happy on a federal spending boom in the past decade, primarily military. While the rest of the country experienced a corrosive recession, unemployment in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}
}Arlington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, home of the Pentagon, never rose above 5 percent. Nearby {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Fairfax
{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, with a cyberintelligence industry that took off after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, gorged on government contracts to private companies. "It was easy, and people got comfortable," said Stephen S. Fuller of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, an expert on t
he regional economy. "They haven't come to terms with the fact it isn't going to be as easy." The Washington metropolitan area, especially Northern Virginia, is in line to experience the largest economic hit of any region from the $85 billion in spending 
c
uts that President Obama made official late Friday. Because the automatic cuts, known as sequestration, fall unevenly across the country, many Americans are greeting them with a shrug. Their nonchalance is heightened because the 2.4 percent lopped from a 
federal budget of $3.55 trillion is relatively small and will not happen all at once. Moreover, Congressional Republicans have accused the White House of exaggerating the impact for political gain. But in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Northern Virginia{\*\xmlclose} the cuts will be deeply felt, economists said, assuming there is no political deal to undo them, a dimming prospect. The White House said the Defense Department would furlough 90,000 civilian employees based in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the most of any state, reducing their salaries by 20 percent this yea
r. The ripple effect, as those employees pare expenses, put off car purchases and delay buying a home, is expected to be large. Some economists predict that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will slip into recession. "No more movies, no more out-to-dinners, no more fun," Robin Rob
erts, a civilian budget employee in the Defense Department, said as she waited for the 595 outside the Pentagon for the ride home. She and her husband, who is retired, have canceled their summer vacation. They switched to a cheaper phone plan. "It's just 
pay the mortgage, pay the utilities, no more frills." Americans far from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 who say government spending is reckless and unsustainable may not shed a tear for its suburban counties, 6 of which are among the 10 richest in the country, according to the
 census. But that prosperity has largely rained down on government contractors; federal employees, especially younger ones, depend on their middle-class wages. "Most of my paycheck goes toward child care," said Sarah Stein, another rider of the 595. "We'v
e
 cut out what we can cut, and we're going to be in trouble." Ms. Stein's husband lost a job two years ago and now works for much less repairing automobile wheels. Ms. Stein said she earned $64,000 in a civilian Pentagon job and pays $24,000 in child care 
f
or her two daughters, ages 3 years and 10 months. The Pentagon has told civilian employees to plan on taking 22 days off without pay. Ms. Stein said she would not be able to save on child care even on the days she is home. "We still have to pay for five d
ays a week, whether we go or not," she said. "People are just very worried." The Center for Regional Analysis estimates that federal spending drives 37 percent of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Northern Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
 economy, largely spending on contractors that soared in the past decade.
 "It was mostly on the war on terrorism," said Dr. Fuller, the director of the center. "It was a spending bubble that made this economy grow two percentage points faster than the national economy." But as the federal government began cutting back two year
s ago -- with foreign wars winding down and Congressional Republicans fighting spending -- a regional slowdown that followed may be a taste of the future. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}
 employment rose in December by only 0.8 percent, half the growth in the nation as a whole, said Christine Chmura, an economist in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Richmond{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "If the sequester occurs as it's currently stated, I would expect the state of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 to go into a recession," she said. The Pentagon's share of the cuts is the largest of any. Robert F. Hale, an under secre
tary of defense, said on Feb. 20 that the Pentagon would cut $4 billion to $5 billion through civilian furloughs and $40 billion in purchases from the private sector. Some business owners and people facing furloughs said the cutbacks were manageable, even
 a good thing. Moe Jafari, whose company Human Touch in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}McLean{\*\xmlclose}
 does technology work for the military, said he saw a new cost-consciousness in the government that pleased him. "They're looking at budgets that are not unlimited," said Mr. Jafari, whose contracting includes work for the Space and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Naval{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Warfare{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Systems{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}
 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Charleston{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}S.C.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 "We see the government for the first time having discussions with us in ways we never thought. They're looking at saving money. They're starting to act like businesses."
 Even some government employees facing furloughs spoke of the 20 percent dock in salary as a sacrifice to a greater good. "The rest of the country is suffering and needs help; this is the least we can do," said Mort Anvari, a civilian employee of the Army
.
 He and others who said they could manage their lower earnings were older, with savings and without children to support. Mary Ann Fontana, who works for the secretary of the Air Force, said, "We older ones feel -- at least I do -- to help the country, it'
s
 fine." But "the real worry are the young ones," she added, lower on the government pay scale and living paycheck to paycheck. Matthew Bourke, a public affairs specialist with the Army, fits that description. He is looking for a part-time job to make up t
he loss to his salary. "I'm talking the restaurant business, a server, a food runner, anything," he said. "If you know something, let me know," he said before jumping on his bus. Chart Sequester's Impact: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s Economy Will Be Among the Hardest Hit by 
the Federal Government's $85 Billion in Spending Cuts to Military and Domestic Programs. Nearly 90,000 of the State's Civilian Defense Department Workers Face Furloughs, and Private Contractors May Lose Their Jobs Through Cutbacks in Procurement Programs.
 (Sources: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Defense{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Manpower{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Data{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center
{\*\xmlclose}; Bureau of Labor Statistics; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On the States) (A26) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Recessions; Defense contracts; Government spending; Economic conditions; Economic impact; Federal employees
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Arlington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Fairfax{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}County{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 3, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-12
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Fails To Reach A Deal To Head Off Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Weisman, Jonathan
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Republicans told the president during Friday's meeting that they would not accept any new tax increases as an alternative to the acros
s-the-board cuts, known as the sequester, and Mr. Obama said he did not intend to force the issue. [...]Congress takes the sequester away, we'd have to abide by those additional cuts," Mr. Obama conceded. 
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tech?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=unknown&sid=ProQ:ProQ:nationalnewscore&atitle=Washington%20Fails%20To%20Reach%20A%20Deal%20To%20Head%20Off%20Cuts:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=
2013-03-02&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Shear,%20Michael%20D;Weisman,%20Jonathan&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- President Obama and Congressional leaders failed on Friday to stop deep, automa
tic cuts in federal spending that will immediately shrink the size and ambition of government, even as they vowed an end to the rolling fiscal battles that have repeatedly threatened government shutdowns and economic crisis over two years. Emerging from a
n
 Oval Office meeting with the lawmakers, the president called the cuts "just dumb." He said they would slow the economic recovery and spoke emotionally about their impact on people who would feel the consequences of government layoffs and disruptions in p
u
blic services. "I don't anticipate a huge financial crisis, but people are going to be hurt," Mr. Obama said during a 35-minute news conference at the White House, in which he acknowledged that his campaign of highlighting fallout from the cuts had failed
 
to persuade Republicans to consider tax increases as part of a package to avert the $85 billion in reductions over the next seven months. But both the president and his Republican adversaries said they would not carry the fight over the cuts into a coming
 legislative effort to finance the government through Sept. 30, essentially declaring a cease-fire in the budget wars that have dominated {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 since 2011. The showdown in December over the so-called fiscal cliff yielded $620 billion in tax increases o
ver 10 years. The across-the-board spending cuts now going into force will cut deficits an additional $1.2 trillion. Both sides indicated that for now, that may be enough -- a fiscal peace through political exhaustion. After locking in nearly $3.6 trillio
n
 in spending cuts and tax increases since 2011, the receding budget wars have left their mark on the nation's balance sheet, said Alice Rivlin, a former White House budget director and former vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve. But, she said, those su
c
cessive budget deals have done nothing to address the nation's long-term financial troubles as the population ages. They have, however, hurt the economy. "It does not get us on a track to stabilizing the debt, mostly because it's the wrong kind of cut," M
s
. Rivlin said. "No, it makes things worse." The two parties will now move to a broader argument over the right level of taxes and spending as they seek to develop a new budget for the coming year and beyond. Republicans said they welcomed a return to a mo
re orderly budget process but warned they would not give in on their basic principles. "I will not be part of any back-room deal, and I will absolutely not agree to increase taxes," said Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the Republican leader. After a pu
blic relations blitz lasting weeks that was aimed at stopping the cuts, Mr. Obama said he is prepared to extend a stopgap law that finances the government to March 27 if Republicans stick to an agreement worked out in 2011 about the level of federal spend
i
ng. The decision will most likely allow the across-the-board spending reductions to remain in place for months if not years. White House officials and Senate Democrats had considered making one last stand around the March 27 deadline, declaring the Senate
 
would not pass another government spending plan unless it undid the across-the-board cuts. But Senate Democrats were leery. The first furloughs are likely to hit in April, and the Democrats feared that little political pressure would have built on Republi
c
ans before the current stopgap spending law expired. "The president has made it clear he does not want to shut down the government," Senator Patty Murray of Washington, the Senate Budget Committee chairwoman, said Friday. "None of us do. That is another d
i
sruption that we just can't afford right now." After the White House session, the House speaker, John A. Boehner, Republican of Ohio, said that he wanted to avoid a shutdown and that the House would begin advancing a financing measure next week. "I'm hope
f
ul that we won't have to deal with the threat of a government shutdown while we're dealing with the sequester at the same time," he told reporters. Republicans told the president during Friday's meeting that they would not accept any new tax increases as 
a
n alternative to the across-the-board cuts, known as the sequester, and Mr. Obama said he did not intend to force the issue. "Until Congress takes the sequester away, we'd have to abide by those additional cuts," Mr. Obama conceded. "But there's no reason
 
why we should have another crisis by shutting the government down in addition to these arbitrary spending cuts." At the Pentagon, the new defense secretary, Chuck Hagel, took a conciliatory tone, stepping away from months of dire predictions of disruption
 issued by the Defense Department. "Today {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 has the best fighting force in the world, capable of responding to any challenge," Mr. Hagel said. "This unnecessary budget crisis makes that job much harder. But we will continue to ensure {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s securit
y." For Republicans, who lost a battle with the president over raising taxes at the end of last year, the agreement probably enshrines the lower levels of government spending for the remainder of the fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30. And it gives Mr. Boeh
n
er a victory to crow about with his increasingly conservative members. But the president will probably benefit from the cold peace, too. He said he was ready to move beyond the repeated fiscal debates in the past several years to the broader agenda he spe
l
led out in the State of the Union address, including gun control measures, universal preschool, a higher minimum wage, an immigration overhaul and changes to the nation's system of voting. "We can't let political gridlock around the budget stand in the wa
y
 of other areas where we can make progress," Mr. Obama said. In that sense, the White House meeting on Friday signaled a new political order after the deep divisions brought on by the Tea Party wave of 2010. The meeting was subdued, according to aides, wi
t
h none of the tension of last November and December, when the president was locked away with Mr. Boehner, trying to head off huge automatic tax increases. Much of the session was devoted to the prosaic issue of keeping the government financed. All that ap
p
ears left to do in the short run may be a modest measure to give the Obama administration more discretion over how to mete out the cuts. That effort is already under way, led by Senators Mark Udall, Democrat of Colorado, and Susan Collins, Republican of M
a
ine. A "regular order" process to finance the government through 2014 will start quickly. The House Appropriations Committee will unveil legislation on Monday to cover spending through Sept. 30 at post-sequestration levels, with detailed spending instruct
i
ons for the military to loosen some of the current spending strictures. That measure is expected to pass the House by Thursday, and lawmakers from both parties indicated they expected a quick resolution with the Senate. By mid-March, Senator Murray and he
r House Budget Committee counterpart, Representative Paul Ryan of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wisconsin{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, will produce broad blueprints for spending and tax policy over 10 years, the next vehicles for bipartisanship on the deficit -- if those budget plans can be reconciled. That is dou
btful. Mr. Ryan has said his plan will try to balance the budget within 10 years, without raising taxes and without any abrupt hits to Social Security and Medicare. His plan will lock in the savings from the across-the-board cuts but will shift the target
s
 away from defense. In contrast, Ms. Murray said, the Senate plan will undo the cuts beyond this fiscal year with a mix of tax increases and other spending reductions. Photograph President Obama On Friday Called Automatic Cuts "Just Dumb." Speaker John A.
 
Boehner Said He Wanted to Avoid a Shutdown. (Photographs by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) (A1); Nancy Pelosi, the House Minority Leader, Spoke to Reporters On Friday After President Obama and Congressional Leaders Met. (Photograph by Christopher Gre
gory/the New York Times) (A10) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Tax increases; Truces & cease fires; Shutdowns; Economic policy; Government spending; Federal budget
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 40. Deep Philosophical Divide Underlies the Impasse}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Deep Philosophical Divide Underlies the Impasse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Harwood, John
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.10.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
While the Great Recession depressed tax revenues, the Wall Street bailout and stimulus bill gave Americans sticker shock; deficits topped $1 trillion annually. Resisting tax increases is a matter of such deep conviction that some senior Republica
ns believe House colleagues would fire John A. Boehner as House speaker for conceding to Mr. Obama again. 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Let's play truth or consequences with the budget sequestration that took effect on Friday. That can be difficult through the fog of political war that has hung over this town. But a step back illuminates roots de
eper than the prevailing notion that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 politicians are simply fools acting for electoral advantage or partisan spite. Republicans don't seek to grind government to a halt. But they do aim to shrink its size by an amount currently beyond their institutional power in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, or popular support in the country, to achieve. Democrats don't seek to cripple the nation with debt. But they do aim to preserve existing government programs without the ability, so far, to set levels of taxation commensurate
 with their cost. At bottom, it is the oldest philosophic battle of the American party system -- pitting Democrats' desire to use government to cushion market outcomes and equalize opportunity against Republicans' desire to limit government and maximize i
n
dividual liberty. And they are fighting it within a 21st-century political infrastructure that impedes compromise. Those government initiatives include Social Security from F.D.R.'s New Deal, Medicare and Medicaid from L.B.J.'s Great Society, and the 2010
 
national health care law. President Obama wants to keep them in roughly their current forms -- even as the wave of baby boom retirements makes them costlier than ever. His Republican opponents are the philosophic heirs of conservatives who opposed their c
r
eation in the first place. Beginning in 2009, they gained fresh momentum in the quest to roll them back. While the Great Recession depressed tax revenues, the Wall Street bailout and stimulus bill gave Americans sticker shock; deficits topped $1 trillion 
a
nnually. So in 2011, the newly elected Republican House began pushing President Obama backward in budget fights that forced significant slowing of federal spending and some significant spending cuts. Their climactic showdown over the debt limit in 2011 da
m
aged the nation's credit rating. With both sides battered and exhausted, Republicans joined Democrats in seizing the so-called sequester as the means to end the impasse. Then Mr. Obama stopped backing up -- and moved to generate momentum of his own. The r
i
ght's soft spot, as Ronald Reagan and Newt Gingrich learned amid the conservative ascendancy of the 1980s and early '90s, is the popularity of expensive "entitlements" serving the elderly. "Cut spending," as a general invocation, is popular. "Cut spending
 
for your mother's Medicare" is not. Mr. Obama used his re-election campaign to isolate and attack that vulnerability. Acknowledging the need for some entitlement cuts, he offered voters this budgetary choice: his smaller cuts combined with tax increases o
n
 affluent Americans, or the Republicans' bigger ones without tax increases. More Americans, as polls have repeatedly shown, prefer Mr. Obama's approach. He won the election. Now the president is trying to wield his public opinion advantage as a club to ba
ck Republicans down. The budget cuts of 2011, like sequestration now, targeted smaller "discretionary" programs that don't command the support Medicare and Social Security do. Mr. Obama argues, and some Republicans agree, that 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has cut most of wha
t it can from those. He continues to advocate comparatively modest Medicare cuts focused on reimbursements to doctors and hospitals -- more near-term cuts, in fact, than Republicans have been willing to specify. But at one high-profile event after another
, in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and across the country, he accuses Republicans of preferring reduced benefits for old and vulnerable Americans over higher taxes on the affluent. Opponents blast him for "campaigning" instead of governing. Yet those events have become his me
thod of seeking outcomes that negotiations with Republican leaders haven't produced. It worked soon after the election when he forced Republicans to accept some tax increases in the "fiscal cliff" deal. It worked again when Republicans declined to fight a
n
ew over the debt limit until May, at the earliest. That doesn't mean it will work again by making Republicans accept a second tax increase. Over the last generation, polarization has melted away the alloy that once narrowed differences between Republicans
 
and Democrats, leaving both as masses of near-pure ideological ore. The Republican rank-and-file is purer -- more conservative than the Democratic rank-and-file is liberal. Resisting tax increases is a matter of such deep conviction that some senior Repub
l
icans believe House colleagues would fire John A. Boehner as House speaker for conceding to Mr. Obama again. For less ideological Republicans, the partisan composition of their districts and states can make following national opinion riskier (against a mo
r
e conservative primary challenger) than defying it (against a Democratic general-election foe). The difficulty of winning a second tax increase may ultimately make the president regret the fiscal-cliff deal, which brought only half the new revenue he cons
i
ders necessary. For now, he seeks to grind down his opposition as the impact of sequestration mounts for air travelers, education programs and the Pentagon. Against Republicans' solid edge on the issue of spending restraint (in this week's NBC News-Wall S
t
reet Journal poll), he wields wide Democratic advantages on helping the middle class and protecting Medicare, and a narrow one on handling taxes. The survey showed 50 percent of Americans approve of Mr. Obama's job performance. Only 29 percent expressed a
 
positive view of the Republican Party. Among demographic groups, the only one viewing Mr. Boehner's party more positively than negatively was white Southerners (by just 39 percent to 35 percent at that). More than twice as many Americans credited Mr. Obam
a
, as compared with Republicans, with emphasizing themes of bipartisan unity. Even if numbers like those don't threaten the House Republican majority in 2014, they alarm party strategists who've watched their nominees lose the popular vote in five of the p
ast six presidential elections. Mr. Obama's hope: the fact that Congressional Republicans are insulated from national opinion doesn't make them impervious to it. Photograph A Leaden Sky Hung Over {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Friday. The Political Climate Is Viewed As One That Limits the Possibility of Compromise. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Tax increases; Budgets; Federal legislation; Medicare; Government spending; Federal budget
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Mar 2, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Political Memo
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Scarborough{\*\xmlclose}, Joe
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.19.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Leon E. Panetta, the former defense secretary, spoke of a "doomsday mechanism," while his deputies talked of "fiscal castration" and "assisted suicide." Since today's Republi
can Party knows a thing or two about assisted suicides, you would think its leadership would have taken to heart Mr. Obama's warnings and struck a deal before their abysmal approval ratings sank even lower. 
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9&au=Scarborough,%20Joe&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
THERE are cracks in time when history bends and for an instant it seems as if the world itself stops turning, from that Sunday afternoon when our par
ents learned Pearl Harbor had been bombed to the football drill I was in the middle of coaching in Pensacola, Fla., when I first got the news that the Challenger had exploded. We may not agree on many things in this era of reflexive polarization, but here
 is one: nobody will remember where they were and what they were doing when the Great Sequester of 2013 kicked in. Despite the rhetoric from the White House, years from now, historians will not be sifting through the cultural wreckage that is 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and di
scover the remnants of what some in both parties see as some cataclysmic fiscal event. Alan Jackson need not begin to tune his guitar to ask us all again where we were when the world stopped turning. Americans who endured the grimmest warnings from Presid
e
nt Obama and his administration need not fear that the cuts will jeopardize military readiness; limit our nation's ability to forecast hurricanes; compromise food safety; lead to outbreaks of E. coli; undermine airport security; and cause older Americans 
t
o go hungry. This "meat-cleaver approach," we were warned, would kill jobs and compromise national security. Pentagon officials' warnings were especially dire. Leon E. Panetta, the former defense secretary, spoke of a "doomsday mechanism," while his deput
i
es talked of "fiscal castration" and "assisted suicide." Since today's Republican Party knows a thing or two about assisted suicides, you would think its leadership would have taken to heart Mr. Obama's warnings and struck a deal before their abysmal appr
o
val ratings sank even lower. Should the G.O.P. enter into yet another budget showdown with Mr. Obama in which they appear to be intransigent, eager to slash spending programs for the poor and determined to secure tax breaks for the rich? My theory: perhap
s
, in spite of the president's best efforts to frame the debate in that way, Republicans are finally on the winning side of a fight. For once, Mr. Obama seems to be the one who has overplayed his hand. His predictions of a crippled military, contaminated f
o
od and unforeseen hurricanes will pack a political punch only if those projections come to pass. Republicans can be forgiven for asking what hardships most Americans can expect to face if sequestration actually allows spending to rise another $15 billion 
n
ext year. How compromised will federal agencies' missions really be, given that their budgets increased sizably during Mr. Obama's first term? How much pain will voters inflict on Republicans for following through on the Obama-originated plan to force aut
omatic spending "cuts" that nonetheless maintain the dollars flowing from taxpayers to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
? For all the warnings from the Pentagon, it's worth noting that the defense budget will continue to grow even after the sequestration. All this is not to say t
hat such a crude approach to spending cuts isn't shortsighted. And recklessly cutting discretionary spending does little to address {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's long-term debt crisis -- which is supposedly why we pushed ourselves into the sequester in the first place. But it
 is also a fact that this year's reductions will not do great damage to domestic and defense programs. Congress will have $85 billion less to spend this year, but the Congressional Budget Office projects that the actual cuts implemented this year will amo
u
nt to only $42 billion out of a $3.5 trillion budget. That means that politicians will have to cut a little more than a penny out of every dollar that it spends this year. Does Mr. Obama really want to claim that his administration, which has added $6 tri
l
lion to the national debt, is unable to save a penny out of every dollar it spends? Does he really expect Americans to believe -- after four years, the banking and auto bailouts, several stimulus bills and a run of record deficits -- that our $16 trillion
 
economy cannot absorb $42 billion of spending reductions? Even if the White House believes that such posturing is good politics, it's a strategy that adds up to a fiscal Russian roulette and cheapens the debate. And neither side can afford to do that. Dem
o
crats and Republicans need to retarget these cuts in a smarter way before they double next year. They also need to confront the debt-ceiling debate, which has been pushed ahead by a few months. If they fail to do so, Americans might not remember where the
y were when the sequester happened, but historians will record the dismal legacy that the president and Congress are leaving behind. AuthorAffiliation JOE SCARBOROUGH Joe Scarborough, a Republican representative from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}
}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Florida{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from 1995 to 2001, is the host of NBC's "Morning Joe." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budgets; Food contamination & poisoning; Presidents; Government spending; Federal budget

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Leon{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} E, Obama, Barack
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.19
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-12
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{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 42 of 90
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Poison Pill Politics}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Blow, Charles M
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 02 Mar 2013: A.19.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
In reality, much of what it did was allow 18 percent of the Bush tax cuts -- mostly those affecting the wealthiest Americans -- to expire while permanently locking in a whopping 82 percent of them. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The deadline has passed. The sequester is in effect. And Congress is not in session. We now know that our political system is broken beyo
nd anything even remotely resembling a functional government. The ridiculous bill was designed as a poison pill, but Republicans popped it like a Pez. Now the body politic -- weak with battle fatigue, jerked from crisis to crisis and struggling to recover
 
from a recession -- has to wait to see how severe the damage will be. (The director of the Congressional Budget Office estimates that the sequester could cost 750,000 jobs in 2013 alone.) This is all because Republicans have refused to even consider new r
e
venue as part of a deal. That includes revenue from closing tax loopholes, a move they supposedly support. As Speaker John Boehner said after his Congressional leaders met with President Obama on Friday: "Let's make it clear that the president got his tax
 
hikes on Jan. 1. This discussion about revenue, in my view, is over." Boehner's intransigence during the talks drew "cheers," according to a report in The New York Times, from his chronically intransigent colleagues. But their position is a twist of the t
r
uth that is coming dangerously close to becoming accepted wisdom by sheer volume of repetition. It must be battled back every time it is uttered. Let's make this clear: it is wrong to characterize the American Taxpayer Relief Act as a "tax hike." In reali
t
y, much of what it did was allow 18 percent of the Bush tax cuts -- mostly those affecting the wealthiest Americans -- to expire while permanently locking in a whopping 82 percent of them. But of course, that misrepresentation fit with the tired trope of 
D
emocrats as tax-and-spend liberals. It also completely ignores that it was Bush-era spending that dug the ditch we're in. Republicans have defined their position, regardless of how reckless: austerity or bust. However, as economists have warned, austerity
 generally precedes -- and, in fact, can cause -- bust. Just look at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Europe{\*\xmlclose}
. But Republicans are so dizzy over the deficits and delighted to lick the boots of billionaires that they cannot -- or will not -- see it. They are still trying to sell cut-to-grow 
snake oil: cut spending and cut taxes, and the economy will grow because rich people will be happy, and when rich people are happy they hire poor people, and then everyone's happy. This is the vacuous talk of politicians trying to placate people with vaca
tion homes, not a sensible solution for people trying to purchase, or simply retain, their first homes. Now the president is trying to make the best of a bad situation and bring expectations in line with what is likely to happen. When 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gallup{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} this week asked
 Americans to use one word to describe the sequester, negative words outnumbered good words four to one. The top three negative words or phrases were "bad," "disaster" and "God help us." At a news conference after Friday's meeting with Congressional leade
r
s, the president tried to tamp down some of the most dire predictions about the sequester's impact. He said: "What's important to understand is that not everyone will feel the pain of these cuts right away. The pain, though, will be real." The president k
n
ows well that if the sequester's effects are so diffused that the public -- whose attention span is as narrow as a cat's hair -- doesn't connect them to their source, people might think the administration cried wolf. That's why he said, and will most like
l
y continue to say for months, "So every time that we get a piece of economic news over the next month, next two months, next six months, as long as the sequester's in place we'll know that that economic news could have been better if Congress had not fail
e
d to act." He must yoke this pain to the people who invited it. It's not as though most Americans don't already think poorly of Republicans anyway. A Pew Research Center report released this week found that most Americans think the Republican Party, unlik
e
 the Democratic Party, is out of touch with the American people and too extreme. And most Americans did not see Republicans as open to change or looking out for the country's future as much as Democrats. The president said Friday that "there is a caucus o
f
 common sense up on Capitol Hill" that includes Congressional Republicans who "privately at least" were willing to close loopholes to prevent the sequester. Those privately reasonable Republicans might want to be more public before their party goes over a
nother cliff and takes the country with them. Graph Graphic: Republican Image Problem: Most Americans Have Negative Opinions of the Republican Party, According to a Report This Week by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Research{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. The Report Also Found That "Republicans Are Mor
e Critical of Their Party Than Democrats Are of Theirs On Most Issues." (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Research{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Survey of 1,504 Adults, Conducted Feb. 13-18) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax cuts; Tax increases; Recessions; Government spending; Federal budget
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Congressional Budget Office--CBO; NAICS: 921120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Mar 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The stalemate was foreshadowed at the Republican retreat in 
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, in January, where Mr. Boehner and his leadership team promised that in exchange for passing a short-term debt ceiling extension, they would force the Senate to pass a budget, as well as allow the spending cuts to go into effect. 
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Q:nationalnewscore&atitle=Boehner's%20Halt%20To%20Fiscal%20Talks%20Cheers%20G.O.P.:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-01&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Parker,%20Ashley&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- Speaker John A. Boehner, the man who spent significant portions of the last Congress shuttling to and from the White House for fiscal talks with President Obama that ultimately failed twice to produce a gra
nd bargain, has come around to the idea that the best negotiations are no negotiations. As the president and Congressional Democrats have tried to force Mr. Boehner back to the table for talks to head off the automatic budget cuts set to take effect on Fr
i
day, Mr. Boehner has instead dug in deeper, refusing to even discuss an increase in revenue and insisting in his typical colorful language that it was time for the Senate to produce a measure aimed at the cuts. "The revenue issue is now closed," Mr. Boehn
e
r said Thursday, before the House left town for the weekend without acting on the cuts and a Senate attempt to avert them died. Mr. Boehner said the dispute with Democrats amounted to a question of "how much more money do we want to steal from the America
n
 people to fund more government." "I'm for no more," he said. While the frustrations of Congressional Democrats and Mr. Obama with Mr. Boehner are reaching a fever pitch, House Republicans could not be more pleased with their leader. "We asked him to comm
i
t to us that when the cuts actually came on March 1, that he would stand firm and not give in, and he's holding to that," said Representative Steve Scalise, Republican of Louisiana and chairman of the conservative Republican Study Committee. "I think Frid
ay will be an important day that shows we're finally willing to stand and fight for conservative principles and force {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 to start living within its means. And that will be a big victory." Representative Mick Mulvaney, a South Carolina Republican who
 was elected on the 2010 Tea Party wave and has had his differences with the speaker, was similarly complimentary toward Mr. Boehner. "He's doing exactly what he said he was going to do, and I think it's working to our favor and to his," Mr. Mulvaney said
.
 "I get the feeling that our party is probably more unified right now than it has been at any time in the last several months." Mr. Boehner, in some ways, finds himself the leader of the House Republicans with nowhere to actually lead. Among those who pla
c
ed him in his post and could conceivably remove him, the test of his leadership seems to be how little action he takes. In a closed-door meeting and subsequent news conference this week, Mr. Boehner said the House was done negotiating over spending cuts u
n
til the Senate "begins to do something." Mr. Boehner began the new Congress on shaky footing, a seemingly chastened man. Speculation swirled that he might not be able to hold on to his speakership (he did), and he was forced to pass two major pieces of le
g
islation -- a last-minute New Year's Eve deal to avert automatic tax increases, and a Hurricane Sandy relief bill -- without the support of the majority of his conference through the help of Democratic votes. On Thursday, Mr. Boehner again moved a piece o
f
 legislation through the House without majority support from his rank and file -- the Violence Against Women Act. The result showed that conservatives seem willing to give him some running room on social issues as long as he holds firm on the fiscal front
.
 Amid clamoring from his more conservative members, Mr. Boehner eventually reaffirmed his own conservative principles, abandoning even the pretense of reaching a bipartisan solution on the spending cuts. He argued that the president had gotten his desired
 
tax increases in the earlier showdown. And he promised no more one-on-one negotiating sessions meetings with Mr. Obama, whose political fortitude he questioned publicly and privately. Mr. Boehner was set to meet Friday at the White House with the presiden
t and bipartisan Congressional leadership but made clear Thursday that the ball for now was solely in the Senate's court. The stalemate was foreshadowed at the Republican retreat in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
City}}Williamsburg{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, in January, where Mr. Boehner and his leadership team pr
omised that in exchange for passing a short-term debt ceiling extension, they would force the Senate to pass a budget, as well as allow the spending cuts to go into effect. "I think he realized the president of the United States was using him as a tool fo
r his own benefit and was not actually in a partnership with him, and he also realized that we in the House were not happy with what was coming out of those negotiations," said Representative Ra\'fa
l R. Labrador, Republican of Idaho. "We were pretty blunt with
 him and the entire leadership team that we have to feel like we have a plan and a vision, and we're following up on that plan and that vision." Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, said that on the whole, he thought the spending cuts were a wel
come development for which Mr. Boehner deserves credit. "If, in fact, we're going to scale back discretionary spending by $85 billion, tell me when that's ever happened before," Mr. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Jordan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} said. "Certainly not in the time I've been in Congress. So even thou
gh we'd have preferred it be done a little different and we're open to flexibility, we want that savings, and we're going to achieve it." Republican aides say privately that Mr. Boehner sees no need to negotiate; Republicans are in a good place, they argu
e
, because they want spending cuts and those cuts are happening. But Mr. Boehner's tough-guy stance has also opened him to criticism that he has negotiated himself into a position from which he can no longer effectively negotiate. "John Boehner consistentl
y
 paints himself into a corner and traps himself on cliffs, and that's been the story of the speakership," said Representative Steve Israel, Democrat of New York and chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. Though Mr. Obama's public eve
n
ts in recent days have seemed intended to highlight what he says will be the impact of the spending cuts and to shame Republicans into negotiating a deal, House Republicans have stood their ground, saying they are done negotiating until the Senate passes 
i
ts own spending cut legislation. (House Republicans have passed two alternative spending cut bills, though both were in the last Congress). For Mr. Boehner, the consequences of allowing the sequester to take effect could be less damaging than the conseque
n
ces of going back on his promise not to allow any new tax revenues. "I don't quite honestly think that Speaker Boehner would be speaker if that happens," Senator Ron Johnson, Republican of Wisconsin, told Fox News recently. But for now Mr. Boehner seems n
o
t only to have engendered the good will of his conference but also to have locked in place the spending cuts Republicans have been fighting for. "That's a big win, to finally stand firm on cutting spending," Mr. Scalise said. Photograph John A. Boehner, S
econd From Left, On His Way to Speak to Reporters in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 On Thursday About the Spending Cuts. (Photograph by Christopher Gregory/the New York Times) (A12) 
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 44. Many Steps to Be Taken When 'Sequester' Is Law}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Many Steps to Be Taken When 'Sequester' Is Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Mar 2013: A.12.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
At some point on Friday (no one will say precisely when), President Obama will formally notify government agencies that an obscure process known as sequestration is in effect, triggering deep, across-the-board budget cut
s that will force federal spending to shrink. [...]over at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, officials will spend the weekend mailing out letters to governors in all 50 states showing how much their grants will be reduced in the coming days
 and weeks. 
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l%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-03-01&volume=&issue=&spage=A.12&au=Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- At some point on Friday (no one will say 
precisely when), President Obama will formally notify government agencies that an obscure process known as sequestration is in effect, triggering deep, across-the-board budget cuts that will force federal spending to shrink. At that moment, somewhere in t
h
e bowels of the Treasury Department, officials will take offline the computers that process payments for school construction and clean energy bonds to reprogram them for reduced rates. Payments will be delayed while they are made manually for the next six
 
weeks. Hours later, employees at the Environmental Protection Agency will open e-mails notifying them of the bad news: a forced furlough of up to 13 days in the weeks ahead. And over at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, officials will spend
 
the weekend mailing out letters to governors in all 50 states showing how much their grants will be reduced in the coming days and weeks. Created by desperate politicians in Washington to force themselves to find a smarter way to cut government, the "sequ
e
ster" will instead become the law of the land as a result of a failure of Mr. Obama and congressional Republicans to compromise. But the law does not create an immediate spending crisis or government shutdown like the ones that have loomed over so many of
 the previous budget fights in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. On Friday, the immediate impact on most Americans will be exactly nothing. Federally funded day care programs will continue to operate. National parks will stay open. Government employees will continue to report to
 work. Border patrol agents will do their best to prevent illegal crossings. Experts do not expect the stock market to flinch. It will be, Mr. Obama said Wednesday night, more of a "tumble downward" than a quick descent into budgetary nightmare. "It's con
c
eivable that in the first week, the first two weeks, the first three weeks, the first month, a lot of people may not notice the full impact of the sequester," Mr. Obama told a group of business officials. That might not be entirely true, as Mr. Obama note
d
, for some pockets of American society: companies who do business directly with the Defense Department, families who live near military installations and parents who rely on federally funded child care will be affected. Federal workers may soon face effec
t
ive cuts of 10 percent or more in their salaries this year. But even there, officials conceded this week, the specific impacts are more fuzzy than the aggregate ones. Ask officials about which contracts will be cut or which services will be trimmed back, 
a
nd there are long pauses and blank looks. "The impacts of sequester are real," Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said again and again to reporters on Thursday. "These are about real issues. These are about the concrete effects of policies on pe
ople's lives." But who? Which agencies? What contracts? Under the barrage of questions, Mr. Carney managed to come up with reduced funding for school children in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. But which children? Those who live in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Columbus{\*\xmlclose} or {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Cincinnati{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
? Officials at the White Hous
e, the Office of Management and Budget and the Education Department cannot answer with that kind of specificity. White House officials become indignant with suggestions that Mr. Obama and his top lieutenants might have hyped the devastation wrought by the
 
automatic cuts. At his briefing, Mr. Carney insisted that the administration had been transparent. "You know, we've been very clear," he said. "What the president said last night is that -- you know, and I think what other people have said -- is that this
 
will be a rolling impact, an effect that will build and build and build." Strategists in the West Wing are betting that the growing impact of the budget cuts -- including what they expect will be a hit to the nation's already slow economic growth rate -- 
w
ill eventually bring Republicans to the table for a deal. It may take some time. Even the most direct impact on federal workers -- the forced furloughs -- will not happen in most cases for 30 or 60 days, after government managers have concluded negotiatio
n
s with the unions that represent workers. A letter sent to employees at the Justice Department, for example, is filled with legalese. "This memorandum notifies you that the Department of Justice (DOJ) proposes to furlough you no earlier than 30 days from 
r
eceipt of this notice," it said. More letters like that are coming once Mr. Obama signs the letter making sequestration official. And when, exactly, will that happen? "It has to be done by 11:59 p.m. tomorrow," Mr. Carney told reporters, joking that it wo
uld be at "11:59 and 59 seconds, because he's ever hopeful." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Government spending; Government agencies
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Parties Focus On the Positive As Cuts Near}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- With time running short and little real effort under way to avert au
tomatic budget cuts that take effect Friday, substantial and growing wings of both parties are learning to live with -- if not love -- the so-called sequester. "It's going to happen," said Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and a leading conserv
ative voice in the House. "It's not the end of the world." For weeks, President Obama has barnstormed the country, warning of the dire consequences of the cuts to military readiness, educators, air travel and first responders even as the White House ackno
w
ledges that some of the disruptions will take weeks to emerge. The reverse side has gone unmentioned: Some of the most liberal members of Congress see the cuts as a rare opportunity to whittle down Pentagon spending. The poor are already shielded from the
 
worst of the cuts, and the process could take pressure off the Democratic Party, at least in the short run, to tamper with Social Security and Medicare. At the same time, the president gets some relief from the constant drumbeat of budget news to focus on
 
his top policy priorities: immigration and gun control. And Republicans, while denouncing the level of military cuts and the ham-handedness of the budget scythe, finally see the government shrinking in real dollars. "There are certainly many of us who rea
l
ize we have got to get spending under control," said Senator Patrick J. Toomey, Republican of Pennsylvania, who served on the joint Congressional committee that was appointed to reach a deficit deal to avert the cuts but failed. "This is a crude way to do
 
it, but at least it's moving in that direction." The bipartisan talking point has held that the $1.2 trillion in cuts over a decade, established in the 2011 Budget Control Act, were intended to be so onerous to both sides that they would force Republicans
 
and Democrats to unite around a bipartisan, comprehensive deficit package that raised taxes and slowed entitlement spending. In fact, almost the opposite has proved true. The sword of Damocles turns out to be made of Styrofoam. "I don't think it was effec
t
ive," said Senator Rob Portman, Republican of Ohio and another member of the joint committee. "I said it at the time. I said it before the process. I said it after. We would have been better off without the sequester." Democrats involved in the negotiatio
n
s were careful to make sure that the automatic spending cuts mostly exempted the disadvantaged. In back-room talks, Republicans pushed for a 4 percent cut to health care providers who serve Medicare patients. Democrats made it 2 percent, said Representati
v
e Chris Van Hollen, Democrat of Maryland and a member of the joint panel. Representative Xavier Becerra, Democrat of California and another member, said his party was not about to let the automatic cuts hit health care, after the long fight over the Affor
d
able Care Act. Instead, they would follow a template established by earlier deficit deals. "The Democratic side fought very hard to make sure the most vulnerable would not be hit as hard as they usually are," he said. Republicans protected uniformed milit
ary personnel and made sure no cuts would fall on the conduct of the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Most important, they made sure that failure to reach a bipartisan deal would not set off automatic tax increases, a decision that may have made the automatic cuts inevi
table, Republican negotiators now concede. "It was a subject of conversation: 'Hey look, you guys are pushing us on tax increases, and our backstop right behind us is something that involves no tax increases, all cuts,' " Mr. Portman recalled. "And the De
m
ocrats were saying, 'Hey, you guys are pushing us on doing more on entitlements. Our backstop right behind us says it all comes out of one of your favorite areas, defense.' " The exemptions agreed to in 2011 will significantly worsen the sting for unprote
cted programs, especially in the Defense Department, which will face programmatic cuts as deep as 13 percent in the next seven months. But they also eased political fears on the left and right flanks of the parties. Representative Ra\'fa
l Grijalva, Democrat of
 Arizona and a leader of the House's Progressive Caucus, said cuts in military spending would force the Pentagon to modernize and finally rein in excesses in contracting. And while populations with the weakest political voices will be protected, the bigge
s
t hits will fall on members of the Democratic coalition with more political weight who can fend for themselves: research universities, environmentalists and the like. The virtues of government may become clearer to the American people, Mr. Grijalva said. 
"
Suddenly, everyone's going to find themselves in the same boat as that Head Start kid that's waiting in line," he said. "That's a real opportunity." That is not the official line, especially for Democrats, who still say that the coming cuts will be widely
 
destructive. Even some of the strongest liberals in Congress say the protections in the plan and the military cuts are not enough to justify the damage. "While the Democrats may be winning the political battle, Republicans are winning the ideological war,
" said Senator Bernard Sanders, a liberal independent from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Vermont{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "The goal of the right wing is to essentially undo the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Roosevelt{\*\xmlclose} era, the New Deal, substantially cut back on government, and in a sense, they are achieving that. This is a huge step." But 
some on the left have used it as a rallying cry. Twenty-one House Democrats have signed a letter saying that with the cuts in place, they will vote against "any and every cut to Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security benefits" going forward. One House Dem
o
cratic leader, speaking on the condition of anonymity, conceded this week that rallying the base against the cuts had been hampered by a left flank that has cheered them on. Adam Green, a founder of the liberal Progressive Change Campaign Committee, which
 
organized the letter, said the military cuts, so focused on procurement, "could change the culture of defense contracting for decades to come." He also said the coming cuts were already rallying the liberal base to hold the line on entitlements. Represent
a
tive Alan Grayson, a liberal Florida Democrat, agreed. "The sequester is going to raise the apparition again of the so-called grand bargain," he said, referring to a deficit plan that raises taxes and cuts entitlements, "which isn't grand and certainly is
n't a bargain." 
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Tax increases; Federal budget; Firearm laws & regulations; Congressional committees; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, Portman, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Democratic Party; NAICS: 813940; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 28, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-11
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 46. Obama Aims to Make G.O.P. Seem at Fault for Stalemate's Pain}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama Aims to Make G.O.P. Seem at Fault for Stalemate's Pain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]White House officials do not expect the House speaker, John A. Boehner of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}, or the Republican minority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, to agree to tax increases in the next two days. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- President Obama's team concedes that the almost certain arrival of across-the-board budget cuts on Friday w
ill not immediately produce the politically dramatic layoffs and airport delays that the administration has been warning about for days. But White House strategists say they believe that a constant drip of bad news will emerge in Congressional districts a
cross the country in the weeks ahead, generating negative headlines and, they hope, putting Republicans on the defensive for their refusal to raise taxes. In accepting the inevitability of an extended {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} stalemate, the White House is risking the pos
sibility that Americans may eventually blame the president, not members of Congress, for job losses, smaller paychecks, longer lines at airports, a reduction in government services and a less well-equipped military. Mr. Obama could also ultimately emerge 
a
s a kind of president who cried wolf if Americans just shrug at the slow-rolling budget cuts and think the crisis atmosphere that he created was more hype than reality. On Wednesday night, the president acknowledged to a group of business leaders that "a 
l
ot of people may not notice the full impact of the sequester" for weeks. Even so, he has used the White House political machinery to raise public anxiety about the budget cuts, called sequestration. The goal, officials said, is to prepare Americans for la
y
offs, shrinking benefits and reduced services -- and to ensure that Republicans are blamed. "It will be like a rolling ball," Janet Napolitano, the secretary of homeland security, said this week, describing the effect of the budget cuts on her agency. "It
 
will keep growing." The wait-it-out political strategy in the White House is different from the one Mr. Obama pursued in previous tax and spending standoffs with Republican lawmakers. In those clashes, the president urgently sought to reach last-minute de
a
ls with Republicans to avoid the dire fiscal and economic consequences of an impasse. This time there are not even meetings scheduled until one between Mr. Obama and the Congressional leadership on Friday, the day the cuts are to go into effect. Publicly,
 
at least, White House officials assert that the president remains hopeful that something may happen in the next 48 hours to delay the automatic cuts, which he and the Republicans agreed to in the summer of 2011 as a way to prod agreement on how to cut the
 
nation's soaring deficit. In reality, there appear to be no attempts at last-minute negotiations over what remains a deep, philosophical disagreement about how best to deal with taxes, the nation's deepening debt and long-term investments in infrastructur
e
 and services. Jay Carney, the president's press secretary, told reporters on Wednesday that "hope springs eternal," but he reiterated that the president would not back down from insisting that any further deficit reduction comprise both tax increases and
 
spending cuts. "There is no alternative in the president's mind to balance," Mr. Carney said. He added that "we remain hopeful that at some point, hopefully soon, that Republicans will understand the need to compromise here." In fact, White House official
s do not expect the House speaker, John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}, or the Republican minority leader, Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, to agree to tax increases in the next two days. As a result, the next several weeks could look very much like the present, wi
th Mr. Obama flying around the country to warn about the effect of the budget cuts. Arne Duncan, the secretary of education, said Wednesday that the cuts would eventually mean the loss of jobs for 17,200 teachers, less college aid for 70,000 students, and
 
reductions in access to child care. Mr. Carney said a decision by immigration officials to release from jails some nonviolent detainees was made "without any input" from the White House. Republicans are trying to make the case to the American public that 
t
he president and his staff are trying to frighten people by overstating how difficult it will be for government agencies to trim their spending. Mr. Boehner said in an interview on Wednesday on the CBS program "This Morning" that the president had "travel
e
d over 5,000 miles in the last two weeks doing campaign-style events," adding, "this is a time to lead." House Republicans say they are confident that their members will not give in to the president's demands for tax increases no matter what happens after
 
the cuts take effect. Strategists for Mr. Boehner believe that Republicans have been successful in branding the cuts as Mr. Obama's idea. For weeks, the speaker and others have pointed to news reports from 2011 suggesting that sequestration was initially 
p
roposed by the president's top aides. Top Republicans say their members previously made concessions to Mr. Obama only when inaction would have led to a payroll tax increase or an income tax increase on all Americans. This time, they say, their inaction wi
l
l lead to spending cuts, something they say Americans support. Mr. McConnell said in a statement on Wednesday that the meeting with the president on Friday was a chance to affirm the Republican commitment to spending cuts. "With a $16.6 trillion national 
debt, and a promise to the American people to address it, one thing is perfectly clear: We will cut {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 spending," Mr. McConnell said. "We can either secure those reductions more intelligently, or we can do it the president's way with across-the boar
d cuts. But one thing Americans simply will not accept is another tax increase to replace spending reductions we already agreed to." Photograph President Obama, with John A. Boehner of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the House Speaker, at the Capitol On Wednesday. Both Remain Far Apart On the Current Budget Standoff. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Tax increases; Politics; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Napolitano, Janet, Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.16
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 28, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 28, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-11
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 47. Budget Cuts Are Just the First Shots in a Long Battle Ahead}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budget Cuts Are Just the First Shots in a Long {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Battle{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Ahead}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Stevenson, Richard W
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 28 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
[...]assuming no flowering of peace, love and understanding in the months following fiscal policy's March Madness, the White House a
nd Congress could then find themselves in July back where they were two years earlier: deeply divided over both long- and short-term budget measures and confronting the need to raise the government's debt ceiling again amid calls from conservatives to use
 that leverage to further cut spending. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 It m
ay be hard to believe, given the intense partisan strafing already ignited by the automatic government spending cuts that begin on Friday, but this year's budget wars have yet to get fully under way. In the next month, Democrats and Republicans, so at odd
s
 with one another that they are not even negotiating to avert the across-the-board cuts set to kick in at the end of the week, will have to find a way to agree on spending levels for the remainder of this year. If they fail, they could risk a government s
h
utdown starting March 27, when the current authorization for spending runs out. From the White House to Capitol Hill, no one claims to have any idea about how things will play out or particular confidence that a crisis can be averted. As that drama unfold
s
, another argument will erupt, over a plan to be presented in mid-March by Representative Paul D. Ryan of Wisconsin, the Republican vice-presidential nominee last year, to balance the budget in 10 years through spending cuts far deeper than anything adopt
e
d so far. Mr. Ryan's task will be made easier because his budget, which the House is likely to adopt largely unchanged as its tax and spending blueprint, will accept as a given the tax increases won by President Obama over Republican objections at the beg
i
nning of this year. But to give one indication of the kind of deep spending reductions necessary to achieve balance in a decade, last year's budget plan from Mr. Ryan did not eliminate the deficit until almost 2040. March will also bring the belated unvei
l
ing of Mr. Obama's budget for next year, which will serve as a counterpoint to Mr. Ryan's proposal. To make things even more interesting, the two parties will also take up the first budget plan to be produced by Senate Democrats in four years, forcing vul
n
erable red-state Democrats into some tough votes. Then, assuming no flowering of peace, love and understanding in the months following fiscal policy's March Madness, the White House and Congress could then find themselves in July back where they were two 
y
ears earlier: deeply divided over both long- and short-term budget measures and confronting the need to raise the government's debt ceiling again amid calls from conservatives to use that leverage to further cut spending. The succession of showdowns mirro
r
s to a great degree those that played out tumultuously in 2011, leading to the ungainly compromise that produced this week's automatic spending cuts. Two years ago, the unfolding conflicts were a test of the Tea Party movement's ability to drive the Repub
licans into a more aggressive posture on reducing the size and scope of government. This time around they are a test of whether Mr. Obama's re-election shifted the political dynamic in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in a fundamental way. Having prevailed in getting a tax hike 
in January, Mr. Obama is now trying to break a cycle in which conservatives regularly thwart his hopes of a legacy-enhancing bipartisan deal that would bring down the deficit through a combination of further tax increases and cuts to the entitlement progr
a
ms. And he is still trying, with a notable lack of success so far, to return budget negotiations to a normal legislative process in Congress rather than lurching from one crisis-infused deadline to the next. "The American public has been very clear that t
h
ey do not want us to manage this country by crisis," said Senator Patty Murray, Democrat of Washington, the chairwoman of the Senate Budget Committee. But for the next few weeks and months, brinkmanship could be more the rule than the exception. At this p
o
int, the White House and both parties in Congress expect across-the-board cuts to domestic and military programs to take effect as scheduled on Friday and to remain in force for some relatively extended period. House Republicans intend to move as early as
 
next week to the next stage of the confrontation. They want to pass a continuing resolution to keep the government operating, probably through the end of the current fiscal year on Sept. 30. The measure would authorize discretionary spending of $1.04 tril
l
ion -- the legal cap for this year -- with the understanding that the total would automatically be reduced by the amount of the automatic cuts for this year, effectively yielding a discretionary spending authorization of around $970 billion. House Republi
c
ans say the measure is clean and simple, and that if the Democratic-controlled Senate or the White House choose to reject it, then the responsibility for shutting down the government would fall to them. Senate Democrats and White House officials declined 
t
o say exactly how they would respond, preferring to see how votes on a Senate Democratic alternative play out this week. Senate Democrats, saying they want to avoid indiscriminate spending cuts but still achieve the same amount of deficit reduction, have 
p
roposed swapping the cuts mandated by the sequester for a package of cuts to farm-subsidy programs and tax increases. That package has little chance of clearing the Senate. Congress and the administration could have as little as three weeks to sort things
 
out or risk a government shutdown. Congress is scheduled to leave town around March 22 for its spring break; in addition to resolving spending levels for this year, Congressional leaders are hoping to push budget plans for next year through the House and 
S
enate before they leave town. The experience of the past several years suggests that nothing will truly get settled in the next month. That would kick the big fights -- over the composition of spending cuts, the willingness of Republicans to go along with
 
Mr. Obama's demand for further tax increases and the prospects for a long-term deficit reduction deal -- into the summer, when the federal government will again reach its legal borrowing limit. Many analysts say the prospects for a comprehensive deal this
 
summer are no better than they were in 2011, when talks between Mr. Obama and the House speaker, John A. Boehner, collapsed. "I don't think there's a grand bargain out there -- not this year, not next year, maybe not until after 2016," said Stan Collender
,
 a veteran budget analyst. If that pessimistic view proves correct, the two parties will have to fall back again on temporary measures and gimmicks to avert total fiscal gridlock and the risks of further economic and financial damage to the country -- exa
ctly the sequence of events that put them where they are today. The Times's Jackie Calmes discussed the implications of the sequestration on Tuesday's TimesCast. This is a more complete version of the story than the one that appeared in print. 
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 28, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
To the Editor: Your Feb. 25 editorial "Defense and the Sequester" rightly likens the abrupt and indiscriminate budget cuts 
known as the sequester to a "political machete," but wrongly concludes that the Pentagon can easily absorb these cuts with "prudence and good management." We at the Defense Department are ready to implement the sequester and will do everything possible un
d
er this deliberately restrictive law to mitigate its devastating effects on national security. We also recognize that the Defense Department should help put our nation's fiscal house in order; that is why we have begun to cut $487 billion in defense spend
i
ng over 10 years. We also know we deserve only the budget we need, not the budget we once had. That need should be constantly reassessed. As former Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta and his predecessor, Robert M. Gates, have repeatedly said, we need to ge
t
 better value for every defense dollar we're given. But good management is undermined by sequestration and by something that your editorial does not mention but that is as much of a problem -- the fact that we have no new appropriations bill and are livin
g under last year's law. These two factors together lead to dangerous absurdities like having to curtail soldiers' training, ships' sailing and airplanes' flying. Our military will therefore not be fully ready to meet contingencies other than 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. A strategic approach to defense spending is being seriously compromised by gridlock in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. That is why we urgently need Congress to pass a balanced deficit reduction package that President Obama can sign, and appropriations bills for the Defense Dep
artment and all federal agencies. Our nation's security depends on it. ASHTON B. CARTER Deputy Secretary of Defense Washington, Feb. 27, 2013 To the Editor: I was assistant secretary of defense for systems analysis from 1970 to 1973. My staff and I were r
e
sponsible for the defense planning, programming and budgeting system. I am convinced that, given that staff and responsibility today, we could design a defense program that would ensure our capability to provide the forces needed to meet the challenges an
d
 objectives in the next decade, while reducing the budget to the levels called for by the sequester. The keys would be to think through anew and carefully what those objectives and challenges may be, and the capabilities required to meet them, and to dete
r
mine the extent to which we can plan to share with our allies the responsibility for providing those capabilities. Then we would need to develop the American share and work with our allies to see the complementary joint shares developed. GARDINER L. TUCKE
R
 Shelton, Conn., Feb. 25, 2013 To the Editor: I read with interest your reasonable analysis of how "with prudence and good management," the Defense Department could absorb the cuts in the sequester. But the next day, you seemed to say there was no way to 
avoid significant damage if domestic cuts took effect ("The States Get the Bad News," editorial, Feb. 26). Isn't "prudence and good management" possible across the board? JIM FAIX {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Menlo Park{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Calif.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Feb. 26, 2013 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.28
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Appelbaum, Binyamin
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.1.
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The federal government, the nation's largest consumer and investor, is cutting back at a pace exceeded in the last half-century only by the military demobilizations after the Vietnam War and the cold war. [.
..]he said short-term cuts would worsen those problems by slowing the economy. [...]sequestration mostly spares Medicare and Medicaid, the health care programs that are the primary reason federal spending is projected to increase. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- The federal government, the nation's largest consu
mer and investor, is cutting back at a pace exceeded in the last half-century only by the military demobilizations after the Vietnam War and the cold war. And the turn toward austerity is set to accelerate on Friday if the mandatory federal spending cuts 
known as sequestration start to take effect as scheduled. Those cuts would join an earlier round of deficit reduction measures passed in 2011 and the wind-down of wars in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose} and 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} that already have reduced the federal government's contribution t
o the nation's gross domestic product by almost 7 percent in the last two years. The cuts may be felt more deeply because state and local governments -- which expanded rapidly during earlier rounds of federal reductions in the 1970s and the 1990s, offsett
i
ng much of the impact -- have also been cutting back. Federal, state and local governments now employ 500,000 fewer workers than they did on the eve of the recession in 2007, the longest and deepest decline in total government employment since the afterma
t
h of World War II. Total government spending continues to increase, but those broader figures include benefit programs like Social Security. Government purchases and investments expand the nation's economy, just as private sector transactions do, while be
n
efit programs move money from one group of people to another without directly expanding economic activity. The Federal Reserve and other economic forecasters say that the latest round of government austerity is not likely to return the economy to recessio
n
, thanks to stronger private sector growth. But the spending cutbacks and actions to raise taxes could reduce growth by roughly 1.5 percentage points this year, according to the Congressional Budget Office, leaving the sluggish economy operating well belo
w
 capacity. In testimony to lawmakers on Tuesday, the Fed chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, urged Congress and the Obama administration to replace the scheduled budget cuts with a plan to reduce federal deficits more gradually. "Although monetary policy is workin
g
 to promote a more robust recovery, it cannot carry the entire burden of ensuring a speedier return to economic health," Mr. Bernanke said. He warned that the combination of previous spending cuts and the looming mandatory reductions "could create a signi
f
icant headwind for the economic recovery." The shrinking government is a normal response to an extraordinary situation. Government spending generally rises during recessions and falls as the economy recovers. Spending always declines at the end of one war
,
 let alone two. And three years after a recession, the American economy typically is restored to full bloom. But this time is different. Growth has remained sluggish and millions remain unemployed even as the federal government, riven by partisan differen
c
es, has largely turned its attention to deficit reduction. Mr. Bernanke, like many critics of sequestration, said the government could not ignore the need to reduce its annual deficits and curtail the growth of its debt. But he said short-term cuts would 
w
orsen those problems by slowing the economy. Moreover, sequestration mostly spares Medicare and Medicaid, the health care programs that are the primary reason federal spending is projected to increase. Congress and the administration, he said, should "int
r
oduce these cuts more gradually and compensate with larger and more sustained cuts in the future." Others, however, say that it makes no sense to postpone inevitable cuts. They note that government cutbacks may cause short-term pain, but also tend to prov
ide long-term benefits by making resources available to the private sector. "People focus on the upfront cost and they don't think through the whole timeline," said Tyler Cowen, an economist at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and an occasional contributor to the Su
nday Business section of The New York Times. "You have to cut spending within the next 10 years anyway. It may be time to take some lumps." The current round of austerity does not yet approach the depth or the duration of the earlier round of cutbacks. Be
t
ween 1969 and 1974, as spending on the Vietnam War declined, the government reduced consumption and investment by 24 percent after adjusting for inflation. Between 1991 and 1999, the government reduced consumption and investment by an inflation-adjusted 1
4
 percent. Over the last two years, federal consumption and investment declined by 6.9 percent. Including state and local consumption, a larger category that has declined more slowly, the inflation-adjusted reduction since 2011 was 4.9 percent. But Alec Ph
i
llips, an economist at Goldman Sachs, estimated that federal consumption could fall by another 11 percent over the next two years. Mr. Phillips also noted that those earlier rounds of cuts in the 1970s and the 1990s came primarily from the military budget
.
 The sequester is designed to be indiscriminate, cutting everything from air traffic control to nursery schools. That could increase the resulting pain, because economic research suggests that military cuts are less painful than other kinds of spending re
d
uctions. "It is cutting some of the best spending that government does," Professor Cowen said of the cuts that would fall on the domestic side of the ledger. He said Congress should focus instead on cuts to military spending, farm subsidies and health car
e
 programs like Medicare that he regarded as ripe for reductions. He said that military contractors and personnel might be able to find new jobs with relative ease, because unemployment rates are fairly low for well-educated workers; it is those with less 
e
ducation who are struggling most. An important reason for the depth of the current cutbacks is that the federal government mounted an unusually large response to the recession, even adjusting for its severity, according to research by the Federal Reserve 
Bank of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}San Francisco{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Federal spending expanded to equal almost 25 percent of annual economic output in 2009, well above the 23 percent share that would have been expected based on past recessions, the San Francisco Fed found. But that pattern has now flip
ped. While federal spending remained above the historical trend until earlier this year, scheduled cuts over the next two years would push government spending well below the trend. "History shows that discretionary fiscal policy often helps to support a r
e
covery," Janet Yellen, vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, said in a recent speech. "Discretionary fiscal policy this time has actually acted to restrain the recovery." She added: "I expect that discretionary fiscal policy will continue to be a headwi
n
d for the recovery for some time, instead of the tail wind it has been in the past." Photograph The Budget Cuts Scheduled to Start Taking Effect On Friday Would Affect All Facets of the Federal Budget, Including Aviation and Military Spending. (Photograph
s
 by Jim Weber/the Commercial Appeal, Via Associated Press; Ted S. Warren/Associated Press; Michael Reynolds/European Pressphoto Agency) (A16) Charts: Austerity Is Already Here: Federal Government Spending Often Falls After Recessions and Wars, but the Cur
r
ent Round of Cuts in Investment and Spending On Goods and Services Is Unusually Deep. Combined with Cuts by State and Local Governments, the Drop in Government's Contribution to Economic Growth Is the Largest in More Than 50 Years. Government Jobs, Which 
H
ave Generally Increased During and After Recessions, Have Declined 2.3 Percent Since the Most Recent One Began in Late 2007.; Change in Government Consumption and Investment; Government Jobs Added or Lost During and After Recessions (Sources: Federal Rese
rve Bank of St. Louis (Government Expenditures); National Bureau of Economic Research (Recessions); Bureau of Labor Statistics (Employment)) (Charts by Alicia Parlapiano/the New York Times) (A16) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Economic conditions; Recessions; Government spendin
g; Gross Domestic Product--GDP; Fiscal policy; Budget deficits; Government employees
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Bernanke, Ben
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Congressional Budget Office--CBO; NAICS: 921120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 27, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-12
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Semple, Kirk
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
A spokeswoman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ICE, an arm of the Department of Homeland Security, said the detainees selected for release were "noncriminals and other low-risk offenders who do not have serious criminal histories." 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Federal immigration officials have released hundreds of detainees from detention centers aro
und the country in recent days in a highly unusual effort to save money as automatic budget cuts loom in Washington, officials said Tuesday. The government has not dropped the deportation cases against the immigrants, however. The detainees have been free
d on supervised release while their cases continue in court, officials said. But the decision angered many Republicans, including Representative Robert W. Goodlatte of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, who said the releases were a political gambit by the Obama administration that 
undermined the continuing negotiations over comprehensive immigration reform and jeopardized public safety. "It's abhorrent that President Obama is releasing criminals into our communities to promote his political agenda on sequestration," said Mr. Goodla
t
te, who, as chairman of the Judiciary Committee, is running the House hearings on immigration reform. "By releasing criminal immigrants onto the streets, the administration is needlessly endangering American lives." A spokeswoman for Immigration and Custo
m
s Enforcement, or ICE, an arm of the Department of Homeland Security, said the detainees selected for release were "noncriminals and other low-risk offenders who do not have serious criminal histories." Officials said the releases, which began last week a
n
d continued on Tuesday, were a response to the possibility of automatic governmentwide budget cuts, known as sequestration, which are scheduled to take effect on Friday. "As fiscal uncertainty remains over the continuing resolution and possible sequestrat
i
on, ICE has reviewed its detained population to ensure detention levels stay within ICE's current budget," the agency's spokeswoman, Gillian M. Christensen, said in a statement. The agency's budget for custody operations in the current fiscal year is $2.0
5
 billion, officials said, and as of Saturday, ICE was holding 30,773 people in its detention system. Immigration officials said Tuesday that they had no plans to release substantially more detainees this week, though they warned that more releases were st
i
ll possible depending on the outcome of budget negotiations. They refused to specify exactly how many detainees were released, or where the releases took place. But immigrants' advocates around the country have reported that detainees were freed in severa
l places, including {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Hudson County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.J.{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Polk County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Tex.
{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Broward County{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Fla.{\*\xmlclose}; {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New Orleans{\*\xmlclose}; and from centers in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Arizona{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. While immigration officials occasionally free detainees on supervised release, immigration advocates s
aid that the surge of recent releases -- so many in such a short span of time -- was extraordinary. Under supervised release, defendants in immigration cases have to adhere to a strict reporting schedule that might include attending appointments at a regi
o
nal immigration office as well as wearing electronic monitoring bracelets, officials said. Advocacy groups, citing the cost of detaining immigrants, have for years argued that the federal government should make greater use of less expensive alternatives t
o
 detention for low-risk defendants being held on administrative charges. One such group, the National Immigration Forum, estimated last year that it cost from $122 to $164 a day to hold a detainee in the federal immigration system. In contrast, the organi
zation said, alternative forms of detention could cost from 30 cents to $14 a day per immigrant. Among those released in the past week was Anthony Orlando Williams, 52, a Jamaican immigrant who spent nearly three years in a detention center in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "I'm good, man," he said. "I'm free." Mr. Williams, in a telephone interview from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Stone Mountain{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ga.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said he became an illegal immigrant when he overstayed a visa in 1991. He was detained in 2010 by a sheriff's deputy in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gwinnett County{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ga.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, when it was dis
covered that he had violated probation for a conviction in 2005 of simple assault, simple battery and child abuse, charges that sprung from a domestic dispute with his wife at the time. He was transferred to ICE custody and has been fighting a deportation
 order with the help of Families for Freedom, an immigrant support group in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Mr. Williams was released last Friday. "That was a long, long, long run," he said of his detention, adding that he has an appointment this Friday at an immigration office in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}
Atlanta{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 at which he expects to receive the terms of his supervised release -- "a list of things I have to abide by." Human Rights First, another advocacy group in New York, which has been pressing for reform of the immigration detention system, said tha
t 96 percent of immigrants enrolled in ICE's alternatives-to-detention program attended their final hearing in 2011. That figure was up from the year before, in which 93 percent attended their final court hearings, said the group, citing statistics provid
e
d by B.I., a private contractor that provides monitoring and supervision services to ICE. Immigrants' advocates applauded the releases but pressed the Obama administration to do more, including adhering more closely to its declared enforcement priorities 
and leaving alone immigrants accused of low-level crimes and administrative immigration violations. "It shouldn't take a manufactured crisis in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} to prompt our immigration agencies to actually take steps towards using government resources wisely or
 keeping families together," said Carolina Canizales, a leader of United We Dream, the nation's largest group of young illegal immigrants. But Senator Jeff Sessions, Republican of Alabama, a senior member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, which is also h
o
lding immigration hearings, said the releases "lessened the chances" that legislators might reach a bipartisan accord on comprehensive immigration reform. "It is clear the administration is using the sequester as a convenient excuse to bow to political pr
e
ssure from the amnesty groups," he said. "With this new action, the administration has further demonstrated that it has no commitment to enforcing the law and cannot be trusted to deliver on any future promises of enforcement." Other Republicans, however,
 
shrugged off the releases, saying they expected that the administration would use the excuse of sequestration to take attention-grabbing action and that they were prepared for more in the coming days. Credit: KIRK SEMPLE; Jonathan Weisman contributed repo
rting. Photograph Anthony Orlando Williams Was Released Last Week After Nearly Three Years in an {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Immigration{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Detention{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. (Photograph by Virginie Drujon-Kippelen for the New York Times) (A16) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Aliens; Deportation; Immigration policy; Federal budget
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Goodlatte, Robert W, Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Name: Department of Homeland Security; NAICS: 922120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940; Name: Bureau of Immigration & Customs Enforcement; NAICS: 921130
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 27, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 With Virginia Shipyard as Backdrop, Obama Warns Again on Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Shanker, Thom
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 27 Feb 2013: A.13.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
President Obama flew on Tuesday to the vast shipyard where the nation's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are built to send a warning that aut
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's fragile economic recovery. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
NEWPORT NEWS, Va. -- President Obama flew on Tuesday to the vast shipyard where the nation's nuclear-powered aircraft carriers are built t
o send a warning that automatic cuts in the Pentagon budget, only three days away, threatened the jobs of tens of thousands of workers and America's fragile economic recovery. "This work, along with hundreds of thousands of jobs, are currently in jeopardy
 
because of politics in Washington," the president told a crowd of several hundred at Newport News Shipbuilding, which employs 21,000 people in Virginia and is the state's largest industrial employer. "These cuts are wrong. They're not smart. They are not 
f
air. They are a self-inflicted wound that doesn't have to happen." In a sign of the deepening intransigence on both sides, Republicans dismissed Mr. Obama's remarks as political grandstanding and accused him of trying to scare Americans by exaggerating th
e
 impact of the cuts. They mocked Mr. Obama's recent trips to sound alarms about the budget cuts as campaign-style events that would not ease the nation's fiscal problems. House Speaker John A. Boehner said the president was using the country's "military m
e
n and women as a prop in yet another campaign rally," and showed no willingness to accept Mr. Obama's demands for more revenue by closing tax loopholes. "Spending is the problem, and spending cuts are the solution," Mr. Boehner said on Capitol Hill. "Yes,
 
we should close loopholes, but we should do it as part of tax reform that lowers rates and helps create jobs." But any compromise seemed increasingly elusive and Republican lawmakers appeared divided about how to proceed. Senate Republicans emerged Tuesda
y
 from a policy meeting at odds over what they should offer to replace or mitigate across-the-board spending cuts slated to hit Friday, probably postponing a showdown in the Senate on the parties' two approaches. Newport News Shipbuilding is the nation's o
n
ly builder of the Navy's nuclear-powered carriers and one of only two builders of nuclear-powered submarines. Pentagon officials say the prospect of the automatic cuts, known as the sequester, has delayed the Navy's overhaul of the carrier Abraham Lincoln
 at the shipyard, and would also delay construction of a future aircraft carrier, the John F. Kennedy. The Navy has already signaled that the cuts would delay the routine deployment of a second carrier to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Persian Gulf{\*\xmlclose} region. But Mr. Obama's trip to the
 shipyard was intended to draw attention to what officials say would have a far bigger financial impact at home -- the loss of economic activity and jobs at private companies that do contract work for the military. White House officials said the cuts coul
d
 cost thousands of jobs at the shipyard and at the many suppliers around the country who provide the raw materials to build the nation's fleet of warships. "Already, the uncertainty around these cuts is having an effect," Mr. Obama said. "Companies are st
a
rting to prepare for layoff notices. The longer these cuts are in place, the greater the damage." The visit was part of a continuing effort by the Obama administration to dramatize the real-world impact of the budget cuts, which were enacted 18 months ago
 by both parties as a way of persuading lawmakers to compromise on less onerous ways of reducing the deficit. Joining Mr. Obama on Air Force One for the brief flight from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
 was Representative Scott Rigell, Republican of Virginia, whose district includes {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Norfolk{\*\xmlclose} and parts of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} near the shipyard. He told reporters that he agreed with the president on the need for tax increases to go along with spending cuts -- a view that splits him from his conservative colleagues. "I believe that a positi
on that says we will reject a proposal if it has even a dollar increase in revenue, I don't think that's a wise position and I don't hold that value," Mr. Rigell said, adding he favors getting rid of "lobbyist-inspired, lobbyist-written loopholes. I am in
 
favor of that." But he criticized the president for not offering a specific proposal to resolve the impasse. "I think both parties are responsible for where we are now," Mr. Rigell said. The president, however, praised Mr. Rigell at the event, giving him 
c
redit for being willing to join Democrats in calling for the closing of tax loopholes rather than letting the automatic spending cuts happen. "That's not always healthy for a Republican, being with me," Mr. Obama said. The president said the budget cuts s
e
t to take effect on Friday would severely affect companies that depend on the defense industry and their workers. Although military officials say there will be little visible impact on the country's fighting ability immediately after the cuts begin, they 
say the damage would build over weeks and months as ground brigades scheduled to go to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 do not receive the training they need. Military officials have said that within a year it is possible that two-thirds of Army and Marine Corps ground combat b
rigades would not have been trained or equipped to merit a rating of full readiness. Likewise, Air Force and Navy pilots eventually may not be able to fly the required training hours for readiness certification. "This is not a government shutdown," said G
e
orge Little, the Pentagon press secretary. "But it will start the erosion of our military readiness, and we will soon see impacts to bases and installations around the world." The Defense department has already notified 800,000 civilian employees that the
y may be subject to temporary furloughs that would require them to take leaves without pay in the remaining seven months of the current budget year. Before his remarks, Mr. Obama toured the sprawling facility, where sections of the John Warner and the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Illinois{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, two Virginia-class submarines, were under construction. The company, which has built more than 800 military ships since it was formed in 1886, has revenues of $3.5 billion per year. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and THOM SHANKER; Jonathan Weisman contribut
ed reporting from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Photograph On Tuesday, President Obama Told Employees at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Shipbuilding That Impending Cuts Put Their Work in Jeopardy. Betty Hazelwood, Right, Was Among the Hundreds in Attendance. (Photographs by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 

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Shipyards; Federal budget; Lobbyists; Aircraft carriers; Defense spending; Economic recovery
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}--US, 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Name: Department of Defense; NAICS: 928110; Name: Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co; NAICS: 336611
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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52. Reduced Spending Would Limit Park Services and Revenue, Interior Secretary Says}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 52 of 90
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Reduced Spending Would {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
PlaceName}}Limit{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Park{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Services and Revenue, Interior Secretary Says}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Broder, John M
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.17.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Mr. Salazar's comments and his dire predictions for impacts on the millions of visitors to the nation's 398 national parks and 561 wildlife refuges are part of a concerted administration campaign to pressure Congress to cancel the automatic spending cuts 
known as sequestration and to accept President Obama's demand for balanced deficit reduction including some tax increases. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- Mandatory federal spending cuts scheduled to begin Friday are already affecting operations at many of the nation's national parks and wildlife refuges,
 officials said Monday. Contracts for plowing Tioga and Glacier Point roads in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Yosemite{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}Going-to-the-Sun Road{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Glacier{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}
National Park{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} have been delayed, pushing back the opening of large parts of those popular parks. Hiring of seasonal w
orkers -- including firefighters, law enforcement officers, search-and-rescue teams, and maintenance staff members -- has been frozen. Rangers are preparing to close or cut back hours at campgrounds, trails and visitor centers at parks from Cape Cod in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Massachusetts{\*\xmlclose} to Denali in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 in anticipation of the across-the-board budget cuts. Ken Salazar, the interior secretary, did not announce the closing of any parks, monuments or refuges, but said that hours for visitors centers, tours and interpretive programs, like those at the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Gettysburg{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 battlefield, would be curtailed. He also said that access to some backcountry trails and campgrounds could be limited if firefighting and rescue teams are cut back. "These are real impacts we're looking at," Mr. Salazar sa
id in a call with reporters on Monday. "The sequester was not supposed to happen and now we have to implement these reduced numbers in the remaining seven months of the year." Mr. Salazar's comments and his dire predictions for impacts on the millions of 
v
isitors to the nation's 398 national parks and 561 wildlife refuges are part of a concerted administration campaign to pressure Congress to cancel the automatic spending cuts known as sequestration and to accept President Obama's demand for balanced defic
i
t reduction including some tax increases. Mr. Salazar and Jonathan B. Jarvis, director of the National Park Service, used the call to highlight the economic impact of the 280 million annual visits to federally managed lands and the businesses that depend 
o
n them. They said the national parks generate $30 billion in economic activity and support 252,000 jobs and that some portion of those businesses and those jobs will suffer under the looming cuts. Under the mandatory spending cuts, each park must absorb a
 5 percent decrease in its annual budget. But since the sequester begins in the middle of the fiscal year, the immediate impact is in effect doubled. Mr. Salazar has announced that he intends to leave office in March to return to his family in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Pre
sident Obama has nominated Sally Jewell, currently the chief executive of the outdoor outfitter REI, to take over the department. Mr. Salazar said that if the cuts take effect as scheduled, the agency will have to temporarily furlough thousands of employe
e
s, some for as long as 22 days. He said that federal personnel law requires 30 days' notice of involuntary furloughs, so none will take effect before April 1. He said that he and other officials are now planning such actions. The Interior Department has a
l
ready warned that the budget cuts will reduce federal revenue by slowing development of oil, gas and coal on federal lands and waters. Mr. Salazar, in a letter earlier this month to Senator Barbara Mikulski, the Maryland Democrat and chairwoman of the App
r
opriations Committee, said that the required cuts will have serious effects on the nation's prized natural, scientific and tribal resources. Mr. Salazar said that the spending slowdown would delay review of an expected 550 drilling plans for the Gulf of M
exico and permits for seismic testing and air quality in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. He also said that the agency would issue about 300 fewer drilling permits than anticipated this year for oil and gas wells in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Utah{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wyoming{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. In addition, delays in coa
l leasing because of the sequester will cost the federal government $50 million to $60 million for each delayed lease sale, Mr. Salazar said. Mr. Salazar also warned that federal mineral revenue sharing payments to state and local governments will decline
 
by more than $200 million and that programs for Native American tribes would be trimmed by nearly $130 million. Joan Anzelmo, the former superintendent of the Colorado National Monument and spokeswoman for the Coalition of National Park Service Retirees, 
s
aid that Mr. Salazar and Mr. Jarvis are highlighting the cuts that will be most immediately felt by the public to bring pressure on Congress to call off the sequester. She said that the park service budget has been stagnant for four years while operating 
costs are rising. Something has to give, she said. "Instead of being focused on getting their jobs done, park managers are all focused on how they're going to implement these cuts," she said in a telephone interview from her home in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Wyoming{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "It's hurting p
eople, it's hurting communities around the parks, and employees are at a point where they're hitting a wall. This is no way for our government to work." 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
National parks; Oil exploration; Parks & recreation areas; Visitor centers; Wildlife sanctuaries; Revenue sharing; Glaciers; Government spending; Federal budget
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alaska{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Glacier{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Yosemite National Park{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: National Park Service-
US; NAICS: 924120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.17
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 26, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 26, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-08
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 53. G.O.P. Drafts Plan to Give Obama Discretion on Cuts}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 G.O.P. Drafts Plan to Give Obama Discretion on Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.17.
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HYPERLINK http://www.library.gatech.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312377089?accountid=11107}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\cf0\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
If Congress grants the White House the authority to protect air traffic controllers, Border Patrol agents and national parks, the administration's carefully d
evised high-pressure campaign that has been mounting for weeks could deflate. [...]the White House would take on the responsibility of deciding which programs to protect and which to expose -- and the political consequences that go with that. 
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New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-26&volume=&issue=&spage=A.17&au=Weisman,%20Jonathan;Shear,%20Michael%20D&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- Congressional Republicans are preparing 
to counter increasingly dire warnings from President Obama about the impact of automatic budget cuts with a plan to give the administration more flexibility in instituting $85 billion in cuts, a proposal they say could protect the most vital programs whil
e
 shifting more of the political fallout to the White House. The plan is vigorously opposed by the administration, which said Monday that it would do little to soften the blow to military and domestic programs. But it is also dividing Democrats, with lawma
k
ers from the states facing the deepest cuts signaling that they may be prepared to go along with Republicans if it means avoiding indiscriminate cuts to military programs and social services. With just three days left until the across-the-board cuts calle
d
 sequestration are scheduled to begin, administration officials continued to describe the consequences in alarming terms, even as there was little evidence of serious negotiations with lawmakers to reach a deal to avoid them. Still, Senator Lindsey Graham
,
 a South Carolina Republican and a leading defense hawk, appeared to advance the debate on Monday. "This is the chance to do the big deal," he said on CNN. "I'm willing to raise revenue. I'm willing to raise $600 billion in new revenue if my Democratic fr
i
ends would be willing to reform entitlements, and we can fix sequestration together." Janet Napolitano, the secretary of homeland security, said the automatic cuts would leave the country not as well guarded and less able to meet terrorist threats, and wo
u
ld inconvenience millions of travelers. Ken Salazar, the interior secretary, warned that campgrounds would close, firefighting efforts would be scaled back and fewer seasonal workers would be hired. "There's always a threat," Ms. Napolitano said. "We are 
g
oing to do everything we can to minimize that risk. But the sequester makes that very, very tough." Seeking to shift responsibility for the cuts to Mr. Obama and to defang attacks by the White House, Republicans were expected to unveil legislation on Tues
d
ay that they said would mitigate some of the biggest concerns. The measure would let agencies and departments cull programs that were long ago proved to be ineffective, and would make sure critical federal functions like air traffic control and meat inspe
c
tion were spared. But White House budget officials are leery. If Congress grants the White House the authority to protect air traffic controllers, Border Patrol agents and national parks, the administration's carefully devised high-pressure campaign that 
h
as been mounting for weeks could deflate. Moreover, the White House would take on the responsibility of deciding which programs to protect and which to expose -- and the political consequences that go with that. Daniel I. Werfel, the controller of the Whi
t
e House budget office, said that if the administration had to cut $2 billion from the Education Department's budget, choosing between children covered by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or Title I for poor districts is not freedom. "Poor c
h
ildren or children with disabilities, it's $2 billion in a seven-month period of time," Mr. Werfel said. "The notion that there's these enormous pockets of low-priority activities that we can move this money from -- I don't see it." Jay Carney, the White 
H
ouse spokesman, dismissed the Republican plan, saying that no amount of flexibility could mitigate the damage of the automatic cuts. He said such changes could help only "on the margins." White House officials fear that the legislation would give lawmaker
s
 the false sense that they had voted to take the sting out of cuts that will hurt no matter what flexibility the administration has. "The notion that you're walking away from this without some of the abrupt, significant effects that would occur from the s
e
quester -- in our estimation, it's not true," Mr. Werfel said. The proposal is also opposed by some Republicans who fear that it would give away too much of Congress's authority to say where and how money gets spent. Senator John McCain, Republican of Ari
z
ona, condemned it as an unacceptable ceding of Congressional authority. "I say to my Republican friends, if you want to just give the president flexibility as to how to enact these cuts in defense spending, then why don't we go home and just give him the 
m
oney?" Mr. McCain said Sunday on CNN. "I am totally opposed to that." Senator Tim Kaine, Democrat of Virginia, pointed out the irony of Republicans wanting to give Mr. Obama more discretion in how he manages the nation's finances. "These guys bash the pre
s
ident nonstop," he said in an interview. "Then they are going to take the power of the purse and say, 'We are so unable to do our job we are going to give you complete flexibility to do it'? There's an irony there." The showdown is likely to come on Wedne
s
day, when Senate Democrats are to put to a vote legislation that would cancel this year's automatic, across-the-board cuts and replace them with a $110 billion package of tax increases on incomes over $1 million, the elimination of farm subsidies and mili
t
ary cuts delayed until 2014. Republicans had been expected to present their own package to replace the so-called sequestration. Instead, Republican leaders were expected to present the flexibility legislation. Rather than a select set of domestic and mili
tary programs facing cuts of 11 percent to 13 percent, a much broader range of federal programs would face a considerably smaller hit. Don Stewart, a spokesman for Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the Republican leader, said that the details were not co
mplete, and that no decision had been made to subject the largest protected parts of the budget -- Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid and military personnel -- to cuts. But if the whole federal budget is exposed, Mr. Stewart said, the dire warnings issue
d
 daily by the White House would quickly lose credibility. "If they can't find 2.4 percent in a $3 trillion budget, we might as well give up," he said. "It's not a Hobson's choice." The Republican legislation, however, may be much more constrained than tha
t
, simply codifying the latitude Republicans say the administration already has to shift cuts within an agency or department without exposing more programs to the knife. Senator Mark Warner, Democrat of Virginia, has joined the effort. "I continue to work 
w
ith my colleagues in urging the White House and Congressional leaders to at least provide enough flexibility for agencies to make more rational budget decisions," Mr. Warner said in a statement. Republicans were also taking steps to show that $85 billion 
i
s not hard to find. Senator Tom Coburn of Oklahoma, who was drafting the flexibility bill with two fellow Republicans, Senators Patrick J. Toomey of Pennsylvania and James M. Inhofe of Oklahoma, fired off a letter to the White House budget office pointing
 
to current job openings in the government that could go unfilled: staff assistant at the Labor Department to answer telephones, salary range $51,630 to $81,204; 10 drivers for the State Department, $22.76 to $26.45 an hour; and director for Air Force Hist
o
ry and Museum Policies and Programs, up to $165,300 a year. "Are any of these positions more important than an air traffic controller, a Border Patrol officer, a food inspector, a T.S.A. screener or a civilian supporting our men and women in combat in Afg
hanistan?" the senators' letter asked the acting White House budget chief, Jeffrey Zients. Photograph President Obama Discussing the Budget Cuts with Governors at the White House On Monday. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Because the reductions hurt defense programs long held sac
rosanct by Republicans, the White House thought it had leverage that would reduce the damage to the domestic programs favored by Democrats. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, home of the Senate Republican leader, Mitch McConnell, residents woke up on Monday to news articles like these: Widespread government spending cuts that begin on Friday will cost 21,484 jobs in the state. A construction project at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Fort{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Knox{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will come to a halt. Three airports may endure partial shutdowns. Nearly $12 million in grants to public schools would be cut, putting at risk the jobs of 160 teachers and aides. More than 1,000 children would lose access to Head Start
. The White House released warnings for every state on Sunday in the hope that angry voters would besiege Republican lawmakers like Mr. McConnell and the House speaker, John Boehner, to stop the $85 billion in cuts, known as a sequester. President Obama w
a
nts to replace the sequester with a mix of tax increases on the rich and less damaging spending reductions. Republicans say they won't consider any proposal that isn't all cuts, so the sequester is all but certain to begin this week. The White House strat
e
gy on the sequester was built around a familiar miscalculation about Republicans. It assumed that, in the end, they would be reasonable and negotiate a realistic alternative to indiscriminate cuts. Because the reductions hurt defense programs long held sa
c
rosanct by Republicans, the White House thought it had leverage that would reduce the damage to the domestic programs favored by Democrats. It turns out, though, that the defense hawks in the party are outnumbered. More Republicans seem to care about redu
c
ing spending at all costs, and the prospect of damaging vital government programs does not seem to bother them. "Fiscal questions trump defense in a way they never would have after 9/11," Representative Tom Cole, a Republican of Oklahoma, told The Times. 
"But the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is over. Troops are coming home from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and we want to secure the cuts." Cuts this draconian have no place in a tottering economy. But, realistically, the only way to break this standoff is for the cuts to exact their toll on 
daily life, causing Republicans to face pressure from the public to negotiate an alternative plan with higher revenues in March as part of talks to finance the government for the final six months of the fiscal year. The details the White House released ov
er the weekend are eye-opening. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, Mr. Boehner's home state, the cuts could cost 30,000 jobs. An 8 percent cut in federal research grants "would probably bring us to our knees," said Dr. Thomas Boat, dean of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}University{\*\xmlclose} of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Cincinnati{\*\xmlclose}'s {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}College{\*\xmlclose} of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Medicine{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, according to The Cincinnati Enquirer. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 would lose $42.7 million in education aid, according to the White House, putting at risk nearly 600 jobs for teachers and their aides. About 12,000 civilian defense workers would be furloughed, and th
ere would be big cuts to grants for law enforcement, job training, child care, public health and environmental protection. The White House should have released these kinds of details months ago, when there was more time to make a strong case to the public
 
against these cuts. Instead, administration officials failed to discuss the consequences, fearing political blame while confidently predicting the Republicans would cave. The result of that miscalculation -- and of the Republican disdain for the health of
 the economy and those who depend on government services -- will become clearer in just a few days. 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.24.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 To the Editor: Your report about alarm by state governments over loom
ing federal budget cuts included in sequestration reflects a stunning hypocrisy by many Republican governors ("Fear of U.S. Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows," front page, Feb. 23). Now they bemoan sequestration. But they were elected on a Tea Party pl
a
tform of no compromise, no revenues, no balance -- the very platform that led to sequestration. They were enablers and endorsers of a ruinous strategy, and now that the strategy is affecting their states, they blame everyone but themselves. House Democrat
s
 have and will continue to support balanced compromise involving reduced spending, additional revenues and targeted investments in the job-creating infrastructure many Republican governors now fear losing. Memo to Republican governors: Stop issuing news r
eleases and instead pick up the phone, call the Republicans in your Congressional delegations and urge them to negotiate and compromise. STEVE ISRAEL Huntington, N.Y., Feb. 23, 2013 The writer, who represents {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}'s Third District in the House, heads th
e Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. To the Editor: As your article correctly details, the across-the-board cuts to federal discretionary and military spending scheduled to take effect on Friday, March 1, will affect every corner of our country.
 
Some states will lose a substantial amount of their income from the federal government, those with large military contractors will face devastating cuts, agricultural services will be curtailed, and with the loss of air traffic controllers and gate securi
t
y personnel, flying will become a nightmare. Local loss of financing to states and municipalities will cause layoffs of police officers, firefighters, teachers and road maintenance crews. But maybe short-term cuts might not be such a bad idea. Then all th
o
se Tea Party types who so loudly declare that they don't want their hard-earned tax dollars going to "them" will learn that they are on the receiving end of lots of hard-earned tax dollars coming from "them." ARTHUR L. YEAGER Edison, N.J., Feb. 23, 2013 T
o
 the Editor: Sequestration was apparently formulated to define spending cuts so widespread and arbitrary that they would force a more reasoned deal -- in other words, enacting legislation so bad that it would inevitably lead to better legislation. Such a 
t
actic would be reckless in the best of times. In this environment of political intransigence, it exemplifies dysfunctional government at its worst. ARNIE MORI Fairport, N.Y., Feb. 24, 2013 To the Editor: Both parties agree that the sequester will have a d
a
maging effect. It also seems to be one of the only acts of Congress that will actually be carried out. Must we conclude that Congress, by its own admission, has become an institution that actively harms the country? Makes one long for the days when it was
 merely ineffectual! {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname address}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname Street}}DAVID MARTYN St.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Paul, Feb. 23, 2013 Illustration Drawing (Drawing by Alain Pilon) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.24
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 56. Our Second Adolescence}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Our Second Adolescence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Brooks, David
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: A.25.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]Obama could nurture investment by starting a debate on the sort of consump
tion tax plan Michael Graetz describes in his book "100 Million Unnecessary Returns": Enact a value-added tax, use money from that tax to finance an income tax exemption of $100,000, cut the corporate tax rate to 15 percent, replace the earned-income tax 
credit with payroll tax relief and debit cards. [...]Obama could talk obsessively about family structure and social repair. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
In Friday's column, I wrote that the Obama administration has no plan to avoid the sequester save raising taxes on the rich. That was unfair. The White House approach is not what I would like, but it is more balanced than I described. Humiliation is 
a good teacher. So, I've been trying to think through my dissatisfaction -- and clarify what I think the administration should do. First, I don't believe that President Obama should become a Bill Clinton-style centrist. The 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Clinton{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} policies were fine for t
heir time. But, since then, we've had two decades in which inequality has gotten worse, the structural problems that slow growth have accumulated and debt levels have exploded. We simply need more robust policies than anything modeled in that era of centr
i
sm. Second, I don't think it's in Obama's interest to be the liberal Reagan. This is more or less the mode he has fallen into so far in his second term. The Republicans attack government, so the Democrats defend government. The Republicans champion the in
d
ividual, so the Democrats champion the collective. This allows Obama to stay within the confines of Democratic orthodoxy. He can make gestures toward balance but doesn't really crusade for anything that fundamentally challenges his electoral coalition. Th
e
 problem is that this approach locks us into the same debate framework we've been stuck in since 1980, which has produced so much gridlock. If politics is framed in this way, then the country divides and policy stagnates. We will keep having these endless
 
budget squabbles. The dysfunction will metastasize. My main complaint with Obama is that he promised to move us beyond these stale debates, but he's, instead, become a participant in them. My dream Obama would take advantage of the fact that only the pres
i
dent can fundamentally shift the terms. He'd take advantage of George Santayana's observation that Americans don't solve their problems; they leave them behind. My dream Obama would abandon the big government versus small government argument. He'd point o
u
t that in a mature, aging society, government isn't going anywhere. The issue is not size but sclerosis. The future has no lobby, so there are inexorable pressures favoring present consumption over future investment. The crucial point is not whether a dol
l
ar is spent publicly or privately, it's whether it is spent on the present or future. The task today is to reform institutions and rearrange spending so we look like a young nation and not a comfort-seeking, declining one. My dream Obama would nurture inv
e
stment in three ways. First, he would take spending that currently goes to the affluent elderly and redirect it to the young and the struggling. He would build on the means-testing Medicare idea that Yuval Levin described recently in The Times. Older peop
l
e with higher lifetime earnings would have fewer benefits, and they wouldn't kick in until age 70. That money could be used to reduce our children's debt burden and to fund early education, community colleges, research and infrastructure projects. Preside
n
t Obama thinks the Democratic base would reject this shift. I'm not so sure. Democratic interest groups generally care more about discretionary spending than entitlement spending for the affluent. Moreover, I think Republicans could be persuaded that it's
 
crazy to harp on discretionary spending, which is a deficit sideshow. They should focus their energies on entitlements. Second, Obama could nurture investment by starting a debate on the sort of consumption tax plan Michael Graetz describes in his book "1
0
0 Million Unnecessary Returns": Enact a value-added tax, use money from that tax to finance an income tax exemption of $100,000, cut the corporate tax rate to 15 percent, replace the earned-income tax credit with payroll tax relief and debit cards. This i
s
 a heavy lift politically, but it achieves Obama's fairness goals while boosting growth. Third, Obama could talk obsessively about family structure and social repair. Every week we get another statistic showing how social and income inequality is dividing
 
the nation. A team led by Robert Putnam of Harvard recently completed research showing that while childhood obesity is falling among kids whose parents graduated from college, it is still rising among kids whose parents have a high school degree or less. 
B
ecause of his upbringing, President Obama is uniquely qualified to talk about family structures. Traditional values are an investment in the young, and he could do what he can to restitch the social fabric. If we don't address this problem, inequality wil
l
 be worse 30 years from now no matter what else we do. My dream Obama wouldn't be just one gladiator in the zero-sum budget wars. He'd transform the sequester fight by changing the categories that undergird it. He'd possess the primary ingredient of polit
ical greatness: imagination. The great presidents, like Teddy Roosevelt, see situations differently. They ask different questions. History pivots around their terms. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax reform; Inequality; Studies; Corporate taxes; Tax rates; Government spending;
 Federal budget; Economic policy
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.25
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 26, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 26, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-07
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sharkey, Joe
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 26 Feb 2013: B.6.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Whatever the immediate impact, those warning flares from Mr. LaHood do illuminate a landscape where bus
iness travelers and company travel managers are already feeling uneasy, given the uncertainty about rising prices and continuing capacity cuts that have been reducing airline service in smaller markets. 
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date=2013-02-26&volume=&issue=&spage=B.6&au=Sharkey,%20Joe&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
I'M not foolhardy enough to venture guesses about what, if anything, may happen in Congress this week as the deadl
ine for deep spending cuts looms on Friday. But there is the prospect of significant effects on air travel. In recent days, Ray LaHood, the transportation secretary, has been warning that the budget cuts would create major disruptions in air travel. He sa
i
d, for instance, that staff furloughs at the Federal Aviation Administration could force the closing of 100 air traffic control centers, and the elimination of overnight shifts at 60 others, in small and midsize markets. In an interview Monday on MSNBC, M
r
. LaHood insisted that his comments were meant as "warning flares" about the effects of threatened cuts. No one, incidentally, is predicting immediate widespread disruptions if Congress allows those cuts to take effect on Friday. "While the F.A.A. is usin
g
 words like shuttered and furloughed, it is unlikely transportation will go into an immediate worst-case scenario," said Greeley Koch, the executive director of the Association of Corporate Travel Executives. "But with the economy showing some signs of li
f
e, the last thing you would want to do is stop or reverse the process by having the F.A.A. restrict air travel," he added. Whatever the immediate impact, those warning flares from Mr. LaHood do illuminate a landscape where business travelers and company t
r
avel managers are already feeling uneasy, given the uncertainty about rising prices and continuing capacity cuts that have been reducing airline service in smaller markets. "The most frustrated folks right now are business travelers, who expect a certain 
a
mount of predictability going through the system," said Geoff Freeman, the chief operating officer of the U.S. Travel Association. With the possibility of increased waiting times at airport security, where furloughs would also occur, business travelers an
d
 corporate managers might cut back on planned trips "in a travel process that's already pushed to the brink." He added, "Travel could very easily become the face of the sequester." One of the immediate effects of reduced operations at the F.A.A. would pro
b
ably be felt in regional air service, or the vital connections between midsize and small airports and big city hubs. The budget standoff is "an irresponsible game of chicken, with no winners," said Roger Cohen, the president of the Regional Airline Associ
ation. Cutbacks in smaller markets would create "delays and missed connections at the major hubs, such as Chicago O'Hare, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Houston{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Philadelphia{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Detroit{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Minneapolis{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}'s La Guardia and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newark{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, and Washington Reagan, each where regional airlines acco
unt for more than half the daily flights," he said. Airlines would also probably further reduce flights in those feeder markets. Major furloughs in the ranks of air traffic controllers "will undoubtedly have a negative effect on capacity," according to th
e
 National Air Traffic Controllers Association. "Airlines will have fewer flights, and fewer passengers will fly," the group said in a statement. If travel cuts occur, airlines will do everything they can to protect operations at the big hubs where most of
 their revenue is generated, including for international flights. Dan Elwell, the senior vice president for safety, security and operations at Airlines for {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the domestic airlines' trade association, said that it was too early to speculate on how air
lines might adjust to possible cutbacks. Will airlines begin to triage already reduced service in the regional markets to keep the hubs functioning efficiently?"We fully expect to get details," as the budget showdown approaches, Mr. Elwell said. "We have 
a
 team that works full time at the national command center of the F.A.A., and they're in place for anything that could arise." For their part, travel managers who need to plan well ahead are deeply concerned, said Mr. Koch of the Association of Corporate T
r
avel Executives. "Dire warnings of 90-minute delays at major airports and limited or no services at regional airports are being evaluated by travel management executives around the world today," he said, noting that if cuts did occur, "international trave
l headed to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will suffer, too." Mr. Freeman, at the U.S. Travel Association, predicted that there would be "a lot of frustrated travelers" if the cuts occurred. Frustration with airline service cutbacks, as well as airport security and cust
oms hassles, "is already the biggest issue we face as an industry when it comes to growth," he said. "The fact is that air travel is already widely considered by many people to be a pain in the fill-in-the-blank." Even without the aggravating effects of b
u
dget cuts, the costs of air travel are mounting, especially as airlines struggle with fuel prices that are expected to rise to record average levels this year. In a recent report, the Global Business Travel Association said buyers "expect travel prices to
 
increase substantially in 2013, from 4.6 percent for domestic economy airfare to 8.3 percent for international economy airfare." Those expectations are already starting to be realized. Late last week, the major airlines began a round of price increases fo
r
 trips booked within seven days of departure -- the sort of fares "that are typically flown by business travelers," said Rick Seaney, the chief executive of FareCompare.com. AuthorAffiliation JOE SHARKEY jsharkey@nytimes.com Illustration Drawing (Drawing 
by Chris Gash) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Airlines; Federal budget; Executives; Travel; Business travel; Air travel; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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Name: MSNBC; NAICS: 511140, 515210; Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: US Travel Association; NAICS: 813920; Name: Association of Corporate Travel Executives; NAICS: 813910; Name: Regional Airline Association; NAICS: 813910
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 26, 2013
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.2.
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"Fiscal questions trump defense in a way they never would have after 9/11. But the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} is over. Troops are coming home from 
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, and we want to secure the cuts." REPRESENTATIVE TOM COLE, Republican of Oklahoma, on the willingness of many Republicans to accept sharp spending cuts to defense programs in the so-called sequester. 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pear, Robert
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Cabinet officers sounded the alarm on television talk shows, and their concerns resonated with state officials, who were in town for the winter meeting of the National Governors Association. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 -- In an effort to put pressure on Congressional Republicans, the White House warned on Sunday that automatic budget cuts scheduled to take effect this week would have a devastating impact on programs for people of all ages in every state. Cabin
et officers sounded the alarm on television talk shows, and their concerns resonated with state officials, who were in town for the winter meeting of the National Governors Association. Daniel I. Werfel, the controller of President Obama's budget office, 
h
eld an unusual Sunday briefing to catalog the effects of the cuts state by state. He and Jason Furman, the principal deputy director of the National Economic Council, said they were not exaggerating the damage that would be done. In place of the across-th
e
-board cuts, known as sequestration, Mr. Obama wants Congress to agree to what he calls a "balanced plan." The plan includes cuts in selected domestic programs, savings in certain benefit programs and additional tax revenue collected from some corporation
s
 and high-income people. The conflict is shaping up as a real-world test of the importance and value of the federal government. Democrats expressed confidence that Americans would feel the impact of an $85 billion cut in a $3.5 trillion budget, while Repu
b
licans insisted that they would not accept new taxes on top of those signed into law by Mr. Obama last month. The White House intensified its campaign just as Congress was returning to work this week and some governors were expressing anguish over the imp
act of the impending automatic cuts in federal spending. "We don't do across-the-board cuts in state government, and it's a stupid idea in the federal government," said Gov. Dannel P. Malloy of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a Democrat. But Gov. Dave Heineman of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Nebraska{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a 
Republican, said in an interview: "The White House is engaged in scare tactics. Every governor in this country knows how to cut their budget by 2 or 3 percent, and the White House ought to learn how to do it." "The sequester is not the best way to do it,"
 Mr. Heineman added. "We need greater flexibility in that process. But it's hard for me to believe that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 is going to be devastated by the federal government cutting its budget 2 or 3 percent. That's a bunch of malarkey." Another Republican, Gov. Tom Corbett of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pennsylvania
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said in an interview, "The White House is in a campaign mode of trying to scare everybody, rather than sitting down with Congress and working out what the solution is to the budget." State-by-state estimates of the impact of federa
l policies have been a staple of White House efforts to mobilize public opinion for more than 20 years. In its report Sunday, the White House described how the budget cuts would hit states, with an emphasis on jobs lost. "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Ohio{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} will lose approximately $25.1 million in funding for primary and secondary education, putting around 350 teacher and aide jobs at risk," the White House said. "In 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Georgia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, around 4,180 fewer children will receive vaccines for diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, whooping
 cough, influenza and hepatitis B due to reduced funding for vaccinations of about $286,000. "{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Pennsylvania{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 could lose up to $271,000 in funds that provide services to victims of domestic violence, resulting in up to 1,000 fewer victims being served. In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}
, approximately 52,000 civilian Department of Defense employees would be furloughed, reducing gross pay by around $274.8 million in total." In addition, the White House said, many of the nation's 398 national parks would be partly or fully closed. On Fri
day, the administration said, $85 billion in cuts will automatically begin to take effect, with many domestic programs facing reductions of 9 percent and some military programs being reduced by 13 percent in the remaining seven months of the federal fisca
l year. Appearing Sunday on the CBS program "Face the Nation," Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, a Democrat, described the cuts as a threat to the economy. "These are job-killing cuts, and we have to find a way to avoid them," Mr. O'Malley said. "We cannot 
cut our way to prosperity. We need a balanced approach to continue our jobs recovery." Dan Pfeiffer, a senior adviser to Mr. Obama, portrayed the Republicans as willful and obstinate. "Republicans have decided they want the sequester to go into effect," M
r
. Pfeiffer said in a conference call with journalists. "They have decided that they are not open to compromise, that these cuts should happen, that these cuts are better for the country, better for 100,000 Americans to lose their jobs. It's better for peo
p
le to wait in longer lines at airports; it's better for kids to get kicked out of Head Start than to close a few loopholes that benefit the wealthy. That's the choice they've made." Mr. Pfeiffer said Republicans were undermining their own long-term goal o
f
 deficit reduction because "they don't want to give the president the win of additional revenue." Republicans say the tax changes proposed by the president would stifle economic growth. Sean M. Spicer, a spokesman for the Republican National Committee, sa
i
d Republicans agreed that "the sequester is not the right way to control federal spending." But he described the White House report on the state-by-state impact as "a public relations stunt." In deciding how to carry out the cuts, Mr. Werfel said, agencie
s
 have only "limited flexibility." "There are constraints to what an agency can do in taking this across-the-board $85 billion cut," Mr. Werfel said. "The way the law is written, it has to be taken from a percentage cut from every program, project and acti
v
ity." Under the Budget Control Act of 2011, which created the latest version of the sequester, some programs, like Medicaid and food stamps, are exempt from the automatic cuts, and cuts in Medicare payments cannot exceed 2 percent. Social Security benefit
s
 would not be cut. But the White House said that the automatic budget cuts would force the agency to "curtail service to the public," and that the backlog of Social Security disability claims would increase. Photograph A Meeting of Governors in Washington
 
On Sunday, Coinciding with White House Budget Warnings, Included Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, Second From Right.; Gov. Bob Mcdonnell of Virginia Entering a National Governors Association Session On Sunday. (Photographs by Christopher Gregory/the New Yo
rk Times) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Government spending; State government; Governors; Meetings
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: National Governors Association; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.10
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-11
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 60. In Impasse, New York Would Face Steep Cuts}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 In Impasse, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Would Face Steep Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Hernandez, Raymond
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.10.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 face steep reductions in federal aid for education, childhood vaccinations, military operations, environmental protection and other programs if President Obama and Congress fail to reach agreement on a plan t
o avert a looming series of across-the-board cuts in spending. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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rk%20Would%20Face%20Steep%20Cuts:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-25&volume=&issue=&spage=A.10&au=Hernandez,%20Raymond&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose} -- 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 face steep reductions in federal aid for education, childhood vaccinations, military operations, environmental protection and other programs if President Obama and Congress fail to reach agreement on a plan to aver
t a looming series of across-the-board cuts in spending. Nationwide, $85 billion in cuts will automatically go into effect on Friday, with many domestic programs facing reductions of as much as 9 percent and military programs being reduced by 13 percent o
v
er the rest of the federal fiscal year. For New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, that means reductions totaling hundreds of millions of dollars to popular programs, according to a state-by-state document that the White House released on Sunday in an effo
r
t to apply pressure on Congressional Republicans as both sides appear to be deadlocked over how to avert the automatic cuts, known as sequester. Some of the biggest reductions will be to financing for primary and secondary education, with New York set to 
l
ose about $42 million, New Jersey nearly $12 million and Connecticut nearly $9 million. The cuts, according to the White House's estimate, would jeopardize nearly 900 teaching and classroom aide positions in all three states. Steep cuts would also be made
 to environmental programs, including those aimed at maintaining water and air quality. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} would see its environmental financing cut by nearly $13 million, while {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} would lose about $5 million and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} $2 million. The three states would
 also face nearly $1 million in curtailments to programs providing vaccinations to children against diseases like mumps, rubella, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, hepatitis B and influenza. If enacted, the cutbacks would mean that 12,670 fewer children w
ould be receiving vaccinations in all three states, according to the White House estimate. The reductions would affect military installations in all three states. Roughly 11,000 civilian Department of Defense employees would be furloughed in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose}, 12,000 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and 3,000 in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}. The furloughs could amount to about $151 million in lost pay, according to the administration's estimate. Programs providing meals for older people would also be hit. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}New York{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Jersey{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} would face
 about $2.1 million in cuts to such programs, the White House estimated. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Connecticut{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 would lose $1.1 million from programs that help find jobs for unemployed people. The White House estimates that the decrease would mean that nearly 15,000 une
mployed individuals would go without this service. Democrats had hoped that the prospect of the reductions -- particularly to the Pentagon -- would force Republicans into accepting a deal that would include specific spending cuts and tax increases. Yet Re
p
ublicans have signaled that they have no interest in accepting tax increases, even if that means allowing the automatic cuts to go into effect. Many Republicans say that they already made significant concessions in the area of taxes during the last budget
 standoff, when their party agreed to $600 billion in tax increases as part of a deal struck on New Year's Eve. 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 25 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]the howls in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from the Pentagon chieftains and their ardent Congressional supporters. 
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The arbitrary budget cuts known as the sequester will exact a toll on not only dom
estic programs but military spending as well. Hence the howls in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 from the Pentagon chieftains and their ardent Congressional supporters. But the truth is that the military budget not only can be cut, but should be cut, though not with this kind 
of political machete and not in the way the service chiefs say they plan to wield it. If and when the sequester comes into play on March 1, it will force cuts totaling $85 billion in discretionary government spending over the next seven months. This inclu
d
es $43 billion from defense programs, or 8 percent. Over the next 10 years, defense cuts are supposed to total $500 billion. In recent weeks, Pentagon officials and military commanders have warned of catastrophic consequences, using the most operatic term
inology they can find -- "dire" and "devastating" cuts will reduce {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's military machine to a "hollow force" -- to dramatize their point. Troops will be insufficiently trained and equipped, and thus be at greater risk of losing their lives if deployed 
to a conflict zone. Two carrier strike groups won't be deployed as planned. The Navy will be forced to shut down four air wings, and after 90 days, pilots will lose their certifications and have to be retrained. The list goes on. Some of this is plainly h
y
pe. Both the generals and the civilians in the Pentagon know that some cuts are possible and that even under the sequester American security need not be compromised. The military has many resources, and in some respects it is over-resourced. Important bud
g
etary accounts -- military pay and benefits -- are exempted from the sequester and, according to experts, the Pentagon has more flexibility than is commonly understood to weather these reductions. In a memo to lawmakers this month, Amy Belasco, a defense 
s
pecialist with the Congressional Research Service, concluded that the services would retain some discretion to shift funds to critically needed accounts. She said that some key programs -- aircraft for the Air Force and tracked vehicles for the Army, for 
i
nstance -- would actually be financed at levels above the Pentagon's original request in part because Congress increased some funding in the 2013 spending bill. And she suggested that commanders are planning to cut readiness about twice as much as they ne
e
d to and would be better off spreading the reductions within operations and maintenance accounts. If the Pentagon is ill prepared to deal with the sequester, it is to some extent a self-inflicted wound. Military leaders assumed the sequester would never h
a
ppen and refused to mitigate its effects in advance. The Pentagon also does itself no favor by continuing to throw money at troubled weapons. As for the sequester's impact on defense contractors, experts say the contractors have long known military spendi
n
g was on the decline and built that into their projections. Production backlogs resulting from past contracts are also expected to cushion the effect. After 9/11, the Pentagon was handed a virtual blank check and its base budget soared from $397 billion i
n
 2001 to $557 billion in 2013. Spending is expected to decline in real terms this year, but after that it will rise slightly, even if the sequester takes effect, experts say. By some calculations, President Obama will still spend more on defense than most
 postwar presidents. The Pentagon needs to focus on shaping the force for new threats. Now that the wars in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Iraq{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} are ending, it also needs to make reforms and rein in spending. Flexible reductions would obviously be preferable to the abrupt 
and mandated cuts of a sequester. But the Pentagon can absorb even that with prudence and good management. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Defense spending; Federal budget; Defense contracts; Editorials
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.16
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 25, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 62. Fault-Finding Grows Intense As Cuts Near}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Fault-Finding Grows Intense As Cuts Near}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 First the Whit
e House and Congress created a potential fiscal crisis, agreeing more than a year ago to once-unthinkable governmentwide spending cuts in 2013 unless the two parties agreed to alternative ways to reduce budget deficits. Are they really willing to slash mi
l
itary health care and the Border Patrol just because they refuse to eliminate tax breaks for big oil companies?" For Republicans, who oppose any tax increases, Mr. Hoeven countered: "He blames Congress for the sequester, but Bob Woodward, in his book 'The
 Price of Politics' sets the record straight. 
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s%20Near:%20%5BNational%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-24&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Calmes,%20Jackie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- First the White House an
d Congress created a potential fiscal crisis, agreeing more than a year ago to once-unthinkable governmentwide spending cuts in 2013 unless the two parties agreed to alternative ways to reduce budget deficits. Now that those cuts are imminent -- because c
ompromise is not -- they have created one of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's odder blame games over just whose bad idea this was. The battle lines over cuts that are scheduled to begin on Friday, known in budget parlance as sequestration, were evident on Saturday in President
 Obama's weekly address and the Republican response, by Senator John Hoeven of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}North Dakota{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "Unfortunately, it appears that Republicans in Congress have decided that instead of compromising, instead of asking anything of the wealthiest Americans, they wou
ld rather let these cuts fall squarely on the middle class," said Mr. Obama, who proposed a substitute mix of spending cuts and revenues from repealing some tax breaks for wealthy people and corporations. He added: "Are Republicans in Congress really will
i
ng to let these cuts fall on our kids' schools and mental health care just to protect tax loopholes for corporate jet owners? Are they really willing to slash military health care and the Border Patrol just because they refuse to eliminate tax breaks for 
b
ig oil companies?" For Republicans, who oppose any tax increases, Mr. Hoeven countered: "He blames Congress for the sequester, but Bob Woodward, in his book 'The Price of Politics' sets the record straight. Woodward says it was President Obama who propose
d
 -- and promoted -- the sequester." What makes this debate over blame so odd is that both sides' fingerprints -- and votes -- are all over the sequestration concept. The point of sequestration, in fact, was to define cuts that were so arbitrary and widesp
r
ead that they would be unpalatable to both sides and force a deal. That won Republicans' support for increasing the government's debt limit in 2011, and averted the nation's first default. The Republican-led House and Democratic-led Senate each passed the
 
accord overwhelmingly, and Mr. Obama gladly signed it. The idea for sequestration did come from the White House, as news accounts made clear at the time. Jacob J. Lew, then Mr. Obama's budget director and now his nominee for Treasury secretary, was the ma
i
n proponent. Mr. Lew, who was a senior adviser to the House speaker in the 1980s, lifted language from a 1985 law he helped negotiate, the Gramm-Rudman law. It was conceived by two Republican senators to be "a sword of Damocles," poised to strike both par
t
ies unless they compromised on deficit reduction. The law was ruled unconstitutional, and afterward, the Democratic-controlled Congress and President Ronald Reagan enacted a modified version, which resulted in relatively minor cuts until 1990. That year, 
t
he law's call for much larger cuts in the face of growing deficits helped force Congress and President George Bush to negotiate spending cuts and tax increases widely credited with contributing to balanced budgets later that decade. Fast-forward to the su
m
mer of 2011. Mr. Obama and Congressional Republicans, once again facing deficits, were able to agree to nearly $1 trillion in reductions over a decade in "discretionary" spending programs, which cover just about everything the government does except the e
n
titlement benefit programs like Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security. But they could not agree on the final $1.2 trillion. The president demanded that that amount come from higher taxes on the wealthy and some reductions in entitlement spending. Republi
c
ans insisted on entitlement cuts only. So both parties started negotiating for a trigger, as they called it -- an undesirable, automatic action that would slash deficits if Democrats and Republicans could not. Mr. Obama and Democrats wanted a trigger mand
a
ting automatic spending cuts and tax increases; Republicans insisted on spending cuts only. Democrats conceded, and that is when Mr. Lew -- along with Gene Sperling, director of Mr. Obama's National Economic Council -- proposed the Gramm-Rudman sequestrat
i
on. Given that law's Republican parentage, the Obama advisers figured this kind of trigger would appeal to Republicans, and it did. Speaker John A. Boehner and three-quarters of House Republicans voted for the agreement. To use Mr. Hoeven's word, both par
t
ies "promoted" their compromise, including sequestration. Mr. Boehner said he had gotten "98 percent" of what he wanted. Their bipartisan thinking was this: Republicans would so badly want to avoid cutting military spending that they would accept some tax
 
increases. And Democrats would be so eager to avoid cuts in domestic programs, they would drop their opposition to reductions in Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security. It has not worked out that way. The blame game actually started last year. Republicans
,
 including their presidential nominee, Mitt Romney, blamed Mr. Obama for the looming military cuts. The president typically described sequestration as easily avoidable with compromise, but in a debate with Mr. Romney he seemed to disown the idea altogethe
r
. "The sequester is not something that I've proposed," he said. "It is something that Congress has proposed. It will not happen." At that time, Republicans and Democrats generally assumed that sequestration would not happen because they would reach a comp
r
omise. But that was before Republicans angered their conservative base in January, by acquiescing to a tax law that raised rates on high incomes. Now they refuse to consider further revenue increases, and many want the sequestration cuts to take effect. A
s
 this weekend arrived, Republicans were circulating a column by Mr. Woodward published online by The Washington Post on Friday, in which he wrote that Mr. Obama was "moving the goal posts" from what he had agreed to in the summer of 2011 by insisting that
 
a sequestration substitute have tax increases as well as entitlement-spending reductions. "Moving goal posts?" the White House press secretary, Jay Carney, wrote in a Twitter message in response, adding that 40 House Republicans in November 2011 signed a 
l
etter supporting new revenues as part of a deal. Mr. Carney suggested in a later Twitter message that Mr. Woodward was "willfully wrong." Mr. Obama vowed from the day he announced the agreement 19 months ago that he would insist on "a balanced approach" t
h
at cut entitlement spending and raised revenues by overhauling tax breaks. "Everything will be on the table," he said. The 2011 agreement left unspecified how to achieve the additional $1.2 trillion in deficit reduction over 10 years. That fall a so-calle
d supercommittee considered revenue increases totaling $300 billion in a Republican plan, $800 billion in Democrats' offer. With the super-committee's failure, Mr. Obama and Congress had a year to seek the elusive "grand bargain." 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 24, 2013
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 63. Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare To Detail Reductions}}}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Hard Budget Realities As Agencies Prepare To Detail Reductions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Lowrey, Annie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 24 Feb 2013: A.18.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
[...]the cuts will not affect Social Security or Medicaid, and the Medicare cuts total only about $11 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30, according to calculations by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. [...]entitlement spending, which poses the biggest long-term challenge to the federal budget, accounts for only a sliver of the cuts. 
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\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- In the first week of March, a laid-off person living on $300 a week
 in unemployment benefits is liable to find a surprise in the mailbox: notification from Uncle Sam that come April the check will be $33 lighter. "Sequestration," that arcane budget term consuming {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in recent weeks, is about to move from political
 abstraction to objective reality for tens of millions of Americans. Barring an extremely unlikely last-minute deal, about $85 billion is set to be cut from military, domestic and certain health care programs beginning Friday. Much of the government will 
b
e immune, only magnifying the cuts for the rest. If they are not reversed, federal spending at the discretion of Congress will eventually fall to a new five-decade low. Cuts of even larger size are scheduled to take effect every year over the next 10, sig
n
aling an era of government austerity. By the end of this week, federal agencies will notify governors, private contractors, grant recipients and other stakeholders of the dollars they would be about to lose. As of March 1, the Treasury Department will imm
e
diately trim subsidies for clean energy projects, school construction, state and local infrastructure projects and some small-business health insurance subsidies. Nearly two million people who have been out of work for more than six months could see unemp
l
oyment payments drop by 11 percent in checks that arrive in late March or the first days of April, according to the White House budget office, an average of $132 a month. Doctors who treat Medicare patients will see cuts to their reimbursements. If the st
alemate in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}
 continues, furloughs and layoffs will probably begin in April, starting largely in the 800,000-member civilian work force of the Defense Department and then rippling across the country, from meat inspectors in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Iowa
{\*\xmlclose} to teachers in rural {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New Mexico{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "If they hit me with a $3 million cut in March, I'm not sure what I'm going to do," said Raymond R. Arsenault, the superintendent of the Gallup-McKinley County Schools, a district that serves primarily Navajo students on the Arizona-New Mexico
 border. Mr. Arsenault's school system would be hit much harder than most because 35 percent of his $100 million annual budget comes from federal education "impact aid" to offset the large tracts of land that are owned by Washington and therefore not subj
e
ct to taxation. Of that, $3 million may be about to disappear. The sequester involves trimming $85 billion from a $3.6 trillion annual federal budget, or about 2.4 percent. But the cuts will not affect Social Security or Medicaid, and the Medicare cuts to
tal only about $11 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, which ends Sept. 30, according to calculations by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}
Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Thus, entitlement spending, which poses the biggest long-term challenge to the federal budget, accounts for only a sliver of 
the cuts. That leaves more than $70 billion in cuts to be applied over the next seven months to the roughly two-fifths of the budget that is devoted to discretionary spending, including the military, education and dozens of other categories. In a matter o
f weeks the cuts would cascade through the government, delaying snow removal on the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Tioga{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Pass{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}
Yosemite{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}National Park{\*\xmlclose}, for example, and keeping an aircraft carrier battle group docked in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Norfolk{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}Va.{\*\xmlclose}, rather than steaming through the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Persian Gulf{\*\xmlclose}. "The c
ut is so big and over such a short period of time that there's no way to avoid all the operational and program harms," said Daniel I. Werfel, controller of the White House budget office. These cuts would probably not be confined to 2013. Even if President
 
Obama manages to persuade Congress to raise new revenue, he has said he would replace only half of the spending cuts with tax increases, in essence accepting a half-trillion dollars in cuts over 10 years. That would be on top of more than $1 trillion in c
u
ts already enacted by the Budget Control Act, which created the sequester in 2011 as part of a deal to raise the country's statutory borrowing limit. A comprehensive deficit-reduction deal, which is currently moribund but is still both Congress and the Wh
i
te House's stated goal, might mitigate the impact by including fast-growing programs like Medicare and Medicaid in the cuts. But belt-tightening, for now, appears to be the new normal. In private, Capitol Hill staff members and members of Congress have ad
m
itted that there are no viable plans on the horizon to delay or offset the cuts. At best, Congress might be able to pass a bill giving agencies more discretion in carrying out the budget cuts. But that is opposed by the White House because officials fear 
t
hat such a change would give lawmakers a false sense that they had done much to ease the pain of the cuts, when in fact, budget officials say, little would have changed. That means that as of Friday, dozens of federal agencies must start bringing their bu
d
gets down to reduced levels by the end of the fiscal year. Given how much they have to cut, White House budget officials said, they will have no choice but to start the reductions immediately. The worst hit by far would be the Defense Department, which is
 already absorbing a $500 billion budget cut over 10 years agreed to in 2011 and is operating under a temporary spending agreement even as it draws down the war in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Military personnel are exempted from furloughs, but civilian personnel are not, 
so the Pentagon is preparing to put hundreds of thousands of civilian workers on notice that they might lose 22 days of work this year. "We have long argued that the responsible way to implement reductions in defense spending is to formulate a strategy fi
r
st and then develop a budget that supports the strategy," Ashton B. Carter, the deputy secretary of defense, told Congress this month. Sequestration "would achieve precisely the opposite effect by imposing arbitrary budget cuts that then drive changes in 
n
ational security strategy." Throughout the government, the cuts would hit certain programs particularly hard without touching others. The National Institutes of Health, for instance, would need to cut about 5 percent of its annual budget in just seven mon
t
hs, meaning hundreds fewer research grants, said Kathleen Sebelius, the health secretary. Money for food safety inspection and air traffic controllers would also be cut. Roughly 600,000 low-income women and children would stop receiving food aid. The Inte
r
ior Department would issue 300 fewer leases for oil and gas production in Western states. NASA plans to cancel six technology development projects, including deep-space communications. National parks would close or curtail operations in their visitor cent
e
rs, affecting hundreds of thousands of travelers. The transportation secretary, Ray LaHood, said on Friday that flights to major cities could be delayed by as much as 90 minutes because fewer air traffic controllers would be on the job. Most Education Dep
a
rtment programs are already fully financed for the current school year, so the big cuts would not occur until next September. But "impact aid," which goes to school districts with untaxed federal lands, is paid during the school year and will be affected 
i
mmediately. Budget experts said the dollar amount of the cuts might not be devastating to government operations or to the economy, particularly if agencies had discretion in how they carried them out. "Can we survive this? Of course we can. It's a $16 tri
l
lion economy," said Douglas Holtz-Eakin, a former director of the Congressional Budget Office. "Cutting wisely, not stupidly, is a good idea. We've got what everybody thinks is a stupid way to cut." In some cases, small cuts can take big tolls. Because me
a
t and poultry plants cannot operate without federal inspectors on site at all times, one furloughed inspector would shut down an entire plant. Alarmed, J. Patrick Boyle, the president of the American Meat Institute, sent a letter on Feb. 11 to Mr. Obama a
s
serting that keeping inspectors home would violate federal law. "I respectfully request that, in the event of sequestration, U.S.D.A. meat and poultry inspectors not be furloughed so that the secretary of agriculture can fulfill his statutory obligations,
"
 he wrote. But the request, Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack replied, would run counter to the legal requirement he faces under sequestration. Chart Where the Cuts Will Come From: Beginning March 1, Automatic Spending Cuts Known As "Sequestration" Are Se
t to Hit, Trimming $85 Billion From the 2013 Fiscal Year Budget and Even More From Each Annual Budget for the Next Decade. Some Areas Will Be Hit Harder Than Others, As Many Programs Are Exempt From the Cuts. (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place
}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Policy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Calculations) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Defense contracts; Federal budget; Medicare; Government spending; Cost reduction; Government agencies
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.18
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 24, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Section: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 White House Uses Air Delays As Budget Prod}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Shear, Michael D
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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Mr. LaHood, a former Republican congressman who was drafted as a spokesman partly because of his experience in dealing with Republicans on Capitol Hill, announced at the White House that $600 million in cuts to the Federal Aviation Administration would sh
ut down more than 100 air traffic control towers at small airports in places like Joplin, Mo., and Boca Raton, Fla. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- The White House on Friday warned of potentially severe disruptions in air travel if across-the-board spending cuts take effect in less than a week as President Obama intensified pr
essure on Congressional Republicans to entertain spending reductions and tax increases to avoid furloughing federal workers and limiting services. The focus on what Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said was the high likelihood of cascading flight delay
s
 and closed towers at smaller airports showed that the Obama administration believed that the threat of widespread travel problems could sway the public and encourage voters to force Republicans to the bargaining table. At the same time, though, Mr. Obama
 
privately told Democratic governors that his public campaign against Republicans was not producing results, as the two sides remained far apart. In a session at the White House complex, the president and Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. tried to enlist 
t
he Democratic governors to reach out to their Republican counterparts at a National Governors Association meeting this weekend to push Congressional leaders to the table. The Democratic governors said Mr. Obama expressed extreme frustration and short-term
 pessimism that Republicans would accept any plan with new federal revenue. "What he was saying is, 'There's nothing that I can do to get these folks to come to the table with a balanced approach,' " said Gov. Peter Shumlin of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Vermont{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, the chairman of the D
emocratic Governors Association. "If we're willing to give millionaires and billionaires more breaks, and take from Americans who are struggling in the middle class, they're willing to talk. I don't think any of us are optimistic." Mr. LaHood, a former Re
p
ublican congressman who was drafted as a spokesman partly because of his experience in dealing with Republicans on Capitol Hill, announced at the White House that $600 million in cuts to the Federal Aviation Administration would shut down more than 100 ai
r
 traffic control towers at small airports in places like Joplin, Mo., and Boca Raton, Fla. He predicted travel delays at major airports in peak periods of up to 90 minutes because of the reduction in flight controllers, and said that as airlines adjusted 
t
o federal furloughs, flights were likely to be canceled and schedules changed. "These are harmful cuts with real-world consequences that will cost jobs and hurt our economy," Mr. LaHood said. The president's pessimism appeared to be an acknowledgment that
 
the White House had made significant miscalculations in the spending fight. After the election, the administration anticipated that the president's victory and his better standing with the public would push Republicans into some compromise. In addition, i
n
 striking the 2011 deal to raise the nation's statutory borrowing limit, Democrats believed that Republican reluctance to allow deep cuts to the Pentagon would lead them to back off the automatic cuts, known as the sequester. But on Friday, Republicans re
m
ained adamant that they would accept no tax increases to head off the cuts. Republicans say they are willing to instead get some savings from programs not covered by Congress's annual spending bills, like food stamps, Medicaid and children's health insura
n
ce. The House twice passed bills to do that last year. But Republicans say they already swallowed $600 billion in tax increases in the New Year's Eve deal that ended the last budget impasse. "The president got $600 billion in higher taxes just last month,
 
with no spending cuts," said Brendan Buck, a spokesman for Speaker John A. Boehner. "His appetite for tax hikes evidently knows no end. If the president really believes in 'balance,' it's time to finally deal with our spending problem." Barring a last-min
u
te deal that is more unlikely by the day, $85 billion in spending cuts will go into force next Friday, slicing many domestic programs by 9 percent and carving 13 percent from unprotected military programs over the rest of the fiscal year. Some at the gove
rnors' meeting with the president said he believed that there was still an opportunity for a deal in the months ahead, but not in the next week. "I think he's long-term optimistic," said Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. "Short-term, he believes Republicans
 seem hellbent on slowing job recovery through sequestration, which in some perverse way they see as a win." Publicly, the president maintained a faint hope that a deal could still be reached before Friday. "Hope springs eternal," he told reporters during
 a meeting with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Japan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. "And I will just keep on making my case not only to Congress, but more importantly the American people to take a smart approach to deficit reduction and do it in a way that doesn't endanger our economy and endanger jobs." Governors in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from both parties were careful not to follow some members of Congress in embracing the pending cuts. Gov. Mary Fallin of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Oklahoma{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, who served two terms as a Republican member of the House, urged the president and Co
ngressional leaders to come together. She said that there was equal blame to go around. "This is really, really serious for our nation," Ms. Fallin said in an interview with reporters. "It's serious for our economy. It's affecting people's lives. It's tim
e for Congress and the administration to sit down and work together to find a common path, but I'm worried that they may not." So far, Congress's return to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} next week holds little prospect for a resolution. The Senate will vote next week -- probab
ly on Wednesday -- on competing Democratic and Republican sequester plans, and neither is expected to get the 60 votes necessary to pass under the rules that will be adopted. The Senate Democratic legislation would cancel the cuts for the 2013 fiscal year
 
with a $110 billion plan that would establish a 30 percent minimum tax rate for income over $1 million, tax tar sands oil, cut farm subsidies and slice $27.5 billion from military spending after most troops have been withdrawn from Afghanistan. Senate Rep
u
blicans have not yet decided which alternative they will offer. One would pay off this year's cuts by imposing a 10-year hiring freeze on federal workers. Republicans may also offer legislation to give federal agencies more flexibility to impose the cuts 
a
nd choose which programs to hit and which to spare. White House officials say they oppose that bill, fearing it would give lawmakers a false sense that they had taken the sting out of the cuts. But opposing such a measure would be difficult for Democrats.
 Credit: JONATHAN WEISMAN and MICHAEL D. SHEAR; Jackie Calmes, Matthew L. Wald and Jeff Zeleny contributed reporting. Photograph John Hickenlooper of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Colorado{\*\xmlclose}
, Center, and Other Democratic Governors Under an Overcast Sky in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} On Friday. (Photograph
 by Pablo Martinez Monsivais/Associated Press); Transportation Secretary Ray Lahood Cited a High Likelihood of Cascading Flight Delays and Closed Towers at Smaller Airports. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) (A11) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax increases; Air travel; Political behavior; Federal employees; Government spending

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, LaHood, Ray
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Democratic Governors Association; NAICS: 813940; Name: National Governors Association; NAICS: 813940; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 23, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 23, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-04
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 65. Fear of U.S. Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Fear of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
U.S.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Cuts Grows in States Where Aid Flows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cooper, Michael
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
States will see a reduction of $5.8 billion this year in the federal grant programs subject to the autom
atic cuts, according to an analysis by Federal Funds Information for States, a group created by the National Governors Association and the National Conference of State Legislatures that tracks the impact of federal actions on states.\\n 
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ork%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-23&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Cooper,%20Michael&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 States are increasingly alarmed that they could become collateral damage in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's latest fiscal battle, fearing that the impasse could saddle them with across-the-board spending cuts that threaten to slow their fragile recoveries or thrust them back into recession. Some states, like Maryland and Virginia, are vulnerable because thei
r economies are heavily dependent on federal workers, federal contracts and military spending, which will face steep reductions if Congress allows the automatic cuts, known as sequestration, to begin next Friday. Others, including 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Illinois{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, are at risk because of their reliance on the types of federal grants that are scheduled to be cut. And many states simply fear that a heavy dose of federal austerity could weaken their economies, costing them jobs and much-needed tax revenue. So as stat
e
 officials begin to draw up their budgets for next year, some say that the biggest risk they see is not the weak housing market or the troubled European economy but the federal government. While the threat of big federal cuts to states has become somethin
g of a semiannual occurrence in recent years, state officials said in interviews that they fear that this time the federal government might not be crying wolf -- and their hopes are dimming that a deal will be struck in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in time to avert the cuts. The impact would be widespread as the cuts ripple across the nation over the next year. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} expects to see its education aid slashed hundreds of millions of dollars, which could force local school districts to fire teachers, if the cuts are not averted. 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 officials say they are in no position to replace the lost federal dollars with state dollars, but worry about cuts to federal programs like the one that helps people heat their homes. Maryland is bracing not only for a blow to its economy, which 
depends on federal workers and contractors and the many private businesses that support them, but also for cuts in federal aid for schools, Head Start programs, a nutrition program for pregnant women, mothers and children, and job training programs, among
 others. Gov. Bob McDonnell of Virginia, a Republican, warned in a letter to President Obama on Monday that the automatic spending cuts would have a "potentially devastating impact" and could force {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} and other states into a recession, noting that the
 planned cuts to military spending would be especially damaging to areas like Hampton Roads that have a big Navy presence. And he noted that the whole idea of the proposed cuts was that they were supposed to be so unpalatable that they would force officia
ls in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 to come up with a compromise. "As we all know, the defense, and other, cuts in the sequester were designed to be a hammer, not a real policy," Mr. McDonnell wrote. "Unfortunately, inaction by you and Congress now leaves states and localitie
s to adjust to the looming threat of this haphazard idea." The looming cuts come just as many states feel they are turning the corner after the prolonged slump caused by the recession. Gov. Martin O'Malley of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a Democrat, said he was moving to inc
rease the state's cash reserves and rainy day funds as a hedge against federal cuts. "I'd rather be spending those dollars on things that improve our business climate, that accelerate our recovery, that get more people back to work, or on needed infrastru
c
ture -- transportation, roads, bridges and the like," he said, adding that Maryland has eliminated 5,600 positions in recent years and that its government was smaller, on a per capita basis, than it had been in four decades. "But I can't do that. I can't 
responsibly do that as long as I have this hara-kiri Congress threatening to drive a long knife through our recovery." Federal spending on salaries, wages and procurement makes up close to 20 percent of the economies of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}, according to an analysis by the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 on the States. But states are in a delicate position. While they fear the impact of the automatic cuts, they also fear that any deal to avert them might be even worse for their bottom lines. That is because many of the planned 
cuts would go to military spending and not just domestic programs, and some of the most important federal programs for states, including Medicaid and federal highway funds, would be exempt from the cuts. States will see a reduction of $5.8 billion this ye
a
r in the federal grant programs subject to the automatic cuts, according to an analysis by Federal Funds Information for States, a group created by the National Governors Association and the National Conference of State Legislatures that tracks the impact
 of federal actions on states. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}California{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}
 stand to lose the most money from the automatic cuts, and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Puerto Rico{\*\xmlclose}, which is already facing serious fiscal distress, is threatened with the loss of more than $126 million in federal grant mone
y, the analysis found. Even with the automatic cuts, the analysis found, states are still expected to get more federal aid over all this year than they did last year, because of growth in some of the biggest programs that are exempt from the cuts, includi
n
g Medicaid. But the cuts still pose a real risk to states, officials said. State budget officials from around the country held a conference call last week to discuss the threatened cuts. "In almost every case the folks at the state level, the budget offic
e
s, are pretty much telling the agencies and departments that they're not going to backfill -- they're not going to make up for the budget cuts," said Scott D. Pattison, the executive director of the National Association of State Budget Officers, which arr
anged the call. "They don't have enough state funds to make up for federal cuts." The cuts would not hit all states equally, the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on the States found. While the federal grants subject to the cuts make up more than 10 percent of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}'s reve
nue, it found, they make up less than 5 percent of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Delaware{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's revenue. Many state officials find themselves frustrated year after year by the uncertainty of what they can expect from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, which provides states with roughly a third of their revenues.
 There were threats of cuts when Congress balked at raising the debt limit in 2011, when a so-called super-committee tried and failed to reach a budget deal, and late last year when the nation faced the "fiscal cliff." John E. Nixon, the director of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's budget office, said that all the uncertainty made the state's planning more difficult. "If it's going to happen," he said, "at some point we need to rip off the Band-Aid." Credit: MICHAEL COOPER; Fernanda {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Santos{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} contributed reporting. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Recess
ions; Economic conditions; Federal employees; Defense spending; Fiscal policy; Government spending; State budgets
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Virginia{\*\xmlclose}, 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Illinois{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}South Dakota{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, McDonnell, Bob
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place
}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Center{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on the States; NAICS: 541720
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.1
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 23, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Section: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
}New York{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}N.Y.{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Country of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 General Interest Periodicals--{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Blow, Charles M
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 23 Feb 2013: A.17.
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Mr. Rove advised House Republicans to "pass a continuing resolution next week to fund the government for the balance of
 the fiscal year at the lower level dictated by the sequester -- with language granting the executive branch the flexibility to move funds from less vital activities to more important ones." 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
It's crunch time. The sequester's automatic, across-the-board spending cuts are set to go into effect on Friday, and there is no plan as yet to stop it. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, this is 
your feeble government at its most ineffective and self-destructive. The White House favors a balanced plan that would include spending cuts and some tax increases for the wealthy. Republicans reject any solution that includes tax increases. These are two
 
fundamentally different perspectives, only one of which is supported by a majority of Americans. A Pew Research Center/USA Today survey released Thursday found that only 19 percent of Americans believe that the focus of deficit reduction should be only on
 spending cuts. Seventy-six percent want a combination of spending cuts and tax increases, with more emphasis on the former than the latter. But the impasse could have dire consequences. A study last year by Stephen S. Fuller, a professor at 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}George{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Mason{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}University{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, estimates that the sequester could cost 2.14 million jobs and add 1.5 percentage points to the unemployment rate. Fuller's analysis was cited in a Congressional Research Service report prepared for members of Congress. What's more, the sequester 
would reduce military spending by $42.7 billion; nonmilitary discretionary spending would drop $28.7 billion, in addition to a mandatory $9.9 billion reduction in Medicare, according to the Congressional Budget Office. In anticipation of the very real pos
s
ibility that the sequester could come to pass, some Republicans are leaning on the shoulder of an old friend: denial. This week on CNN, Senator Rand Paul pronounced the $85 billion in mandated cuts a "pittance" and a "yawn" that is "just really nibbling a
t
 the edges." He also called President Obama's warnings about the sequester's impact "histrionics," "ridiculousness" and "emotionalism." What a perfect segue to Rush Limbaugh, who took to the air this week to denounce predictions about the sequester's effe
c
ts as a "manufactured" crisis, saying that "for the first time in my life, I am ashamed of my country." Limbaugh continued: "In truth, we're gonna spend more this year than we spent last year. We're just not gonna spend as much as was projected. It's all 
b
aseline budgeting. There is no real cut below a baseline of zero. There just isn't. Yet here they come, sucking us in, roping us in. Panic here, fear there: Crisis, destruction, no meat inspection, no cops, no teachers, no firefighters, no air traffic con
t
rol. I'm sorry, my days of getting roped into all this are over." Those not denying the crisis are hoping to exploit it. Karl Rove, writing in The Wall Street Journal on Thursday, called the president "a once-in-a-generation demagogue with a compliant pre
s
s corps" who will subject the American people in the short term to a "slew of presidential photo-ops with those whom he claims will lose jobs." Mr. Rove advised House Republicans to "pass a continuing resolution next week to fund the government for the ba
l
ance of the fiscal year at the lower level dictated by the sequester -- with language granting the executive branch the flexibility to move funds from less vital activities to more important ones." Rove supports the steep cuts but wants to allow the presi
d
ent "flexibility" in applying them. That Rove is as slick as an eel. In other words, he wants to force the president to rob Peter to pay Paul and take the flak for making all the tough choices. Another Pew Research Poll released this week found that altho
u
gh many Americans favor cutting government spending in the abstract, most don't agree with cuts to specific programs. "For 18 of 19 programs tested, majorities want either to increase spending or maintain it at current levels," Pew found. "The only except
i
on is assistance for needy people around the world." Ah, foreign aid, the tired old whipping horse that would do virtually nothing to reduce the deficit, as it accounts for a paltry 1 percent of the federal budget. Rove's plan to shift to the president th
e
 burden of choosing where to bring down the ax is Rove's way of getting Republicans "to win public opinion to their side." That is a roundabout way of acknowledging that right now they're losing. A Bloomberg poll released this week found the president's j
o
b-approval rating at its highest level and the Republican Party's favorable rating at its lowest since September 2009. Furthermore, the Pew/USA Today survey found that if a deal isn't reached in time, about half the public will blame Congressional Republi
c
ans while fewer than a third will blame the president. And if the sequester happens, we'll all lose. It will be a disaster for the job market and the economy. But no one can accuse these politicians and pundits of caring about such things as long as their
 own jobs are secure. Chart Cut What? Would You Increase Spending, Keep It the Same or Decrease It For... (Source: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Pew{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budget deficits; Tax increases; Government spending; Polls & surveys
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack, Limbaugh, Rush, Rove, Karl, Paul, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}
Rand{\*\xmlclose}
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Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: USA Today; NAICS: 511110; Name: Congressional Budget Office--CBO; NAICS: 921120; Name: Congressional Research Service; NAICS: 921120; Name: {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.17
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 23, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Op-Ed Columnist
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Zeleny, Jeff; Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.12.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 [...]the sense of urge
ncy from earlier budget fights, which included all-night meetings and dueling news conferences at the White House and on Capitol Hill, have given way to more of a business-as-usual feeling in the West Wing. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- President Obama is just seven days away from the first significant t
est of his second term as deep spending cuts loom, yet inside the White House a clear sense of confidence stands in contrast to the air of crisis that surrounded previous fiscal showdowns with Republicans. The confrontation holds peril for both the presid
e
nt and Republicans. But for now, Mr. Obama believes he is acting from a greater position of strength, advisers say, pointing to several recent polls that show he holds an upper hand in the budget debate. Yet his standing would be at risk if the so-called 
s
equester caused economic growth to collapse. With little sign of movement as the March 1 deadline approaches, the president placed calls on Thursday to Speaker John A. Boehner and Senator Mitch McConnell, the Republican leader, in an outreach that Republi
c
ans interpreted as aimed as much at fending off criticism for not reaching out sooner to Congressional leaders as trying to open a new dialogue. The calls came as the White House pursued a balancing act: use the power of the presidency to demonstrate the 
c
onsequences of the $85 billion in across-the-board spending reductions while not allowing the fight to consume the administration and derail its second-term priorities. As a result, the sense of urgency from earlier budget fights, which included all-night
 
meetings and dueling news conferences at the White House and on Capitol Hill, have given way to more of a business-as-usual feeling in the West Wing. The budget debate is taking place alongside immigration and gun control discussions, rather than overtaki
n
g them. It is a lesson, the president told his aides this week, drawn from the experience of back-to-back fights in 2011 over shutting down the government and raising the nation's borrowing power. He has repeatedly personalized the argument and taken it o
utside {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}, including a trip on Tuesday to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Newport News{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Va.
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, where the strong military presence will be affected if deep budget cuts are enacted. The standoff with Republicans may not be a new one, but it is fundamentally different from the previous
 clashes that have ended with Obama victories. Several of Mr. Obama's advisers who helped guide the administration through the previous fights are no longer at the White House. The second-term team, led by the new chief of staff, Denis R. McDonough, is co
n
fronting its biggest challenge yet. While Mr. McDonough was in the West Wing for past budget battles, his portfolio was national security. Other advisers dealing with the sequester are also new, including Miguel Rodriguez, the top liaison to Congress, who
 
was meeting aides to Congressional Republicans for the first time on Thursday. The positions of both sides seem to have hardened in recent weeks, rather than moved toward a compromise. A new poll released Thursday suggests that after the last few years of
 
repeated financial crises and wrangling between Congressional Republicans and the president, Americans may be increasingly inured to threats of economic doomsday. The poll, by Pew Research Center/USA Today, found that 49 percent say the automatic cuts sho
u
ld be delayed if no deal is struck by the deadline, but a full 40 percent say it would be preferable to let the cuts go into effect. Even one-third of Democrats back letting the cuts take effect; Republicans and independents are evenly split on the issue.
 
The public is not paying much attention to the issue, as a plurality of Americans say they have heard "a little" about the sequester, the poll found, and about 3 in 10 say they have heard nothing at all. But the public continues to support a mix of tax in
c
reases and spending cuts to reduce the deficit, with 7 in 10, including wide majorities across party lines, agreeing it is essential for the president to enact major deficit legislation this year. The nationwide telephone survey was conducted on landlines
 
and cellphones Feb. 13-18 with 1,504 adults. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus three percentage points. In 2011, the president and Democrats were able to rally overwhelming public support for an extension of an expiring cut to the payroll tax 
-
- and against the Republican position that such an extension had to be paid for by spending cuts. But in that case, doing nothing was intolerable to most Republicans because it meant raising taxes. That was even truer in December in the showdown over the 
"
fiscal cliff," when every tax cut signed by President George W. Bush was set to expire. Republicans wanted to stop taxes from rising on anyone, but by refusing to let taxes rise on the wealthy, they would effectively allow taxes to rise on everyone. Again
,
 inaction was unacceptable. This time, Mr. Obama needs Republicans to affirmatively take action to raise taxes when inaction, to many members of Congress, is entirely preferable. By allowing the across-the-board cuts to go into force, Republicans would be
 
showing their voters they had done something tangible -- and painful -- to scale back the government, the primary reason that many Republicans ran for office. Federal spending subject to Congress's annual discretion will drop to levels not seen since the 
1
950s, as measured against the size of the economy. Yet if Mr. Boehner met Mr. Obama's demands, he would be breaking promises he made to ardent conservatives in the House Republican Conference. "At this point, we continue to reach out to the Republicans an
d
 say this is not going to be good for the economy, and it's not going to be good for ordinary people," Mr. Obama said Thursday in one of three radio interviews he gave from the Oval Office. "But I don't know if they're going to move, and that's what we're
 
going to have to try to keep pushing over the next seven, eight days." Credit: JEFF ZELENY and JONATHAN WEISMAN; Megan Thee-Brenan contributed reporting. Photograph Denis R. Mcdonough, an Adviser Who Became President Obama's Chief of Staff Last Month, Was
 in the West Wing for Previous Budget Battles with Republicans, but His Portfolio Then Was National Security. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.12
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 22, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 White House Memo
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 22, 2013
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 68. Spending Cuts Threaten Delays In Air Travel}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Spending Cuts Threaten Delays In Air Travel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Wald, Matthew L
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.12.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 R
eviving a newly coined word from the heart of the recent recession, he said, "Staycation may become the byword of the summer." Because of the potential cutbacks in T.S.A. workers' hours, Janet Napolitano, the Secretary of Homeland Security, testified Feb.
 14 before the Senate Appropriations Committee that wait times at airport security checkpoints could increase by up to an hour. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- Airlines and airports across the country are preparing for across-the-board federal budget cuts due to hit next week as if they were a hurricane, although with even less certainty about how
 many flights they will have to cancel and how many passengers will be stranded. The federal government is warning about delays that could begin in March, as the first cuts take effect, and reduced takeoffs and slower security lines that could worsen in A
p
ril with furloughs. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood has told Congress that most of the Federal Aviation Administration's 47,000 employees would face a day of furlough per two-week pay period, meaning on average about 10 percent fewer workers on any gi
ven day. There are about 14,750 air traffic controllers, including trainees, so that would mean on every shift there would be substantially fewer in all. In some areas, like {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, there could be problems even in advance of furloughs, if overtime budgets
 are cut. To handle such a major staff shortage but still maintain safety, federal aviation officials said they would accept fewer airplanes into the system, the same tactic they use in bad weather. That means that in places where airplanes normally follo
w
 one another with a six- or seven-mile gap, there might be a 10- to 20-mile gap. As a result, passengers may sit on tarmacs and endure delays as they wait for planes to push back from the gate. "It's going to be like perpetual bad weather," said Kevin Mit
c
hell, the chairman of the Business Travel Coalition. "You're going to have to look at this as if you're going out knowing there's a storm." There could also be longer security lines at airports because of anticipated furloughs of Transportation Security A
d
ministration workers. In addition, deplaning from international flights could be slower because Customs and Border Protection agents are expected to work fewer hours. When this would begin in earnest is not clear. Government rules require that employees h
a
ve 30 days' notice of furloughs, but the notices cannot be given until March 1. But the work of contractors and part-time employees could be cut sooner, along with overtime budgets. The budget cuts, known as a sequester, "will require indiscriminate spend
i
ng reductions," Mr. LaHood said in a letter Feb. 11 to Barbara Mikulski, the chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee. But so far the F.A.A. is saying very little specifically about what it would do, although the National Air Traffic Controllers 
A
ssociation is preparing a study correlating levels of furloughs to reductions in the ability to handle traffic. "Everyone is frustrated with the lack of specific information," said Deborah McElroy, executive vice president of the Airports Council Internat
ional -- {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}North America{\*\xmlclose}
. "Airports are looking at their contingency plans, but the difficulty is, I don't know what I'm planning for." Aviation executives were reluctant to be quoted by name for fear of appearing to take sides in the dispute in Congress, but
 many expressed exasperation. An executive of a major airline who is assigned to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 area said that the problems were approaching as the price of gas was once again nearing $4 a gallon, making any form of travel less attractive. Reviving a newly c
oined word from the heart of the recent recession, he said, "Staycation may become the byword of the summer." Because of the potential cutbacks in T.S.A. workers' hours, Janet Napolitano, the Secretary of Homeland Security, testified Feb. 14 before the Se
n
ate Appropriations Committee that wait times at airport security checkpoints could increase by up to an hour. She said waits of four to five hours could be common for international travelers trying to clear customs and immigration. Thomas P. Glynn, chief 
executive officer of the Massachusetts Port Authority, which operates {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Logan{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}International{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Airport
{\*\xmlclose} in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Boston{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said that his agency was talking to airport restaurants and shops about staying open late to serve delayed travelers and setting aside an area on th
e tarmac to park flights diverted from other airports because of air traffic problems. Airport service agents might have to patrol the lines at security checkpoints to pluck out passengers whose flights were leaving soon and move them to the front, he sai
d
. The goal was to "produce a passenger experience that is reasonable to good," he said. Mr. Glynn, who was President Bill Clinton's deputy secretary of labor during the government shutdown of 1994, said the sequester was more difficult. "Implicit in the s
h
utdown was it was temporary," he said. The sequestration "could be permanent, or for this fiscal year," which does not end until Sept. 30. Congress was repeatedly approaching the brink, he said, because of "shutdown fatigue." Airline and aviation official
s
 also said that a cutback in F.A.A. operations would lead to complications beyond air traffic control problems. If the agency closes towers at small airports or reduces their hours, for example, airlines could still get permission to land commuter flights
 
at those places although the airlines would have to show they had trained weather observers on the ground, among other requirements. The problem is that the airlines would probably flood the F.A.A. with requests for such permissions to land, but the peopl
e
 who process them would be subject to furlough, an airline executive said. Applications by airlines to put new airplanes into service or to certify pilots on new planes could also be delayed. A fund that provides grants for airport improvements might not 
b
e affected, according to experts, but the F.A.A. employees who process those applications might be subject to furloughs. The National Air Traffic Controllers Association, the union that represents the controllers and other workers, on Thursday predicted "
a
 negative impact on the efficiency and capacity of the National Airspace System, as well as the nation's fragile economy." If the air traffic system shrinks, it could also set off a conflict within the airline industry. Industry executives said that if th
e
 F.A.A. reduced takeoffs and landings at the nation's airports, the carriers might choose to eliminate routes of smaller planes that have fewer seats and so provide less revenue to an airline. But those planes are often the only service to smaller airport
s in smaller cities. Photograph A Monitor at the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Air{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceName}}Traffic{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname PlaceType}}Tower{\*\xmlclose} in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Los Angeles{\*\xmlclose} Shows Air Traffic in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, One Dot Per Plane. Airline and Airport Officials Fear One Result of a Sharp Cut in Federal Spending Could Be Flight Delays and Cancella
tions. (Photograph by J. Emilio Flores for the New York Times) (A12); Airport Officials Fear a Return of Lines Like These, at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}San Francisco{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's Airport in 2006. (Photograph by Jim Wilson/the New York Times) (A16) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Airline security; Airports; Aviation; Air travel; Federal budget; Government spending

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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.12
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 22, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 69. Answers to Questions On Capital's Top Topic}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Answers to Questions On Capital's Top Topic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Oct. 1 to Sept. 30 -- the cuts would equal roughly 5 percent of nonmilitary programs and 8 percent of de
fense programs. Because they would hit almost halfway through the fiscal year, the White House Office of Management and Budget estimates the true impact for the final seven months to be closer to 9 percent for nondefense programs and 13 percent for defens
e programs. Congressional Republicans say they are willing to shift the cuts to "mandatory" programs not subject to Congress's annual discretion, like food stamps, children's health insurance and Medicaid, and spread them out over 10 years. 
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\fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Unless Congress intervenes, the law requires the Obama administration to impose $85 billion in ac
ross-the-board spending cuts to military and domestic programs on March 1. Those cuts would be the start of $1 trillion in cuts over the next decade. These cuts have come to be known as the sequester, and they are dominating the current political discussi
on in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Here is a primer on what the sequester is and how we got here. Q. What is the origin of the sequester? A. It emerged from the refusal of House Republicans to raise the debt ceiling in 2011 without significant deficit reduction. In response
, the two parties agreed to the Budget Control Act, which cut domestic spending over the next 10 years by about $1 trillion. Democrats refused to agree to more cuts without additional revenue from taxes, and Republicans refused to agree to tax increases. 
I
nstead, Congress set up a committee to find further deficit reduction. To push the committee to reach a deal, negotiators established a fallback mechanism meant to be so onerous it would never happen: $1.2 trillion in across-the-board, automatic cuts to b
o
th military and domestic programs, set to begin this year. Q. Why didn't they take effect on Jan. 1? A. The New Year's Eve deal to head off automatic tax increases delayed the cuts for two months. The deal also reduced the size of the cuts by $24 billion,
 
out of a total of $109 billion this year, with a combination of cuts and tax revenue measures. Q. Why the word "sequester"? A. In past decades, budget laws have periodically allowed the executive branch to make small across-the-board spending cuts to the 
l
evels initially appropriated by Congress. These cuts are known as "sequestration" because the government withdraws the money after Congress has released it. The looming sequestration is much larger than previous ones, though. Over the full fiscal year -- 
O
ct. 1 to Sept. 30 -- the cuts would equal roughly 5 percent of nonmilitary programs and 8 percent of defense programs. Because they would hit almost halfway through the fiscal year, the White House Office of Management and Budget estimates the true impact
 
for the final seven months to be closer to 9 percent for nondefense programs and 13 percent for defense programs. Q. Whose idea was it? A. That is in dispute. Republicans say the White House came up with the idea. Democrats agree, to a point. But Democrat
s
 explain that the president proposed a mix of automatic tax increases and domestic cuts. Republicans rejected that mix and said they would instead accept another idea they had traditionally opposed: military cuts. Regardless, the Budget Control Act, inclu
d
ing the cuts, passed on a bipartisan vote that included almost all Republican leaders, and President Obama signed it. Q. Can the federal departments and agencies choose which programs to cut, sparing those that officials consider vital? A. No. Under the r
u
les, the percentage cuts must apply to specific programs, projects and activities. Everything is subject to the same percentage cut. That spreads the pain, but it also prevents agency managers from focusing the cuts on programs that may be ineffective or 
i
nefficient -- and protecting those that may affect public health and safety. Q. When will people begin to notice the cuts? A. Around March 1, federal offices must tell contractors, grant recipients, governors and others how much money they stand to lose. 
B
y the end of the month, people will begin to notice changes. The first checks that go out after that deadline to the unemployed -- likely around March 7 -- will have a substantial reduction, 9.4 percent. The first checks to doctors and others who care for
 
Medicare patients will also be nicked. The secretary of defense notified Congress on Wednesday that employee furloughs were necessary. By April 6, 45 days from that notice, layoffs and furloughs will begin in the Defense Department's enormous civilian wor
k
 force. Other furloughs, affecting air traffic controllers, meat inspectors and others, will begin in April and are likely to accelerate as the departments struggle to meet savings targets by Sept. 30. Q. In the coming weeks and months, could Congress and
 
the White House cancel or replace the cuts? A. Yes, but right now the parties are far apart on an alternative. Mr. Obama wants a 50-50 mix of spending cuts and tax increases to replace the sequester. Congressional Republicans say they are willing to shift
 
the cuts to "mandatory" programs not subject to Congress's annual discretion, like food stamps, children's health insurance and Medicaid, and spread them out over 10 years. Republicans say they will not raise taxes. Democrats hope to force Republicans to 
t
he negotiating table with a pressure campaign aimed at the public, but even they concede that is not likely to work until the pain of the cuts becomes apparent this spring. Q. What might such a deal look like? A. Mr. Obama wants the mini-deal that pushed 
t
he sequester from January to March to be the precedent: Half revenues, one-quarter military cuts, one-quarter domestic cuts. He also wants it to be large enough to put off the sequester until Sept. 30. That delay could give the White House and Congress ti
m
e to negotiate a larger budget deal that included both cuts to Social Security and Medicare and tax increases. Republicans say they will not accept any additional tax revenue. Any deal is likely to fall somewhere between the two parties' current positions
.
 Q. The two years have been filled with one budget deadline after another. Is this the end? A. Not necessarily. Any subsequent deal to cancel the sequester would probably include a new deadline. If negotiators fail to meet, the next nine years of sequestr
a
tion cuts would presumably kick in. Beyond the sequester, the budgetary authority to keep the federal government operating runs out on March 27. Unless the two parties can agree on a new deal, portions of the federal government could be required to shut d
own that day. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Tax increases; Federal legislation; Defense contracts; Government spending; Federal budget; Economic policy; Fiscal policy
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.22.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 To reduce the
 deficit in a weak economy, new taxes on high-income Americans are a matter of necessity and fairness; they are also a necessary precondition to what in time will have to be tax increases on the middle class. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Democrats and Republicans remain at odds on how to avoid a round of budget cuts so deep and arbitrary that to allow them now could push the economy back into recession.
 The cuts, known as a sequester, will kick in March 1 unless Republicans agree to President Obama's demand to a legislative package that combines spending reductions and tax increases. As of Thursday, with the deadline a week off, Republicans seemed deter
m
ined to say no to any new tax increases. "Spending is the problem," declared the House speaker, John Boehner. "Spending must be the focus." Reflecting the views of many of her Republican colleagues, Representative Martha Roby said Wednesday that Mr. Obama
 
"already got his tax increase" as part of the January agreement over the "fiscal cliff" and that no further increases were necessary. Both are wrong. To reduce the deficit in a weak economy, new taxes on high-income Americans are a matter of necessity and
 
fairness; they are also a necessary precondition to what in time will have to be tax increases on the middle class. Contrary to Mr. Boehner's "spending problem" claim, much of the deficit in the next 10 years can be chalked up to chronic revenue shortfall
s
 from the Bush-era tax cuts, which were only partly undone in the fiscal-cliff deal earlier this year. (Wars and a recession also contributed.) It stands to reason that a deficit caused partly by inadequate revenue must be corrected in part by new taxes. 
A
nd the only way to raise taxes now without harming the recovery is to impose them on high-income filers, for whom a tax increase is unlikely to cut into spending. As it happens, those taxpayers are the same ones who benefited most from Bush-era tax breaks
 
and who continue to pay low taxes. Even with recent increases, the new top rate of 39.6 percent is historically low; investment income is still taxed at special low rates; and the heirs of multimillion-dollar estates face lower taxes than at almost any ti
m
e in modern memory. On the spending side, Republicans are resisting cuts to defense. That implies brutalizing cuts in nondefense discretionary areas, like education and environment, which are already set to fall to their lowest level as a share of the eco
n
omy since the 1950s. As for entitlements, Republicans mainly want to cut those that mostly go to the middle class and the poor, while ignoring nearly $1.1 trillion in annual deductions, credits and other tax breaks that flow disproportionately to the high
e
st income Americans and that cost more, each year, than Medicare and Medicaid combined. Clearly then, there is both ample room and justification to reduce the deficit by curbing tax breaks at the high end, as Mr. Obama has proposed and Republicans have re
j
ected. Raising taxes at the top is neither punitive nor gratuitous. It is a needed step, both to achieve near-term budget goals and to lay the foundation for a healthy budget in the future. As the economy strengthens and the population ages, more taxes wi
l
l be needed from further down the income scale, both to meet foreseeable commitments, especially health care, as well as unforeseeable developments, from wars to technological challenges. But there will never be a consensus for more taxes from the middle 
class without imposing higher taxes on wealthy Americans, who have enjoyed low taxes for a long time. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax increases; Budgets; Taxes; Recessions; Editorials
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 22, 2013
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 The D.C. Dubstep}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Brooks, David
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 According to Bob Woodward's boo
k, "The Price of Politics," Lew told the Senate majority leader that they had come up with a trigger idea to force a budget deal. (Tax increases on the rich!) He does have a chance to lead the country into a budget showdown with furloughed workers and gen
eral mayhem, for which people will primarily blame Republicans. 
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}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 On July 26, 2011, Jack Lew, then the White House budget dire
ctor, went to Harry Reid's office for a budget strategy session. According to Bob Woodward's book, "The Price of Politics," Lew told the Senate majority leader that they had come up with a trigger idea to force a budget deal. "What's the idea?" Reid asked
.
 "Sequestration," Lew responded. Reid folded himself over with his head between his knees, as if he were going to throw up. Then he came upright and gaped at the ceiling. "A couple of weeks ago," he exclaimed, "my staff said to me there is one more possib
l
e" enforcement method: sequestration. Reid said he had told his staff at the time, "Get the hell out of here. That's insane. The White House surely will come up with a plan that will save the day. And you come to me with sequestration?" Sequestration may 
h
ave seemed insane back then. But politicians in both parties are secretly discovering that they love sequestration now. It allows them to do the dance moves they enjoy the most. Democrats get to do the P.C. Shimmy. Traditional presidents go through a norm
a
l set of motions: They identify a problem. They come up with a proposal to address the problem. They try to convince the country that their proposal is the best approach. Under the Permanent Campaign Shimmy, the president identifies a problem. Then he dec
l
ines to come up with a proposal to address the problem. Then he comes up with a vague-but-politically-convenient concept that doesn't address the problem (let's raise taxes on the rich). Then he goes around the country blasting the opposition for not havi
ng as politically popular a concept. Then he returns to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 and congratulates himself for being the only serious and substantive person in town. Sequestration allows the White House to do this all over again. The president hasn't actually come up wit
h a proposal to avert sequestration, let alone one that is politically plausible. He does have a vague and politically convenient concept. (Tax increases on the rich!) He does have a chance to lead the country into a budget showdown with furloughed worker
s
 and general mayhem, for which people will primarily blame Republicans. And he does have the chance to achieve the same thing he has achieved so frequently over the past two years, political success and legislative mediocrity. Republicans also secretly lo
v
e the sequester. It allows them to do their favorite dance move, the Suicide Stage Dive. It was pioneered by Newt Gingrich in 1995 and has been repeated constantly since. In this dance, the Republicans mount the stage and roar that they are about to coura
g
eously cut spending. In this anthem they carefully emphasize cuts to programs the country sympathizes with, such as special education, while sparing programs that actually created the debt problem, like Medicare. Then, when they have worked themselves up 
i
nto a frenzy of self-admiration, they sprint across the stage and leap into what they imagine is the loving arms of their adoring fans. When they are 4 feet off the ground, they realize the voters have left the building in disgust and they land with a thu
d
 on the floor. Sequestration allows the Republicans to do the Suicide Stage Dive to perfection. Voters disdain the G.O.P. because they think Republicans are mindless antigovernment fanatics who can't distinguish good government programs from bad ones. Seq
u
estration is a fanatically mindless piece of legislation that can't distinguish good government programs from bad ones. Sequestration carefully spares programs like Medicare and Social Security that actually contribute to the debt problem. Sequestration w
i
ll cause maximum political disgust for a trivial amount of budget savings. So, of course, the conservative press is filling up with essays with titles like "Learning to Love Sequestration." Of course, Republican legislators are screwing up their courage t
o
 embrace it. Of course, after the cuts hit and the furor rises, they are going to come crawling back with concessions as they do after every Suicide Stage Dive. These two dance moves, the P.C. Shimmy and the Suicide Stage Dive, when combined, are beautifu
lly guaranteed to cause maximum damage to the country. What's {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's biggest problem right now? It is that business people think that government is so dysfunctional that they are afraid to invest and spur growth. So what are the parties going to do? They
 are going to prove that government is so dysfunctional that you'd be crazy to invest and spur growth. In a normal country, the politicians would try some new moves. For example, if they agreed to further means test Medicare they could save a lot of money
. Democrats would be hitting the rich. Republicans would be reforming entitlements. But no. Both parties love their current moves. It's enough to make Harry Reid put his head between his legs and throw up. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Medicare; Federal budget; Bills; Governme
nt spending; Economic policy; Fiscal policy; Books
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Woodward, Bob, Lew, Jack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.23
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 22, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Op-Ed Columnist
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Section: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Place of publication: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document type: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Commentary
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 22, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-05
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 72. Sequester Of Fools}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 72 of 90
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sequester Of Fools}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Krugman, Paul
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 22 Feb 2013: A.23.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Messrs. Bowles and Simpson had their moment -- the annus horribilis of 2011, when Washington was in thra
ll to deficit scolds insisting that, in the face of record-high long-term unemployment and record-low borrowing costs, we forget about jobs and concentrate exclusively on a "grand bargain" that would supposedly (not actually) settle budget disputes for ev
e
r after. [...]as Janet Yellen, the vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, recently emphasized, one main reason for the sluggish recovery is that government spending has been far weaker in this business cycle than in the past. [...]the proposal from Senat
e
 Democrats at least moves in the right direction, replacing the most destructive spending cuts -- those that fall on the most vulnerable members of our society -- with tax increases on the wealthy, and delaying austerity in a way that would protect the ec
onomy. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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=2013-02-22&volume=&issue=&spage=A.23&au=Krugman,%20Paul&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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0000}}}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
They're baaack! Just about two years ago, Erskine Bowles and Alan Simpson, the co-chairmen of the late unlamented d
ebt commission, warned us to expect a terrible fiscal crisis within, um, two years unless we adopted their plan. The crisis hasn't materialized, but they're nonetheless back with a new version. And, in case you're interested, after last year's election --
 
in which American voters made it clear that they want to preserve the social safety net while raising taxes on the rich -- the famous fomenters of fiscal fear have moved to the right, calling for even less revenue and even more spending cuts. But you aren
'
t interested, are you? Almost nobody is. Messrs. Bowles and Simpson had their moment -- the annus horribilis of 2011, when Washington was in thrall to deficit scolds insisting that, in the face of record-high long-term unemployment and record-low borrowin
g
 costs, we forget about jobs and concentrate exclusively on a "grand bargain" that would supposedly (not actually) settle budget disputes for ever after. That moment has now passed; even Mr. Bowles concedes that the search for a grand bargain is on "life 
s
upport." Let's convene a death panel! But the legacy of that year of living foolishly lives on, in the form of the "sequester," one of the worst policy ideas in our nation's history. Here's how it happened: Republicans engaged in unprecedented hostage-tak
ing, threatening to push {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 into default by refusing to raise the debt ceiling unless President Obama agreed to a grand bargain on their terms. Mr. Obama, alas, didn't stand firm; instead, he tried to buy time. And, somehow, both sides decided that the
 way to buy time was to create a fiscal doomsday machine that would inflict gratuitous damage on the nation through spending cuts unless a grand bargain was reached. Sure enough, there is no bargain, and the doomsday machine will go off at the end of next
 
week. There's a silly debate under way about who bears responsibility for the sequester, which almost everyone now agrees was a really bad idea. The truth is that Republicans and Democrats alike signed on to this idea. But that's water under the bridge. T
he question we should be asking is who has a better plan for dealing with the aftermath of that shared mistake. The right policy would be to forget about the whole thing. {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} doesn't face a deficit crisis, nor will it face such a crisis anytime soon. Me
anwhile, we have a weak economy that is recovering far too slowly from the recession that began in 2007. And, as Janet Yellen, the vice chairwoman of the Federal Reserve, recently emphasized, one main reason for the sluggish recovery is that government sp
e
nding has been far weaker in this business cycle than in the past. We should be spending more, not less, until we're close to full employment; the sequester is exactly what the doctor didn't order. Unfortunately, neither party is proposing that we just ca
l
l the whole thing off. But the proposal from Senate Democrats at least moves in the right direction, replacing the most destructive spending cuts -- those that fall on the most vulnerable members of our society -- with tax increases on the wealthy, and de
l
aying austerity in a way that would protect the economy. House Republicans, on the other hand, want to take everything that's bad about the sequester and make it worse: canceling cuts in the defense budget, which actually does contain a lot of waste and f
raud, and replacing them with severe cuts in aid to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}America{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's neediest. This would hit the nation with a double whammy, reducing growth while increasing injustice. As always, many pundits want to portray the deadlock over the sequester as a situation in whi
ch both sides are at fault, and in which both should give ground. But there's really no symmetry here. A middle-of-the-road solution would presumably involve a mix of spending cuts and tax increases; well, that's what Democrats are proposing, while Republ
i
cans are adamant that it should be cuts only. And given that the proposed Republican cuts would be even worse than those set to happen under the sequester, it's hard to see why Democrats should negotiate at all, as opposed to just letting the sequester ha
p
pen. So here we go. The good news is that compared with our last two self-inflicted crises, the sequester is relatively small potatoes. A failure to raise the debt ceiling would have threatened chaos in world financial markets; failure to reach a deal on 
t
he so-called fiscal cliff would have led to so much sudden austerity that we might well have plunged back into recession. The sequester, by contrast, will probably cost "only" around 700,000 jobs. But the looming mess remains a monument to the power of tr
uly bad ideas -- ideas that the entire {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} establishment was somehow convinced represented deep wisdom. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Economic conditions; Government spending; Economic policy; Federal budget
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Bowles, Erskine, Simpson, Alan
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.23
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 22, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Copyright New York Times Company Feb 22, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-05
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 73. G.O.P. Is Resisting Obama Pressure On Tax Increase}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 G.O.P. Is Resisting Obama Pressure On Tax Increase}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
In recent days, Mr. Obama has sought to force Republicans into negotiations: a Saturday radio address cr
iticizing "the current Republican plan" that "puts the burden of avoiding those cuts mainly on seniors and middle-class families"; a news conference on Tuesday with uniformed first responders whose jobs might be threatened; and on Wednesday, local televis
i
on interviews broadcast in eight media markets, from Hawaii to South Carolina, urging Republicans to accept his "balanced approach" to unwind the cuts or accept responsibility for their consequences. [...]the speaker sought to turn the blame back on the p
r
esident after Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Wednesday fired off a letter, warning that he will have to furlough a large number of Pentagon civilian staff members, "forgo critical objectives" and "do real harm to our national security" because of th
e cuts. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Links: }{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-21&volume=&issue=&spage=A.1&au=Weisman,%20Jonathan&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\ul\cf19\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Find It @ GT}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- House Republicans, shrugging off rising press
ure from President Obama, are resolutely opposing new tax increases to head off $85 billion in across-the-board spending reductions, all but ensuring the cuts will go into force March 1 and probably remain in place for months, if not longer. Despite new c
a
lls from the White House on Wednesday to enact a combination of tax increases and cuts to postpone the so-called sequester, the House is moving forward on a legislative agenda that assumes deep and arbitrary cuts to defense and domestic programs -- once c
o
nsidered unthinkable -- will remain in place through the end of the year. Congressional Republicans have relented in the most recent fiscal showdowns with the White House. But lawmakers say they have no intention of surrendering in this one even though Mr
.
 Obama has raised the potential of widespread disruptions in government services and even military operations in the weeks ahead. The president's January fiscal victory, which yielded increases in income, capital gains and dividend tax rates on affluent f
a
milies, has only bolstered Republican resolve. "The president says he has to have tax increases to head off the sequester. Well, he already got his tax increase," Representative Martha Roby, Republican of Alabama, said in an interview Wednesday after visi
t
ing the town just outside of the Army's Fort Rucker, which stands to take a deep hit this spring. "It's unconscionable to use our military men and women in uniform as a bargaining chip to raise our taxes." House Republicans say they believe they have poli
t
ically inoculated themselves against claims they are responsible for the cuts by approving measures last year that would have substituted reductions in government programs like food stamps for the lower Pentagon spending. Party strategists have advised Re
p
ublican members to aggressively blame the president for the creation of the automatic cuts and the failure to stop them. Taking steps to avoid a full government shutdown at the end of March, the House Appropriations Committee as soon as next week will int
r
oduce legislation to keep the government financed through Sept. 30, the end of the fiscal year, but do nothing to stop the pending cuts. The current stopgap spending measure expires March 27, and Republican leaders are eager to avoid an Easter-week shutte
r
ing of the government. In recent days, Mr. Obama has sought to force Republicans into negotiations: a Saturday radio address criticizing "the current Republican plan" that "puts the burden of avoiding those cuts mainly on seniors and middle-class families
"
; a news conference on Tuesday with uniformed first responders whose jobs might be threatened; and on Wednesday, local television interviews broadcast in eight media markets, from Hawaii to South Carolina, urging Republicans to accept his "balanced approa
c
h" to unwind the cuts or accept responsibility for their consequences. But House Republicans say they are feeling invulnerable in the current clash. Not only can they point to last year's bills to replace the cuts, but redistricting has made most of them 
i
mmune to political threats and entreaties. For many representing conservative districts where the president holds little sway, an attack by Mr. Obama is a badge of honor, senior Republican House aides say. In the last showdowns won by the president, inact
i
on was seen as intolerable. Had Republicans done nothing in 2011, a temporary payroll tax would have lapsed without offsetting tax cuts to ease the blow. On Jan. 1, every tax cut of the Bush administration would have expired at once had the Republicans no
t
 relented and let some taxes rise. This time, Republicans need not do anything and deep spending cuts they have demanded for years will go into force automatically. Speaker John A. Boehner wrote in an opinion piece in The Wall Street Journal on Wednesday:
 
"As the president's outrage about the sequester grows in coming days, Republicans have a simple response: Mr. President, we agree that your sequester is bad policy. What spending are you willing to cut to replace it?" And the speaker sought to turn the bl
a
me back on the president after Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Wednesday fired off a letter, warning that he will have to furlough a large number of Pentagon civilian staff members, "forgo critical objectives" and "do real harm to our national securi
t
y" because of the cuts. "As the commander in chief, President Obama is ultimately responsible for our military readiness, so it's fair to ask: What is he doing to stop his sequester that would 'hollow out' our Armed Forces?" Mr. Boehner said. Hoping to in
c
rease the pressure before Congress returns next week, House Democrats will hold an event on Thursday examining civilian impacts of the cuts featuring a teacher, a defense contractor and a state health official. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Commit
t
ee will begin an offensive on Thursday as well, accusing Republicans of risking 700,000 jobs to protect "special interest tax loopholes" that Democrats say can be closed to mitigate the impact. "No one wins the blame game on how the sequester happened las
t
 year," said Representative Steve Israel, Democrat of New York, the committee's chairman, "but House Republicans are the only ones to blame for rejecting any compromise that will stop it from happening this March." Senior Senate Democratic aides, speaking
 
on condition of anonymity, conceded the weakness of their current hand. In late December, as the White House and Senate Republicans closed in on a deal to head off a far larger wave of automatic tax increases, Senate Democrats had urged the president and 
V
ice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. to hold out for a better deal on the automatic spending cuts. Instead, the White House agreed to punt the showdown for two months, paying down the cuts with a package financed half by new revenues, one-fourth by domestic 
c
uts and one-fourth by military cuts. White House aides argued that the mini-deal would set the precedent for a larger deal before March 1, but that turned out to be not the case. The Senate next week will consider competing Democratic and Republican propo
s
als to stop the automatic cuts. The Democratic plan would institute a 30 percent minimum tax rate on incomes over $1 million, cut farm subsidies, and institute military cuts delayed until most United States troops have returned from Afghanistan. Neither p
l
an is expected to win the 60 votes needed to overcome a filibuster. Instead, attention will shift to the next deadline, March 27, when financing for the government runs out. The House bill would maintain financing at presequester levels, $1.043 trillion, 
w
ith detailed spending instructions for defense programs devised to give the Pentagon more flexibility. But a provision in the spending bill will say that all levels are subject to automatic cuts to be meted out by the White House Budget Office. Senate Dem
o
cratic leaders have yet to decide whether they will go along or force another showdown on the automatic cuts, with a government shutdown in the balance. But, aides warned, they will do that only if public opinion has shifted overwhelmingly to their side. 
So far, they said, the public may say it sides with Democrats, but there is little indication voters feel passionately enough to move Republicans from their trenches. Photograph Representative Martha Roby, Republican of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Alabama{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, Said On Wednesday, "It's Unc
onscionable to Use Our Military Men and Women in Uniform As a Bargaining Chip to Raise Our Taxes." (Photograph by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (A16) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Tax increases; Tax rates; Government spending; Federal budget
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 74. Budget Cuts Seen as Risk To Growth Of Economy}}}\sectd \ltrsect
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Budget Cuts Seen as Risk To Growth Of Economy}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Appelbaum, Binyamin; Lowrey, Annie
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 21 Feb 2013: B.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Sequestration would slash a
gencies' "budget authority" by about $85 billion, but the Congressional Budget Office this month estimated that actual outlays would fall by only about $44 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, with the rest accruing over time. 
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es&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-21&volume=&issue=&spage=B.1&au=Appelbaum,%20Binyamin;Lowrey,%20Annie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 {\*\datafield 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}
WASHINGTON{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} -- The fresh round of federal spending cuts scheduled to begin 
next week would slow economic growth in the next year, though not nearly as much as going over the so-called fiscal cliff might have, economists said. The cuts -- a result of a policy known as sequestration -- most likely would reduce growth by about one-
h
alf of a percentage point in 2013, according to a range of government and private forecasters. That could be enough to again slow the arrival of a recovery, producing instead another year of sluggish growth and high unemployment. Such economic forecasts a
r
e even cloudier than normal because of uncertainty about the cumulative impact of the rounds of federal spending cuts and tax increases in the last few years. Whether the government's repeated flirtation with fiscal turmoil is causing businesses to postpo
n
e or reduce planned investment is also unclear. Some evidence suggests that companies, particularly in the military industry, cut investment last year in anticipation of sequestration, which was originally scheduled to begin Jan. 1. The Commerce Departmen
t
 estimated that the economy shrank slightly in the fourth quarter. Consumer spending remained relatively strong last year, but may have weakened early this year after an increase in payroll taxes, part of a deal to avoid the worst of the fiscal cliff tax 
i
ncreases and to delay its spending cuts. "Where are all the customers? And where's their money?" a Wal-Mart executive wrote in a February e-mail obtained by Bloomberg News, bemoaning a sharp decline in sales. Wal-Mart sales accounted for more than 2 perce
n
t of domestic economic activity in recent years. Many economists are particularly critical of the arbitrary nature of the cuts, arguing that Congress could reduce annual deficits by the same amount with far less economic damage by spreading the cuts acros
s
 a broader range of programs, directing them at lesser priorities or giving government agencies more discretion in how they make them. "There's a better way to do this," said Joel Prakken, chairman of Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecasting company based in
 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
. Still, he and others emphasized that the impact would most likely not be nearly as bad as the cost of the tax increases and spending cuts that had been scheduled to take effect Jan. 1. "Even though it's bad policy, the macro effects are small co
mpared with going over the fiscal cliff," he said. "That was a recession. This is a deceleration." The cumulative effect of the sequester and the tax deal struck in January might slash economic growth by as much as 1.25 percentage points -- from a growth 
r
ate that otherwise might have been more than 3 percent -- in 2013, economists estimate. Mr. Prakken predicts that the economy still would grow at about the same 2 percent annual pace it has managed in the years since the recession. Sequestration would sla
s
h agencies' "budget authority" by about $85 billion, but the Congressional Budget Office this month estimated that actual outlays would fall by only about $44 billion in the 2013 fiscal year, with the rest accruing over time. That is still about 1 percent
 
of total federal spending to be squeezed out in a matter of months. Many economists argue that the same cuts could be made with less pain by postponing some of them until later in the decade, when the economy is likely to be stronger. Many argue that grow
i
ng spending on health care programs like Medicaid and Medicare is the real threat to the federal budget, not domestic spending on areas like education and support for poor families. They also argue that macroeconomic estimates of the impact on growth prob
a
bly understate the damage that will be caused by cutting spending indiscriminately. "It's the nature of the cuts that is most pernicious -- across-the-board, without thought, cutting everything and anything including programs everyone thinks are good and 
e
ffective," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody's Analytics. "It's impossible to calculate in terms of dollars and cents what you're doing when you have these mindless cuts." The cuts would begin to take effect by March 1, and Congressional leaders a
p
pear increasingly resigned to let the deadline pass without action. A broader deal is possible before a second deadline at the end of the month, when a budget deal is necessary to avoid a government shutdown. Any such deal could significantly reduce the e
c
onomic impact of sequestration, which forecasters project will mostly fall in the second and third quarters. In normal times the Federal Reserve could offset the impact of spending cuts by reducing interest rates. But these are not normal times. The Fed a
l
ready is engaged in a vast effort to stimulate the economy, using monetary policy to suppress interest rates. The Fed's chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, has warned repeatedly that such policy has limited power to offset additional cuts. Some politicians are war
n
ing that agencies will need to take steps like furloughing air traffic controllers or shrinking early childhood programs. "We are doing everything possible to limit the worst effects on D.O.D. personnel, but I regret that our flexibility within the law is
 
extremely limited," said Leon E. Panetta, the defense secretary, in a letter to his staff on Wednesday. "We have no legal authority to exempt civilian personnel funding from reductions. As a result, should sequestration occur and continue for a substantia
l period, D.O.D. will be forced to place the vast majority of its civilian work force on administrative furlough." While the cuts would take a modest toll on the overall economy, the pain would be concentrated in some areas, like the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} suburbs that
 are home to many federal workers and government contractors. "Sequestration would feel like a cold to most of the nation, but to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Prince George{\*\xmlclose}'s County and the rest of the 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Washington{\*\xmlclose} metropolitan area, it would feel like a bad case of pneumonia," Rushern L. Baker III, the executive of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname City}}Prince George{\*\xmlclose}'s County in 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, said on Tuesday in a statement issued with the leaders of neighboring counties. Photograph Some Politicians Warn That Agencies Will Need to Take Steps Like Furloughing Air Traffic Controllers. (Photograph by Fred R. Conrad/the New York Times) (B7) 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Economic forecasts; Federal budget; Economic growth; Government spending
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United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 B.1
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 21, 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-03-04
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\v\f1\fs20\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\tc {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 75. Obama Tries to Turn Up Pressure on Republicans as Cutbacks Near}}}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama Tries to Turn Up Pressure on Republicans as Cutbacks Near}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Calmes, Jackie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 To turn up the 
pressure on the absent lawmakers, Mr. Obama warned in calamitous terms of the costs to military readiness, domestic investments and vital services if a "meat-cleaver" approach of indiscriminate, across-the-board spending cuts takes effect on March 1. 

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tional%20Desk%5D&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-20&volume=&issue=&spage=A.16&au=Calmes,%20Jackie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid14430728\charrsid13917098 
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\f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2762198 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- Days away from another fiscal crisis and with Congress on vacation, President Obama began marshaling the powers of the presidency on Tuesday }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid16070225 to try to shame Republicans into a compromise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
 that could avoid further self-inflicted job losses and damage to the fragile recovery. But so far, Republicans were declining to engage. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid16070225 
To turn up the pressure on the absent lawmakers, Mr. Obama warned in calamitous terms of the costs to military readiness, domestic investments and vital services if a "meat-cleaver" approach of indiscriminate, across-the-board s
pending cuts takes effect on March 1. Surrounding him in a White House auditorium were solemn, uniformed emergency responders, invited to illustrate the sort of critical services at risk. The president plans to keep up the pressure through next week}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  for an alternative deficit-reduction deal that includes both spending cuts and new revenues through closing tax loopholes. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid16070225 He will have daily events underscoring the potential ramifications of the automatic cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
, aides said, and next week will travel outside Washington }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid6299886 to take his case to the public}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
, as he did late last year in another fiscal fight on which he prevailed. In stern tones, Mr. Obama said that the automatic cuts, known in budget terms as a sequester, would "affect our responsibility to respond to thr
eats in unstable parts of the world" and "add thousands of Americans to the unemployment rolls." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid6299886 He framed the debate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  in the way that he hopes will force Republicans into accepting some higher tax revenues, something they so far refuse to do. "Republicans 
in Congress face a simple choice," Mr. Obama said. "Are they willing to compromise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid6299886 
to protect vital investments in education and health care and national security and all the jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  that depend on them, or would they rather put hundreds of thousands of jobs 
and our entire economy at risk just to protect a few special-interest tax loopholes that benefit only the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations?" Mr. Obama once again finds himself in a budget showdown with the opposing party, and numerous polls s
h
ow his position to be more popular than Republican calls for spending cuts only, including cuts in Medicare. Mr. Obama and senior aides hardly disguised their sense of political advantage. Still, the president's leverage might in fact be limited, since by
 all appearances he seems to want a deal far more than Republicans do. As the leader of the nation, Mr. Obama is eager to see an end to the repeated evidence of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname State}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname place}}Washington
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} dysfunction, or what he referred to again on Tuesday as the cycle of "manufactured crisis." And with his legacy ulti
mately at stake, he needs to lift the fiscal uncertainty that since 2011 has held down economic growth. Despite the risks of an impasse for Republicans, those who control the House have all but forfeited this battle to Mr. Ob
ama and seem poised to let the automatic cuts take effect. Many Republicans, particularly newer members elected with Tea Party support, have pushed party leaders to accept the sequester and lock in the spending cuts rather than compromise. The leaders see
m
 to have decided to wage battle later this spring in the larger fight over the annual federal budget. Contributing to Republican calculations is the fact that at least in the short term, an impasse over the sequester is not as potentially catastrophic as 
t
he threats that loomed in past partisan showdowns, like a full shutdown of government or the nation's first-ever default on its global debt obligations. The potential impact is potentially hazardous nonetheless, both economically and politically. As Mr. O
bama noted, the prospect of the sequester }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid4816442 
has already affected military deployments and hiring by military contractors, and threatens layoffs of teachers, air traffic controllers and researchers,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
 among others. Hours after the president's remarks, economic forecasters at Macroeconomic Advisers, based in St. Louis, projected that sequestration would reduce the firm's forecast of growth this year by nearly a quarter, 0.6 percent, and }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid4816442 cost roughly 700,000 civilian and military jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  through 2014, with heightened 
unemployment lingering for several years. "By far the preferable policy," the analysis said, "is a credible long-term plan to shrink the deficit more slowly through some combination of revenue increases within broad tax reform" as well as "more carefully 
c
onsidered cuts" in spending programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. That prescription for both long-term spending reductions and revenue increases, as an alternative to immediate deep spending cuts that inhibit job growth, generally tracks Mr. Obama's 
a
pproach. He has proposed $1.5 trillion in spending cuts over 10 years and revenue increases that would build on the roughly $2.5 trillion over the decade that he and Congress have agreed to in the past two years. The total, $4 trillion, is the minimum red
u
ction that many economists say is necessary to stabilize the growth of the nation's debt at a time when the population is aging and health care costs are rising, driving projected costs to entitlement programs to unsustainable levels. That approach mixing
 
spending cuts and increased revenues got another endorsement on Tuesday when the chairmen of Mr. Obama's 2010 debt-reduction commission -- former Senator Alan K. Simpson, a Republican, and Erskine B. Bowles, a Democrat and former chief of staff to Preside
n
t Bill Clinton -- released a revised fiscal plan that would reduce annual deficits by $2.4 trillion in a decade through spending cuts, including in Medicare and Social Security benefits, and an overhaul of the tax system. But Republicans say they will not
 
consider additional tax increases since Mr. Obama in January won more than $600 billion over 10 years in higher revenues from the wealthiest taxpayers. "The revenue debate is now closed," Speaker John A. Boehner said in a statement reacting to the preside
nt's remarks. Photograph President Obama Assembled a Group of Emergency Responders On Tuesday to Drive Home His Point About the Cost in Preparedness If Pending Cuts Take Effect. (Photograph by Doug Mills/the New York Times) 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Federal budget; Unemployment; Presidents; Economic conditions; Political power; Economic crisis
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Obama, Barack
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Republican Party; NAICS: 813940

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid2762198 Dire Forecast on Effects of Budget Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 , but Timing Is Disputed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Cooper, Michael
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 20 Feb 2013: A.16.
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Officials at the Department of Homeland Security said that travelers should not notice any significant reductions in Transportation Security Agency staffing at airports in the first few days after the automatic cuts. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10248856 President Obama on Tuesday painted a dire picture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  of
 federal government operations across the United States should automatic budget cuts hit on March 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10248856 
: F.B.I. agents furloughed, criminals released, flights delayed, teachers and police officers laid off and parents frantic to find a place for children locke
d out of day care centers. "Federal prosecutors will have to close cases and let criminals go," Mr. Obama said, flanked by law enforcement officers at the White House. "Tens of thousands of parents will have to scramble to find child care for their kids."
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  
While the effects may ultimately be significant, many are unlikely to be felt immediately, officials said Tuesday after the president's remarks. Rather, they will ripple gradually across the federal government as agencies come to grips in the months ahead
 
with across-the-board cuts to all their programs. Administration officials insisted that government contractors and state governments will begin receiving word quickly about programs that must be reduced or terminated. The Defense Department is planning t
o }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10248856 give notice to 800,000 civilian workers on Wednesday that furloughs might be necessary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
 if the automatic cuts go into effect. Amy Brundage, a White House spokeswoman, said: "Whether these impacts are felt immediately or in the near future, they are already
 having negative effects on the economy. And there are Americans who are working today who could lose their jobs if these cuts go into effect." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10248856 
But officials conceded that day care centers are almost certainly not going to be padlocked on March 1. Border p
atrols will be staffed throughout that day and the days to come. Federal agents will continue to conduct investigations, and criminals will not immediately be "let go," as Mr. Obama suggested.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  "The scheduling will depend on what the workload is, what the c
ases are, what can wait," said Nanda Chitre, a spokeswoman for the Department of Justice. "There's going to be impact all across law enforcement. But we've tried to give as much flexibility as possible." In recent years a gridlocked 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} has seemed t
o need the threat of drop-dead deadlines and potentially grave consequences -- workers laid off, parks and monuments closing, services disappearing overnight, federal benefit checks delayed -- to get anything done. Think of the last-minute deal to avert t
h
e "fiscal cliff" last month, or the one that was struck in 2011 to raise the nation's debt ceiling just as the possibility of default loomed. Now, with both Democrats and Republicans hoping to avert the automatic cuts, which are known as the sequester, bo
t
h sides are emphasizing their immediacy, with Mr. Obama warning on Tuesday that "just 10 days from now, Congress might allow a series of automatic, severe budget cuts to take place." But even if March 1 arrives without a deal to avert the cuts, it may be 
s
ome time before many take effect. White House officials have said that the planned cuts would take $85 billion out of the budget this year. But the actual impact of cuts felt this year might be only about half that much, the nonpartisan Congressional Budg
e
t Office estimated in a recent blog post. The office wrote that "discretionary outlays will drop by $35 billion and mandatory spending will be reduced by $9 billion this year as a direct result of those procedures; additional reductions in outlays attribu
table to the cuts in 2013 funding will occur in later years." In the short term}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10248856 
, officials at a variety of agencies said, the automatic cuts will take some time to put in place as officials readjust their priorities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  Officials at the Department of Homeland 
Security said that travelers should not notice any significant reductions in Transportation Security Agency staffing at airports in the first few days after the automatic cuts. And the number of air traffic controllers will not immediately be reduced, the
y
 said. "Lines/wait times will increase as reductions to overtime and the inability to backfill positions for attrition occur," a Homeland Security official said. Bill Hall, a spokesman for the Department of Health and Human Services, said he did not have 
d
etails about how child care services would be immediately affected. But he said the longer-term impact might be greater. "My guess is that this is impacting the spending over a period of time," Mr. Hall said. "I can't say how each one is going to work. I 
t
hink there's still a lot of work being done." Ms. Chitre said that the Bureau of Prisons, which houses 218,000 federal prisoners, does not intend to let anyone go on March 1 because of the cuts. She said that bureau personnel might be furloughed and that 
vocational education programs and others might be curtailed. As an example, she said the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 Marshals Service would face the likelihood of furloughs, but she added: "They will continue prisoner transfers and protect the courts. They are going to h
ave to do prioritizing." White House officials said they still believe that the automatic cuts will be severely disruptive right away. And they said decisions to cancel or reduce programs might not be able to be reversed a month or two later. In his remar
k
s, Mr. Obama said repeatedly that "this is not an abstraction." He added: "There are people whose livelihoods are at stake. There are communities that are going to be impacted in a negative way." How quickly the cuts go from abstraction to reality might d
etermine whether Congress and the president can find a way to avoid them -- or to quickly roll them back. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and MICHAEL COOPER; Michael D. Shear reported from Washington, and Michael Cooper from {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Day care centers; G
overnment agencies; Defense contracts; Congressional investigations; Economic forecasts; Federal budget; Government spending
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Location: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Company / organization: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Name: Congress; NAICS: 921120; Name: Department of Justice; NAICS: 922130

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 17 Feb 2013: SR.10.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Cutbacks in Customs agents and airport security c
heckpoints will "substantially increase passenger wait times," the Homeland Security Department said, creating delays of as much as an hour at busy airports. HEALTH AND SAFETY A cut of $350 million to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will me
an 25,000 fewer breast and cervical cancer screenings for low-income women; 424,000 fewer H.I.V. tests; and the purchase of 540,000 fewer doses of vaccine for flu, hepatitis and measles. 
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In less than two weeks, a cleaver known as the sequester will fall on some of the most important functions of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 government. About $85 billion will be cut from d
iscretionary spending over the next seven months, reducing defense programs by about 8 percent and domestic programs by about 5 percent. Only a few things will be spared, including some basic safety-net benefits like Social Security, as well as pay for en
l
isted military personnel. The sequester will not stop to contemplate whether these are the right programs to cut; it is entirely indiscriminate, slashing programs whether they are bloated or essential. The military budget, for example, should be reduced s
u
bstantially, but thoughtfully, considering the nation's needs. Instead, every weapons system, good or bad, will be hurt, as will troop training and maintenance. These cuts, which will cost the economy more than one million jobs over the next two years, ar
e
 the direct result of the Republican demand in 2011 to shrink the government at any cost, under threat of a default on the nation's debt. Many Republicans say they would still prefer the sequester to replacing half the cuts with tax revenue increases. But
 
the government spending they disdain is not an abstract concept. In a few days, the cuts will begin affecting American life and security in significant ways. While some departments may have exaggerated the dire effects of their reductions, Congressional b
udget experts say they have little doubt that the size and pervasive nature of the sequester will inflict widespread pain. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Here are some examples from the government departments most affected: NATIONAL SECURITY Two-week furloughs for most law-enforcement pe
rsonnel will reduce Coast Guard operations, including drug interdictions and aid to navigation, by 25 percent. Cutbacks in Customs agents and airport security checkpoints will "substantially increase passenger wait times," the Homeland Security Department
 
said, creating delays of as much as an hour at busy airports. The Border Patrol will have to reduce work hours by the equivalent of 5,000 agents a year. The Energy Department's nuclear security programs will be cut by $900 million, creating delays in refu
rbishing the weapons stockpile, and cutting security at manufacturing sites. Environmental cleanup at nuclear weapons sites in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Washington State{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
Tennessee{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}South Carolina{\*\xmlclose} and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Idaho{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will be delayed. AIR TRAFFIC About 10 percent of the Federal Aviation Admini
stration's work force of 47,000 employees will be on furlough each day, including air traffic controllers, to meet a $600 million cut. The agency says it will be forced to reduce air traffic across the country, resulting in delays and disruptions, particu
l
arly at peak travel times. CRIMINAL JUSTICE Every F.B.I. employee will be furloughed for nearly three weeks over the course of the year, the equivalent of 7,000 employees not working each day. The cut to the F.B.I. of $550 million will reduce the number o
f
 background checks on gun buyers that the bureau can perform, and reduce response times on cyberintrusion and counterterrorism investigations. A cut of $338 million will mean more than a two-week furlough for 37,000 prison employees. This will result in l
o
ckdowns at federal prisons across the country, increasing the chances for violence and risks to guards, and preventing the opening of three new prison buildings. Federal prosecutors will handle 2,600 fewer cases, because of furloughs resulting from a $100
 
million cut. That means thousands of criminals and civil violators will not face justice, and less money will be collected in fines. EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION About 70,000 children will lose access to Head Start, and 14,000 teachers and workers will be la
i
d off, because of a $424 million cut. Parents of about 30,000 low-income children will lose child-care assistance. HEALTH AND SAFETY A cut of $350 million to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will mean 25,000 fewer breast and cervical cancer 
s
creenings for low-income women; 424,000 fewer H.I.V. tests; and the purchase of 540,000 fewer doses of vaccine for flu, hepatitis and measles. Community health centers will be cut by $120 million, meaning that about 900,000 fewer patients lacking insuranc
e
 will receive primary care. A three-week furlough of all food safety employees will produce a shortage of meat, poultry and eggs, pushing prices higher and harming restaurants and grocers. The Agriculture Department warns that public health could be affec
t
ed by the inevitable black-market sales of uninspected food. Several air-monitoring sites will be shut down, as will more than 100 water-quality projects around the country. About $100 million will be cut from Superfund enforcement, allowing companies to 
e
vade their responsibilities to clean up environmental disasters. RESEARCH Nearly 1,000 grants from the National Science Foundation will be canceled or reduced, affecting research in clean energy, cybersecurity, and reform of science and math education. RE
C
REATION National parks will have shorter hours, and some will have to close camping and hiking areas. Firefighting and law enforcement will be cut back. DEFENSE PERSONNEL Enlisted personnel are exempt from sequester reductions this year, but furloughs las
t
ing up to 22 days will be imposed for civilian employees, who do jobs like guarding military bases, handle budgets and teach the children of service members. More than 40 percent of those employees are veterans. The military's health insurance program, Tr
i
care, could have a shortfall of up to $3 billion, which could lead to denial of elective medical care for retirees and dependents of active-duty service members. MILITARY OPERATIONS The Navy plans to shut down four air wings on March 1. After 90 days, the
 
pilots in those air wings lose their certifications, and it will take six to nine months, and much money, to retrain them. The Navy has also said the Nimitz and George H. W. Bush carrier strike groups will not be ready for deployment later this year becau
s
e the service will run out of operations and maintenance money. This means the Truman and Eisenhower strike groups will remain deployed indefinitely, a decision affecting thousands of service members and their families. Continuous bomber flights outside o
f {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Afghanistan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 will be reduced, and there will be cutbacks to satellite systems and missile warning systems. TRAINING AND MAINTENANCE The Army, which has done most of the fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq, says it will be forced to curtail training for 80 per
cent of its ground forces and that by the end of the year, two-thirds of its brigade combat teams will fall below acceptable levels of combat readiness. Air Force pilots expect to lose more than 200,000 flying hours. Beginning in March, roughly two-thirds
 
of the Air Force's active-duty combat units will curtail training at their home bases, and by July will no longer be capable of carrying out their missions. Some ship and aircraft maintenance will be canceled for the third and fourth quarters of the fisca
l
 year, resulting in fewer available weapons. Last week, Senate Democrats produced a much better plan to replace these cuts with a mix of new tax revenues and targeted reductions. About $55 billion would be raised by imposing a minimum tax on incomes of $1
 
million or more and ending some business deductions, while an equal amount of spending would be reduced from targeted cuts to defense and farm subsidies. Republicans immediately rejected the idea; the Senate minority leader, Mitch McConnell, called it "a 
p
olitical stunt." Their proposal is to eliminate the defense cuts and double the ones on the domestic side, heedless of the suffering that even the existing reductions will inflict. Their refusal to consider new revenues means that on March 1, Americans wi
ll begin learning how austerity really feels. Chart Chart 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
National debt; Government spending; Defense spending; Editorials; Federal budget
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\ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-02-28
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 President Urges Congress to Act to Stave Off Cuts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Shear, Michael D; Calmes, Jackie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 06 Feb 2013: A.1.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
Democrats say the cuts favored by House Republicans would unfairly target domestic programs, and Mr. Obama again insisted on Tuesday that any short-term action in the next several weeks must meet his demands for a balanced approach that also closes tax lo
opholes for wealthy citizens and industries. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
WASHINGTON -- President Obama on Tuesday called on Congress to quickly pass a new package of limited spending cuts and tax increases to head off substantial across-the-board reductions to domestic and military spending set to begin on March 1, but his app
e
al for more revenue was dismissed by Republicans. Trying to gain the upper hand in the latest fiscal clash, Mr. Obama said Congress should delay the reductions for at least a few months to give lawmakers a chance to negotiate a full deficit reduction pack
a
ge that permanently resolves the threat of a so-called sequester. "They should at least pass a smaller package of spending cuts and tax reforms that would delay the economically damaging effects of the sequester for a few more months," Mr. Obama said Tues
d
ay afternoon in the White House briefing room. He said there was no reason to put at risk "the jobs of thousands of Americans." The president said the economy, which unexpectedly contracted at the end of last year, had begun to recover slowly. But he warn
e
d that continuing fights over taxes and spending threaten to delay or derail that improvement. "We've also seen the effects that political dysfunction can have," Mr. Obama said. "We've made progress. And I still believe we can finish the job with a balanc
ed mix of spending cuts and more tax reform." Senator Mitch McConnell of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Kentucky{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, the Republican leader, mocked the president's demands to close tax loopholes, calling them "gimmicky tax hikes" and said, "It's time for Washington Democrats to get real." Ho
use Republicans noted that they had already passed their own plans to avoid the sequester. With the deadline looming, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid8019130 
each party is eager to blame the other for consequences that could include thousands of layoffs at military contractors, service reductions in programs for the needy and a new economic slump.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  Mr. Obama, who missed a deadline this week to submit his annual budget to Congress, acknowledged on Tuesday that a broader deficit agreement is unlikely to be reached by the March deadline. He provided 
no details about the tens of billion of dollars in spending cuts and tax adjustments that he wants Congress to pass quickly. More specifics could come when he delivers his State of the Union address next Tuesday. "While it's critical for us to cut wastefu
l
 spending, we can't just cut our way to prosperity," the president said, returning to fiscal issues after several weeks focused on gun control and immigration. "I still believe that we can finish the job with a balanced mix of spending cuts and more tax r
e
form." Without action in the next three weeks, federal law will set off automatic cuts worth about $1.2 trillion over the next decade. Mr. Obama and Republicans in Congress designed the cuts in 2011 to be devastating as a way to prod passage of a more tho
u
ghtful deficit reduction approach, but no agreement has been reached. Mr. Obama spoke as the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office released its annual economic report with the latest 10-year projections for the annual federal budget deficits. It provide
d some fodder to critics on the left and some economists who say that {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
's continued emphasis on immediate deficit reduction is constraining economic growth, though the budget }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid8019130 
office said lower deficits would help the economy starting in 2014.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  "The 
federal fiscal policy specified by current law will represent a drag on economic activity" this year and through 2017, the report said. It said that growth in 2013 "would be roughly 1 1\u8260\'2f
2 percentage points faster than the agency now projects if not for the
 fiscal tightening." Conservative House Republicans, as a price for their vote to suspend the debt ceiling, last month demanded that their leaders allow the automatic cuts to go into force as scheduled unless alternatives could be found on time. So far, R
e
publican leaders have held firm to that promise even with some Republicans expressing anxiety about the cuts to the Pentagon. House Republicans last year passed two bills that would reduce domestic spending enough to avoid the automatic military cuts, alt
h
ough those bills expired with the last Congress. Speaker John A. Boehner on Tuesday called their proposals "common-sense cuts and reforms" that the president and his Democratic allies in the Senate could immediately accept. Democrats say the cuts favored 
b
y House Republicans would unfairly target domestic programs, and Mr. Obama again insisted on Tuesday that any short-term action in the next several weeks must meet his demands for a balanced approach that also closes tax loopholes for wealthy citizens and
 
industries. Democrats in the Senate are divided on how to proceed in the coming fiscal negotiations with Republicans. Like Mr. Obama, Senate Democratic leaders want a three-month replacement bill, just long enough to move the showdown past other budget de
adlines like March 27, when the current stopgap law financing the government expires, and April 15, when the Senate and House must produce budgets. Senator Barbara A. Mikulski of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Maryland{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, favors a yearlong agreement. Senator Carl Levin of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Michigan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, has a broader, $200 billion plan to shut down offshore tax havens and other loopholes. And Senator Max Baucus of 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Montana{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee,
 wants to defer any action on closing tax loopholes for the broader fight over taxes and spending. "We are not going to have multiple bites at this apple," Mr. Baucus said Tuesday. The report from the Congressional Budget Office was its first fiscal analy
s
is since the year-end deal between the White House and Congress that raised taxes on high incomes, and it projected that the deficit for this fiscal year that ends Sept. 30 would be $845 billion. That would be the first deficit below $1 trillion in five y
e
ars, since the financial crisis of 2008. It would be equal to 5.3 percent of the nation's total output, or gross domestic product -- about half of what the deficit was relative to the size of the weaker economy in fiscal year 2009 when Mr. Obama took offi
c
e, but still higher than the roughly 3 percent level that many economists consider the maximum that is sustainable in a growing economy. While the budget office forecast that annual deficits will decline significantly as the economy recovers, the budget o
f
fice once again emphasized that the deficit will rise later in the decade, beginning in 2016, and continue do to so as the population ages and health care prices rise. Credit: MICHAEL D. SHEAR and JACKIE CALMES; Jonathan Weisman contributed reporting. Pho
t
ograph President Obama Made a Statement at the White House On Tuesday Calling On Lawmakers to Reach a Spending Agreement. (Photograph by Stephen Crowley/the New York Times) (A17) Charts: New Deficit Projections: In Its Latest Report, the Congressional Bud
get Office Estimates a $845 Billion Deficit for This Fiscal Year. The Estimates Assume Current Laws Remain in Place, Including the so-Called Sequester.; Deficit, in Billions; As a Percentage of G.D.P. (Source: Congressional Budget Office) (A17) 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Bu
dget deficits; Tax reform; Tax increases; Firearm laws & regulations; Government spending; Economic policy; Federal budget
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 6, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 04 Feb 2013: A.18.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The money could be raised by eliminating tax loopholes for energy companies, hedge fund managers and other high-end recipients of federal largess, but Republicans won't even consider the idea. 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
With enormous struggle, the sluggish economy managed to create 2.2 million jobs last year. But beginning at the end of this month, at least half that amount }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
-- more than a million jobs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  -- will start to disappear because of a mindless government austerity program that no one in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Washington{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} seems able to stop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
. From the armed forces to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, every program except for most safety-net be
nefits is about to be cut by an arbitrary process known as the sequester, instigated by the 2011 Republican rampage against government. Over the next seven months alone, the cuts will reduce defense spending by $55 billion and nondefense discretionary spe
nding by $27 billion. The {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Bipartisan{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} 
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Policy{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Center{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, a respected independent group, said at least a million jobs will be lost this year and next because of the slowdown caused by withdrawing so much mon
ey from the economy. The Congressional Budget Office says up to 1.4 million jobs are at stake. This isn't fortune telling; the effect of the coming sequester was already evident in last week's announcement that the economy actually contracted during the f
i
nal quarter of 2012. Much of the decline was directly due to the 22 percent reduction in spending by the Pentagon and military contractors in anticipation of the sequester's effects. With the economy teetering on a knife edge, it is clear that this is the
 worst moment to initiate an indiscriminate budget cut.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
 Government spending at this time can spell the difference between growth and shrinkage. But Republicans are willfully blind to this reality. Senator John Cornyn of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname 
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}Texas{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, th
e second-ranking Republican, called it a "Keynesian pipe dream" last week, saying that only spending cuts will help the economy. Congressional Republicans seem perfectly serene about allowing the sequester to take effect in a few weeks, so eager to prove 
t
hey are budget cutters that they are willing to ignore the coming economic storm. "I think sequester's going to happen," said Senator Tom Coburn, Republican of Oklahoma. "I think people want it to happen." But it was never supposed to happen. The sequeste
r was designed to be so dire that both parties would want to find a better way to reach a budget deal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid10051262 
. The incentive for Republicans was the huge cut to defense spending,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  but an ideologically rigid generation of deficit hawks has shouted down the defense ha
wks, leaving Democrats with no negotiating partner. Republicans have repeatedly voted to replace the defense cuts with more domestic cuts, but the overall impact on the economy would be the same. Congress should be thinking about ways to accelerate the ec
o
nomy, instead of remaining preoccupied with a short-term deficit. Nonetheless, the coming job losses could be sharply reduced if half or more of the spending cuts were replaced by revenue increases, as President Obama and Congressional Democrats have dema
n
ded. That would lower the amount of spending pulled out of the economy to bring down the deficit, replacing the cuts with taxes from the rich or companies with high cash reserves that are less likely to spend it. The money could be raised by eliminating t
a
x loopholes for energy companies, hedge fund managers and other high-end recipients of federal largess, but Republicans won't even consider the idea. "The tax issue is finished, over, completed," Mitch McConnell, the Senate Republican leader, said recentl
y. In other words, bring on the unemployment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\highlight7\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
The first jobs to go will be in the defense sector, but the losses will soon spread as contracts to states and cities are cut, education and police grants are cut, and payments to Medicare providers are cut. Eve
n the aid just approved for victims of Hurricane Sandy will fall under the sequester's ax. Americans are about to find out what happens when an entire political party demands deficit reduction at all costs, because those costs will be enormous.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Subject: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 S
tock prices; Budget deficits; Editorials; Unemployment; Federal employees; Layoffs; Economic impact
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country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}--US
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 People: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Coburn, Tom, Cornyn, John
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Pages: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 A.18
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication year: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 4, 2013
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Column: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Editorial
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publisher: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times Company
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{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Last updated: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 2013-02-18
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89. Energy Secretary Is Resigning After 4 Years Focused on Clean Technologies}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Document 89 of 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid6302512\charrsid13917098 0 - DELETED}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf17\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 _______________________________________________________________
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Congress Passes Debt Bill As a $1 Trillion Ax Looms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa100\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Author: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Weisman, Jonathan; Lowery, Annie
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl320\slmult0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication info: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times , Late Edition (East Coast) [{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}New York{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, N.Y] 01 Feb 2013: A.16.
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Abstract: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Economists cautioned that they did not expect such a precipitous decline to co
ntinue in the coming quarters. [...]the drop came after a surge in military spending in the third quarter, as offices rushed to spend money obligated to the 2012 fiscal year. 
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&title=New%20York%20Times&issn=03624331&date=2013-02-01&volume=&issue=&spage=A.16&au=Weisman,%20Jonathan;Lowery,%20Annie&isbn=&jtitle=New%20York%20Times&btitle=&rft_id=info:eric/}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Full text: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 WASHINGTON -- The Senate gave final approval on Thur
sday to legislation suspending the statutory debt ceiling until May, officially turning Congress's attention to the next budget showdown: $1 trillion in across-the-board military and domestic spending cuts set to begin on March 1. The 64-to-34 vote ended 
for now a clash that had threatened the full faith and credit of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 government. But the next budget fight is just four weeks away. House Republican leaders insist that the across-the-board cuts, known as sequestrat
ion, are coming, even as senators in both parties scramble for short- and long-term remedies. Senate Democratic leaders hope to present legislation next week at a party retreat that would mix revenues and spending cuts to replace the first three months of
 
indiscriminate cuts while longer-term negotiations continue. Senator Tom Coburn, Republican of Oklahoma, is assembling his own proposal to replace the across-the-board cuts with the elimination of duplicative efforts in the federal government in areas lik
e
 the promotion of environmentally friendly construction, science and technology education, and work force training. Senator Carl Levin, Democrat of Michigan and chairman of the Armed Services Committee, has drafted more ambitious legislation to raise near
l
y $200 billion for sequester replacement by closing off a variety of offshore tax shelters, ending preferential tax treatment for many private equity and hedge fund managers, and taxing the exercise of stock options more heavily. "The fiscal situation is 
g
rave enough, the threat of sequestration is so serious in terms of its impact on our domestic priorities and on our security, that I believe that if we can get this in front of the Congress, because it will have huge public support, it will pass," Mr. Lev
i
n said in an interview. But even the architects of such efforts are pessimistic that they have time to win passage. "I think sequester's going to happen," Mr. Coburn said. "I think people want it to happen." Yet the economic recovery remains weak, and une
m
ployment high. This week, Washington got one of the first signs of how the sequester might play out in the economy, when government figures showed that the economy had contracted in the final three months of 2012, largely a result of a 22 percent drop in 
m
ilitary spending. Economists cautioned that they did not expect such a precipitous decline to continue in the coming quarters. Moreover, the drop came after a surge in military spending in the third quarter, as offices rushed to spend money obligated to t
he 2012 fiscal year. Still, the automatic cuts have the potential to derail the recovery. Macroeconomic Advisers, a forecasting firm in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}St. Louis{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}, estimated that if the sequester came into full effect starting in March, it would knock 0.7 percentage points 
from economic growth in 2013, dropping it to 1.9 percent. Economists say hundreds of thousands of jobs could be lost, if not more. With half of the sequester hitting military spending, the worst effects would be felt by the Pentagon and military contracto
r
s. Congress already cut half a trillion dollars from military spending in the 2011 Budget Control Act, and the sequester would cut a further half-trillion. Defense companies have been engaged in an extensive behind-the-scenes effort to sway lawmakers, and
 
they have warned that the cuts might lead to serious job losses, while also threatening the country's security. "We're sounding a full-throated alarm about this," said Marion Blakey, the president of the Aerospace Industries Association, a lobbying group.
 
"It was never intended to take place. It is terribly bad public policy. And it would have a very negative effect on our economy." Concerns about the sequester cast a shadow over corporate earnings season in January. Many businesses said they expected Cong
r
ess to delay or reduce the cuts, but warned of a bleak outlook if they took full effect. "While we recognize that both parties are strongly opposed to allowing sequestration to happen, we remain deeply concerned that sequestration could occur as the defau
l
t outcome if negotiations fail," Marillyn A. Hewson, the chief executive of Lockheed Martin, told investors in January. "Sequestration not only puts at risk our defense industrial base, it also harms military readiness." But with just four weeks to go, th
e
 search for any replacement for the across-the-board cuts seems to be stumbling out of the gate. Senator Barbara Mikulski, Democrat of Maryland and chairwoman of the House Appropriations Committee, said Thursday that she would try to enlist the White Hous
e
 to help stop her own leadership's three-month bill. She wants any legislation to last at least a year. "I hope the White House is not colluding with the 90-day reprieve," she said. "This is like appeals on death row." Mr. Levin's tax bill effectively pit
s
 the defense industry against other heavyweights, especially high-tech companies like Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft and Facebook, all of which are singled out by the Levin bill as abusers of the tax code. Dan Stohr, a spokesman for the Aerospace Industries A
s
sociation, said military contractors were not going to be drawn into that fight. With the price of failure so high, Mr. Levin and Mr. Coburn said this week that their longstanding quests to cull the tax code of egregious loopholes and cut overlapping gove
rnment programs could finally succeed. Mr. Levin pointed to two cases in particular. Microsoft develops software in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, sells intellectual property rights to subsidiaries in low-tax jurisdictions offshore, then shifts the bulk of its profits 
from product sales to those tax havens by paying its own subsidiaries royalties. Hewlett-Packard, like many companies, pays no taxes on overseas profits until they are brought back to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States
{\*\xmlclose}, but it has been able to keep cash flowing home through a series of tax-free loans from its offshore subsidiaries to its {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}California{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} headquarters. In testimony in September to Mr. Levin's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard executives said they were following the letter of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns2{\factoidname country-region}}United States{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
 tax law, but also said that the law was putting their companies at a disadvantage with competitors from other countries. Mr. Levin conceded that that argument had been persuasive with colleagues for years, as he sought to tighten tax loopholes
. In lieu of a deal, Republican senators are drafting legislation at least to give agencies the flexibility to make the cuts more selectively, Mr. Coburn said. "Necessity becomes the mother of invention," he said. "We've got smart people in these agencies
. They will do what's most important and least expensive." Photograph Senators Tom Coburn, Left, and Carl Levin Hope to Pare Tax Loopholes and Wasteful Spending. (Photograph by Win Mcnamee/Getty Images) 
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication title: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 New York Times,\~Late Edition (East Coast)
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\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Publication date: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\insrsid16530451\charrsid13917098 Feb 1, 2013
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